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13 Python - Dictionary

A Python dictionary is an unordered, mutable collection of key-value pairs where keys are unique and immutable. It allows for efficient data access, modification, and various built-in functions for manipulation. Dictionaries are commonly used in applications such as databases and JSON data handling due to their flexibility and fast lookup capabilities.

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4 views3 pages

13 Python - Dictionary

A Python dictionary is an unordered, mutable collection of key-value pairs where keys are unique and immutable. It allows for efficient data access, modification, and various built-in functions for manipulation. Dictionaries are commonly used in applications such as databases and JSON data handling due to their flexibility and fast lookup capabilities.

Uploaded by

Arun Sinha
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Python Dictionary 1

1. Introduction A dictionary in Python is an unordered, mutable


collection of elements stored as key–value pairs.

Key Characteristics:
 Stores data in key: value format
 Keys must be unique and immutable (e.g., strings, numbers, tuples)
 Values can be of any data type
 Dictionaries are mutable (can be changed after creation)

Example: d = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25, "marks": 90}


print(d)

2. Accessing Items Using Keys Values in a dictionary are accessed


using their keys.
Example: d = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25}
print(d["name"]) # Alice
print(d["age"]) # 25
Using get() method:
print([Link]("name")) # Alice
print([Link]("city")) # None (no
error)
Difference:
 d[key] → gives error if key not found
 [Link](key) → returns None (or default value)

3. Mutability of Dictionary

a) Adding a New Item d = {"name": "Alice"}


d["age"] = 25
print(d) # {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}

b) Modifying an Existing Item d = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25}


d["age"] = 30
print(d) # {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30}

4. Traversing a Dictionary Traversal means iterating through dictionary


elements.
a) Traversing Keys d = {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}
for key in d:
print(key)
b) Traversing Values for value in [Link]():
print(value)
Python Dictionary 2

c) Traversing Key-Value Pairs for key, value in


[Link]():
print(key, value)

5. Built-in Functions and Methods

a) len() Returns number of items. d = {"a": 1, "b": 2}


print(len(d)) # 2

b) dict() Creates a dictionary. d = dict(a=1, b=2)


print(d)

c) keys() Returns all keys. print([Link]())

d) values() Returns all values. print([Link]())

e) items() Returns key-value pairs. print([Link]())

f) get() Returns value of a key safely. print([Link]("a"))

g) update() Updates dictionary with another dictionary. d = {"a": 1}


[Link]({"b": 2})
print(d)

h) del() function Deletes a specific item. d = {"a": 1, "b": 2}


del d["a"]
print(d)

i) del keyword (entire dictionary) del d

j) clear() Removes all items.


d = {"a": 1, "b": 2}
[Link]()
print(d) # {}

k) fromkeys() Creates dictionary with given keys and a common value.


keys = ["a", "b", "c"]
d = [Link](keys, 0)
print(d)

l) copy() Creates a shallow copy.


d1 = {"a": 1}
Python Dictionary 3

d2 = [Link]()

m) pop() Removes and returns value of given key.


d = {"a": 1, "b": 2}
print([Link]("a")) # 1

n) popitem() Removes and returns last inserted item.


d = {"a": 1, "b": 2}
print([Link]())

o) setdefault() Returns value of key; inserts key if not present.


d = {"a": 1}
[Link]("b", 2)
print(d)

p) max() Returns maximum key.


d = {"a": 10, "b": 20}
print(max(d)) # b

q) min() Returns minimum key. print(min(d)) # a

r) sorted() Returns sorted list of keys. print(sorted(d))

6. Conclusion
Python dictionaries are:
 Powerful for storing key-value structured data
 Efficient for fast lookup using keys
 Flexible due to their mutability

They are widely used in real-world applications like:


 Databases
 JSON data handling
 Configuration storage

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