4 DAYS BOOTCAMP AND 24 HOURS
HACKATHON ON DATA SCIENCE
WITH PYTHON
Team members:
1. A V S Leelavathi
2. V Ramanamma
3. K Monika
4. P Puja
5. G Yamini
6. K Navya
Project uploading levels:
Level 1 ( Problem Statement )
Level 2 ( Feature Engineering )
Level 3 Correction
Level 4 ( Evaluation Metrics ) & Conclusion
PROBLEM STATEMENT
What is a problem statement ?
A problem statement is a description of an
identified issue that a company or
business has, detailing methods needed to address and
overcome it. It is a problem solving
identifies the gap between the current problem and goal.
How to write a problem statement ?
We can problem statement in five steps
1. Identify the issue
2. Begin with your ideal situation
3. Describe current gaps
4. State the consequent of the problem
5. Propose addressing the issue
INDUSTRY : AUTOMOBILES
DEPARTMENT : MANUFACTURING
PROBLEM : SALES SLUMP
CAUSE : CHANGES IN CUSTOMER EXPECTATIONS
SOLUTION : ADAPTING TECHNOLOGIES
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
Predicting the sales slump in automobile
industry while varies in customer
expectations we can predict this with the help of adapting
technologies.
Automobile industry:
It is a broad range of companies and organizations involved in
the design, development, manufacturing,
marketing, and selling of motor vehicles. It is one largest economic
sectors in terms of revenue. Software and
Hardware engineers in the automotive sector work for automotive
manufacturers.
Example : Sonalika Tractors
Sonalika Tractors faced a drop of 14.41% in retail
tractor sales in India 2023. The
company sold 8,293 units in November 2023 compared to
9,689 units in November 2022.
TAFE Limited gained its market share by 0.09%. The
company recorded a drop in retail
tractor sales by 20.65%.
References : Referred from google websites.
1.
[Link]
2.
[Link]
q=which+company+is+sales+down+in+tractor+industry&rlz=1C1CHBF_enIN1081IN1082&o
q=which+company+is+sales+down+in+tactors&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqCQgBECEYChigAT
IGCAAQRRg5MgkIARAhGAoYoAEyCQgCECEYChigATIJCAMQIRgKGKABMgYIBBAhGAo
yBwgFECEYnwUyBwgGECEYnwUyBwgHECEYnwUyBwgIECEYnwUyBwgJECEYnwXSAQ
kxOTU5NWowajeoAgCwAgA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
FEATURES IN AUTOMOBILES INDUSTRY:
1. Development------------------------------------------------------------Development-------------
-----------
2. Manufacturing--------------------------------------------Manufacturing--------
3. Marketing
4. Selling---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------x------------
-----------
5. Organization involved in the design
6. Repairing
7. Quality-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
satisfaction rate---------------------
8. Modification of motor vehicles
9. Innovation
10. Reliability--------------------------------------------------------x-----------------------------
11. Performance
12. Cost____________________________________________________Benifits_____
___________
13. Interest Rate
14. Economic Growth
15. Safety and
Aesthetics________________________________________________Benifits____
_________
16. Exchange Rate
17. Employment Rate
18. Car Sharing Apps+
19. Products and technology
20. Vehicle type--------------------------------------------------------Brand----------------------------
--------
21. Branding and marketing--------------------------------------------------------------------------
satisfaction rate------------------------
22. Globalized \production
23. Comfort--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------Benefit---------
24. Predictive
maintenance_________________________________________________Benifits_
______________
25. Autonomous driving
26. Technology---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
satisfaction rate-------------------------------
Performance-------------------*******
Quality------------------*******
Rating------------------********
Satisfaction------------*****
Benefits------------*******
Sonalika Tractors Dataset
1).Import pandas as pd
You have imported the pandas library in Python With
pandas, you can easily work with structured data, perform
data manipulation, analysis, and visualization tasks. Not
only pandas libray we can take any library for importing
data.
In this above code we can use pandas library to import the
data set. Here we can take df as variable of the data set.
1) To generate data to a specified range.
[Link]() is a function from the Random
module in Python that generates a random integer
within a specified range
2) .Output for the above algorithm.
Here we can generate the dataset upto 1000 times.
