4 Python - Expression Evaluation
Uploaded by
Arun Sinha4 Python - Expression Evaluation
Uploaded by
Arun SinhaPython Expression Evaluation 1
1. Precedence of operators
Operator precedence refers to the priority of operators in an expression. It determines
which operation is performed first when multiple operators appear in an expression.
Operators with higher precedence are evaluated before operators with lower precedence.
Operator Name Operator Symbol Operator Operator
Precedence (High Associativity
→ Low)
Parentheses () Highest Left → Right
Exponentiation ** High Right → Left
Unary operators +x, -x, ~x High Right → Left
Multiplication * Medium Left → Right
Division / Medium Left → Right
Floor Division // Medium Left → Right
Modulus % Medium Left → Right
Addition + Medium Left → Right
Subtraction - Medium Left → Right
Bitwise Shift <<, >> Lower Left → Right
Bitwise AND & Lower Left → Right
Bitwise XOR ^ Lower Left → Right
Bitwise OR | Lower Left → Right
Comparison <, <=, >, >=, Low Left → Right
Operators ==, !=
Membership in, not in Low Left → Right
Operators
Identity is, is not Low Left → Right
Operators
Logical NOT not Very Low Right → Left
Logical AND and Very Low Left → Right
Logical OR or Lowest Left → Right
Assignment =, +=, -=, *=, /=, Very Low Right → Left
Operators //=, %= etc.
2. Expression
An expression in Python is a combination of variables, constants, operators, and
function calls that produces a value.
Example - 10 + 5, a * b, x / y, 5 ** 2
Expressions can be of below types –
Artihmatic : 5 + 2, 5 ** 2
Relational (uses comparison operator) : print (x < y)
Logical (uses AND, OR, NOT) : print (x > 3 and x <10)
Bitwise (uses bitwise operator) : print (a & b)
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3. Evaluation of an expression
Evaluation of an expression means calculating the result of the expression
according to operator precedence and associativity rules.
Python evaluates expressions using:
1. Operator precedence
2. Associativity
3. Parentheses
Associativity Associativity determines the direction of evaluation when two
operators have the same precedence.
4. Type-conversion (explicit and implicit conversion)
Type conversion means converting one data type into another data type.
There are two types:
1. Implicit Conversion
2. Explicit Conversion
Implicit conversion is automatically performed by Python when converting a smaller
data type into a larger data type.
Example : a=5
b = 2.5
c=a+b
print(c)
print(type(c))
Explicit conversion is done manually by the programmer using built-in functions.
Functi Description
on
int() Converts value to
integer
float() Converts value to
float
str() Converts value to
string
bool() Converts value to
boolean
Example : a = "10"
b = int(a)
print(b)
print(type(b))
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5. Accepting data as input from the console and displaying output
Python allows users to enter data through the keyboard using the input() function. The
input() function reads input from the user as a string.
Example name = input("Enter your name: ")
print(name)
Since input() returns a string, it must be converted to numeric type.
Example age = int(input("Enter your age: "))
print(age)
Miscellaneous Examples
1. Taking Multiple Integers in One Line
Instead of writing multiple input() statements, you can read multiple values in one line.
a, b = map(int, input("Enter two numbers: ").split())
print(a, b)
2. Taking a List of Integers
This is very common in Python programs.
numbers = list(map(int, input("Enter numbers: ").split()))
print(numbers)
3. Reading Characters of a String as a List
chars = list(input("Enter text: "))
print(chars)
4. Reading Multiple Lines of Input
n = int(input("Enter number of lines: "))
for i in range(n):
line = input()
print(line)
5. Reading Matrix Input
Example: 3×3 matrix.
matrix = []
for i in range(3):
row = list(map(int, input().split()))
[Link](row)
print(matrix)
6. Taking Input and Converting to Boolean
value = bool(int(input("Enter 0 or 1: ")))
print(value)
7. Taking Space-Separated Strings
a, b, c = input("Enter three words: ").split()
print(a, b, c)
8. Taking Comma-Separated Input
numbers = input("Enter numbers separated by comma: ").split(",")
print(numbers)
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9. Predict the output a = “Asansol”
print(bool(a)) //True
a = None
print(bool(a)) //False