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The document provides an overview of methods in Java, explaining their purpose, syntax, and types, including predefined and user-defined methods. It covers concepts such as method overloading, overriding, access modifiers, and recursion, along with examples for clarity. Additionally, it distinguishes between methods and constructors and includes practical examples and exam-ready short answers related to methods.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
3 views9 pagesMethods in Java
The document provides an overview of methods in Java, explaining their purpose, syntax, and types, including predefined and user-defined methods. It covers concepts such as method overloading, overriding, access modifiers, and recursion, along with examples for clarity. Additionally, it distinguishes between methods and constructors and includes practical examples and exam-ready short answers related to methods.
Uploaded by
zk15505123Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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Methods in Java
1. What is a Method?
Amethodis ablock of codethat performs aspecifictaskand runsonly when it is called.
👉 Methods help incode reuse, readability, and modularity.
2. Why Methods Are Used
● Avoid code repetition
● Divide program into small parts
● Easy debugging & maintenance
● Improves readability
● Supports reusability
3. Method Syntax in Java
accessModifier returnType methodName(parameters) {
// method body
return value;
// optional
}
Example:
public int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
4. Parts of a Method
Part Explanation
Access modifier Visibility of method
Return type alue returned (
V voidif
none)
Method name Identifier
Parameters Input values
Method body Code to execute
return Sends value back
5. Types of Methods in Java
(A) Predefined (Built-in) Methods
Provided by Java API.
Examples:
[Link]()
[Link]()
[Link]()
(B) User-Defined Methods
Created by programmer.
void greet() {
[Link]("Hello");
}
6. Based on Return Type
(A) Method with Return Value
int square(int x) {
return x * x;
}
(B) Method without Return Value (
void
)
void display() {
[Link]("Java");
}
7. Based on Parameters
(A) Method with Parameters
int sum(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
(B) Method without Parameters
void show() {
[Link]("No parameters");
}
8. Calling a Method
(A) Calling Non-Static Method
MyClass obj = new MyClass();
[Link](5, 3);
(B) Calling Static Method
[Link](5, 3);
9. Static Methods
● Belong to class, not object
● Called using class name
static void hello() {
[Link]("Hello");
}
Common Static Methods
[Link]()
[Link]()
[Link]()
10. Method Overloading
Same method name, different parameters
Rules:
● Different number or type of parameters
● Return type alone is NOT enough
int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
double add(double a, double b) {
return a + b;
}
✔ Compile-time polymorphism
11. Method Overriding
Child class provides its own version of parent method
Rules:
● Same name
● Same parameters
● IS-A relationship (inheritance)
class Parent {
void show() {
[Link]("Parent");
}
}
class Child extends Parent {
void show() {
[Link]("Child");
}
}
✔ Run-time polymorphism
12. Access Modifiers in Methods
Modifier Scope
public
Everywhere
protect P
ackage +
ed
subclass
default Same package
private Same class
13. Final Methods
● Cannot be overridden
final void display() {
[Link]("Fixed");
}
14. Abstract Methods
● No body
● Must be implemented by subclass
abstract class Shape {
abstract void draw();
}
15. Passing Parameters to Methods
Call by Value (Java uses this)
void change(int x) {
x = 10;
}
✔ Original value unchanged
Passing Object Reference
void change(Student s) {
[Link] = 90;
}
✔ Object data changes
16. Varargs Method (
...
)
Allows variable number of arguments.
int sum(int... nums) {
int total = 0;
for(int n : nums)
total += n;
return total;
}
17. Recursion (Method Calling Itself)
int fact(int n) {
if(n == 1)
return 1;
return n * fact(n - 1);
}
18. Method vs Constructor
Method Constructor
Has return type No return type
Called explicitly Called automatically
Any name ame as class
S
name
19. Real-Life Examples
● Login validation method
● Calculation method
● File reading method
● Database access method
20. Complete Example
class Calculator {
static int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
static void greet() {
[Link]("Welcome");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
greet();
[Link](add(5, 3));
}
}
21. Exam-Ready Short Answers
: Can a method return multiple values?
Q
❌
No (use object/array)
: Can we overload main method?
Q
✔ Yes
: Can we override static method?
Q
❌
No
: Can abstract class have non-abstract methods?
Q
✔ Yes