3).Dataset
ALGORITHMS
Algorithm:
A set of finite rules or instructions to be followed in
calculations or other problem-solving [Link] these
algorithms we have some types which are…
REGRESSION:
Regression is a statistical method used to model the
relationship between a dependent variable and one or
more independent [Link] regression we have two
types .
Linear regression :-
Linear regression is a basic and
straightforward machine learning model used for
regression analysis. It involves finding the relationship
between two variables, i.e., the dependent variable and
the independent variable. This model is used to predict a
continuous outcome variable based on one or more
predictor variables
MultipleLinear Regression:-
Multiple linear regression attempts to model the
relationship between two or more independent
variables and a dependent variable by fitting a linear
equation to observed data. Every value of the
independent variable x is associated with a value of the
dependent variable
1).Asign values variables.
Here we can take two variables x and y ,then we print
values of x.
2).Printing a value.
After that we can the values of y.
3).Linear regression by importing matplotlib.
At the beginning we can import ‘matplotlib’ library
as plt after that we use a
Scatter function to the attributes of x and [Link] we give
linewidth, colour to
that axis.
Output:
It is the output of the above algorithm.
Decision Trees:-
A decision tree is a simple and intuitive model
that is used for both
regression and classification problems. It is a tree-like
structure where each node
represents a feature or attribute, and each branch
represents a decision rule.
Decision trees are particularly useful in situations where the
data has multiple
variables and is non-linear
Output:
Support vector machines (SVM) :-
Support vector machines (SVM) are a
supervised learning algorithm used for
classification and regression analysis. SVM tries to find the
best hyperplane that separates the
data points into different classes, with maximum margin.
SVM can also handle non-linearly
separable data by transforming the data into a higher-
dimensional space.
Output:
Random Forests:-
Random forests are a powerful and popular
ensemble learning technique
used for classification, regression, and anomaly detection. It
is an extension of
decision trees, where a large number of decision trees are
trained on subsets of
data. The final prediction is made by taking the average of
all the individual tree
predictions.
Evalution metrics
Evaluation metrics are used to evaluating machine
learning [Link] should know when to
use which metrics and it depends mainly on what kind of
targets from sklearn import metrics.
Regression metrics:
Regression refers to predictive modeling problems that
involve predicting a numeric [Link] is
different from classification that involves predicting a class
label. Unlike classification, you cannot
use classification accuracy to evaluate the predictions made
by a regression model.
Mean squared error(MSE):
Mean Squared Error, or MSE for short, is a popular
error metric for regression [Link] is
also an important loss function for algorithms fit or
optimized using the least squares framing of a
regression problem. Here “least squares” refers to
minimizing the mean squared error between
predictions and expected values.
MSE = 1 / N * sum for i to N (y_i – yhat_i)^2
Root Mean Squared Error:
The Root Mean Squared Error, or RMSE, is an extension of
the mean squared [Link],
the square root of the error is calculated, which means that
the units of the RMSE are the same as
the original units of the target value that is being predicted.
Mean Absolute Error:
Mean Absolute Error, or MAE, is a popular metric
because, like RMSE, the units of the error
score match the units of the target value that is being
[Link] the RMSE, the changes in
MAE are linear and therefore intuitive.
Support vector machines (SVM) :-
Support vector machines (SVM) are a
supervised learning algorithm used for
classification and regression analysis. SVM tries to find the
best hyperplane that separates the
data points into different classes, with maximum margin.
SVM can also handle non-linearly
separable data by transforming the data into a higher-
dimensional space.
Output:
Decision Trees:-
A decision tree is a simple and intuitive model that
is used for both
regression and classification problems. It is a tree-like
structure where each node
represents a feature or attribute, and each branch
represents a decision rule.
Decision trees are particularly useful in situations where the
data has multiple
variables and is non-linear
Output:
Random Forests:-
Random forests are a powerful and popular
ensemble learning technique
used for classification, regression, and anomaly detection. It
is an extension of
decision trees, where a large number of decision trees are
trained on subsets of
data. The final prediction is made by taking the average of
all the individual tree
predictions.
Decision tree error rating and accuracy.
Random forest regression error rating and accuracy
Linear regression error rating and accuracy
SVR error rating and accuracy
Conclusion:
Finally our model is decision tree by comparing with
other four regressions which has low
error rating. So, our model is Decision tree.