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Tutorial 7

The document discusses the role of modems as I/O devices, outlining circumstances such as packet transmission and connection to a computer. It details factors affecting I/O performance, various I/O techniques including programmed I/O, interrupt-driven I/O, and direct memory access, as well as the differences between memory-mapped I/O and isolated I/O. Additionally, it explains how processors identify interrupting devices and the behavior of processors during DMA operations.

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16 views2 pages

Tutorial 7

The document discusses the role of modems as I/O devices, outlining circumstances such as packet transmission and connection to a computer. It details factors affecting I/O performance, various I/O techniques including programmed I/O, interrupt-driven I/O, and direct memory access, as well as the differences between memory-mapped I/O and isolated I/O. Additionally, it explains how processors identify interrupting devices and the behavior of processors during DMA operations.

Uploaded by

okay8
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Tutorial 7: WRES1201 – Computer System Architecture

1. In what circumstances that a modem can become an I/O device?

- When the modem receive/send a packet from the Internet


- When the modem is plug into a computer

- Need a network interface card

2. List all the factors that may affect the performance of an I/O of a system.

- I/O techniques (Programmed I/O, Interrupt-driven I/O, DMA, DCA)


- Bandwidth of between the I/O module and the CPU (Bus system)

3. List and explain briefly the principle of I/O techniques.

- Programmed I/O
- Data are exchanged between the processor and the I/O module
- Processor executes a program that gives it direct control of the I/O
operation
- Processor must wait until the I/O operation
- If the processor is faster than the I/O module this is wasteful of
processor time

- Interrupt-driven I/O
- Processor will give the instruction to the I/O module, and it will continue
its work, the processor will receive the interrupt from the I/O module
when the I/O module has finished its work

- Direct memory access


- The I/O module and the main memory exchange data without the
involvement of the CPU (except for the instruction issued by the CPU)

4. What is the difference between memory-mapped I/O and isolated I/O?

- Memory mapped I/O


- Devices and memory share an address space
- I/O is quite same as read/write memory
- Uses the same set of commands, do not have special command for I/O
- Isolated I/O
- separate memory address
- Need I/O or memory select lines
- Special command for I/O (do not have a lot of command as memory-
mapped I/O)

- Sharing and not sharing memory location between processor and I/O

5. When a device interrupt occurs, how does the processor determine which device
issued the interrupt?

- If there is only an interrupt vector, each interrupt handler have to chain from
the interrupt vector that is installed earlier

- To make the determination whether the device was the one that triggered the
interrupt

- Pass control to the previous interrupt handler if it is not the one that triggered
the interrupt

Four general categories of techniques in common use : multiple interrupt lines,


software poll, daisy chain(hardware poll, vectored), bus arbitration

6. When a DMA module takes control of a bus, and while it retains control of the
bus what does the processor do?

The processor pauses for each bus cycle stolen by DMA module.

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