Science
🧍♂️A. Human Body
1. Body Parts and Their Functions
Every part of the human body has a special purpose.
Head: Contains the brain, which controls the body and helps us think,
remember, and learn.
Eyes: Used for seeing. They help us recognize shapes, colors, and light.
Ears: Used for hearing and also for balance.
Nose: Helps us breathe and smell things around us.
Mouth: Used for eating, tasting, and speaking.
Hands and arms: Used for holding, lifting, writing, and creating things.
Legs and feet: Used for standing, walking, running, and jumping.
Learning the functions of body parts helps us understand how our body works
together as one system.
2. Caring for the Body and Keeping Healthy
To stay strong and active, we must take care of our bodies by:
Bathing regularly to remove dirt and germs.
Brushing teeth to prevent cavities.
Washing hands before eating and after playing.
Getting enough sleep and exercise.
Eating healthy food and drinking enough water.
Good hygiene and healthy habits protect us from diseases and help our body function
well.
3. Food the Body Needs
Our body needs balanced nutrition to grow and stay healthy:
Carbohydrates (like rice, bread, potatoes) give energy.
Proteins (like fish, eggs, meat, beans) build muscles and repair body tissues.
Vitamins and minerals (from fruits and vegetables) keep our organs and
immune system healthy.
Water helps digestion and keeps our body hydrated.
Eating the right food in the right amount makes us energetic and strong.
🌿 B. Environment
1. Keeping Clean and Protecting the Environment
Our environment includes everything around us — air, water, soil, plants, and animals.
We can protect it by:
Throwing garbage into bins.
Recycling and reusing items.
Saving water and electricity.
Planting trees and keeping our surroundings green.
When we take care of nature, it stays clean and supports all living things.
2. Healthy and Unhealthy Environments
A healthy environment is clean, fresh, has many plants, and no pollution. It
helps humans and animals live comfortably.
An unhealthy environment is dirty, full of waste, and polluted. It can cause
sickness like coughs, colds, or skin infections.
A healthy environment makes life better for everyone.
🐶🌸 C. Animals and Plants
1. Caring for Animals and Plants
Animals and plants need care just like humans:
Give pets food and clean water.
Provide them with safe shelter.
Water and give sunlight to plants regularly.
Do not harm living creatures.
Caring shows responsibility and kindness toward nature.
2. Growth of Animals and Plants
Animals are born, grow, and become adults. For example, a chick grows into a
hen.
Plants start as seeds, sprout roots, grow stems and leaves, and later produce
flowers and fruits.
Understanding growth helps us see how living things change over time.
3. Parts of a Plant and Their Functions
Roots hold the plant in the soil and absorb water.
Stem carries water and food to all parts.
Leaves make food using sunlight (photosynthesis).
Flowers produce seeds for new plants.
Fruits protect the seeds.
Each part is important for the plant’s life.
4. Habitat of Animals and Plants
A habitat is a place where a living thing lives and grows.
Fish live in water.
Birds live in trees or nests.
Lions live on land in forests.
Cacti grow in deserts.
Every animal and plant has a habitat that suits its needs for food, air, and shelter.
5. Helpful and Harmful Animals
Helpful animals: Cows (milk), chickens (eggs), bees (honey).
Harmful animals: Mosquitoes (spread diseases), rats (damage crops).
We learn to protect useful animals and stay safe from harmful ones.
6. Benefits of Plants
Plants provide many things we need:
Food (fruits, vegetables, grains)
Oxygen for breathing
Medicine
Shelter and materials like wood and cotton
Plants are essential for life on Earth.
🧱 D. Objects and Their Uses
1. Types of Objects
Objects can be classified by their state:
Solid: Has shape and size (e.g., chair, pencil).
Liquid: Takes the shape of its container (e.g., water, milk).
Gas: Invisible and spreads everywhere (e.g., air).
We use different materials depending on their properties — glass for windows, metal
for tools, fabric for clothes.
2. Movement of Objects
Objects can move in different ways:
Roll: A ball rolls.
Slide: A box slides on the floor.
Swing: A pendulum swings.
Force makes objects move, stop, or change direction.
3. Changes in Shape and Form
Objects can change shape when:
Heated: Ice melts into water.
Cooled: Water freezes into ice.
Pressed or bent: Clay can be shaped.
These changes help us understand materials and their uses in daily life.
☀️E. Energy and Its Uses
1. Energy and Its Uses
Energy is what makes things happen — it allows movement, light, heat, and sound.
Without energy, we couldn’t walk, cook, or see.
2. Forms and Sources of Energy
Main forms:
Heat energy – from fire or the sun.
Light energy – from the sun or lamps.
Electrical energy – from batteries or power plants.
Sound energy – from speaking or instruments.
Sources include the Sun, fuel, wind, and water.
3. Use and Conservation of Electricity
Electricity helps us power fans, TVs, lights, and refrigerators.
We can save energy by turning off lights when not in use and unplugging unused
devices.
4. The Sun’s Appearance
The sun:
Rises in the east and sets in the west.
Appears bright and round.
Gives us light during the day.
The sun is Earth’s main source of energy.
5. Uses of Heat and Sunlight
Sunlight and heat are useful for:
Drying clothes and crops.
Helping plants make food.
Keeping the Earth warm.
Too much sunlight can be harmful, so protection (like hats or shade) is important.
Exercise Topics
🌞 1. Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources
• Renewable resources are things we can use again and again because they
don’t run out — like sunlight, wind, and water.
• Non-renewable resources are things that can run out, like coal, oil, or gas.
• Example: In a desert, the best renewable resource is solar energy because
there’s lots of sunlight.
🌻 2. The Sun’s Role for Plants
• The Sun helps plants grow by giving light and heat.
• Plants use sunlight to make their food through a process called
photosynthesis.
🗑 3. Waste Management
• We can take care of the Earth by sorting our trash into 3 groups:
1. Recyclable waste – things that can be reused (plastic, glass, paper).
2. Compostable waste – food scraps or plants that can rot into soil.
3. Non-recyclable waste – things that cannot be reused.
• Remember the 3Rs: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle.
☁ 4. Weather
• The weather changes every day — it can be sunny, cloudy, rainy, or
windy.
• When it’s summer and the sky looks cloudy, a good question to ask is,
“Will it rain tomorrow?”
🍽 5. Food and Nutrition
• We get food from plants (like fruits and vegetables) and animals (like milk,
eggs, meat).
• Different foods give us different nutrients:
• Carbohydrates – give energy (rice, bread).
• Fats – keep us warm and protect our organs (oil, butter).
• Vitamins and minerals – help our body stay healthy and strong, even if we
only need small amounts.
🐸 6. Life Cycles of Animals
• Every living thing grows and changes in stages called a life cycle.
• Examples:
• Grasshopper: egg → nymph → adult
• Butterfly: egg → caterpillar (larva) → pupa → adult
• Mosquito: egg → larva → pupa → adult
🌴 7. Plant Adaptations
• Some plants have special features that help them live in their
environment.
• Example: The coconut tree has seeds that float on water, so they can
travel and grow in new places.
💧 8. Plant Experiments
• Plants absorb water through their roots. If a plant is placed in water, the
water level goes down after a few days because the plant uses it.
• Scientists can test how roots help plants grow by comparing plants with
and without roots.
👕 9. Materials and Fabrics
• Different materials have different properties.
• Fabric is used for school uniforms because it is flexible (soft and
comfortable), not stiff or waterproof