UNIT 5.

INVENTIONS
A. PRONUNCIATION
I. Put the words in the correct columns according to the stressed syllable.
chemistry, formula, advantage, solution, engineer, battery, department, photograph, employee,
instrument, consciousness, proposal, appearance, telescope, potential, kangaroo, government,
character, agreement, holiday, professor, procession, referee, company, foundation, document,
statistics, afternoon, camera, producer, customer, refugee, container, discompose, scientist,
adapter, Vietnamese, century, discipline, survival
Stress on the first syllable Stress on the second syllable Stress on the third
syllable
II. Choose the word that has different stress pattern.
1. A. radio B. computer C. video D. energy
2. A. equipment B. telephone C. adventure D. pollutant
3. A. processor B. history C. business D. volunteer
4. A. internet B. performance C. explorer D. invention
5. A. memory B. library C. equation D. industry
B. VOCABULARY
I. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
storage space experiments device equipment RAM
Artificial
Intelligence store laboratory displayed processor
1. I think the uploading failed because my photos weren’t _________ on the screen.
2. Cloud storage allows you to _________ and retrieve your files from anywhere in the world.
3. Lots of _________ have been conducted in order to find out a vaccine that can prevent
cancers.
4. A computer is described as an electronic _________ because it is made up of electronic
components and uses electric energy to operate.
5. _________ is like the brain of a smartphone, and almost everything you do on your
smartphone, more or less depends on it.
6. Potential new medicines are tested first in the _________ and then in human volunteers, in
studies called clinical trials.
7. _________ , stands for Random Access Memory, can be found in servers, computers, tablets,
smartphones, printers, and some other digital devices.
8. Healthcare facilities now have opportunities to equip themselves with modern _________ ,
including robots, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and respirators.
9. As the technology continues to develop, we can expect to see more amazing and lifechanging
applications of _________ in the future.
10. _________ in computer technology is measured in byte such as kilobyte (KB), megabyte
(MB), gigabyte (GB), terabyte (TB), petabyte (PB), exabyte (EB), etc.
II. Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.
1. An operating system is the most important (software/ hardware) that runs on a computer.
2. Read-only memory, or (RAM/ ROM), is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and
other electronic devices.
3. Are computer-controlled (robots/ humans) taking over manual jobs in many industries?
4. A graphic (programmer/ designer) creates visuals for all kinds of projects, from websites to
print ads.
5. Laptops for video editing need a lot of RAM as well as (heavy/ light)-duty graphics cards to
accelerate video rendering.
6. (Speed/ Memory) is what your computer uses to store data temporarily, while storage is where
you save files permanently.

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7. (Online/ Offline) gaming allows connected players from around the world to challenge each
other while they are sitting at home.
8. (Gigabyte/ Gigahertz) is commonly used to measure computer processing speed, alternating
current, and electromagnetic frequencies.
9. A system (user/ administrator) is a professional who maintains computer systems, servers, and
networks of their clients.
10. With this setting, if you hold your phone motionlessly, it can shoot (automatically/
manually), so you don’t have to press any button.
III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. ______ are small and compact to literally fit on your lap - that’s why they’re called that.
A. Smartphones B. Laptops C. Desktops D. Computers
2. A ______ is an integrated electronic circuit that performs the calculations that run a computer.
A. battery B. processor C. display screen D. charger
3. This phone tripod has a ______ design, so it can be carried around without taking up space.
A. compact B. modern C. useful D. smart
4. ______, AI is used to collect information about traffic and help the police deal with
congestion.
A. In transport B. At school C. At work D. At home
5. Jim performs an ______ to determine how much sugar can be dissolved in 250 millilitres of
water at 25 degrees Celsius.
A. instrument B. equipment C. experiment D. experience
6. Has AI already had a significant influence on ______ areas of life and across different sectors
and fields?
A. convenient B. valuable C. various D. effective
7. One way to improve how robots communicate with humans is by training them to ______
basic emotions, such as sadness, happiness, fear and anger.
A. communicate B. act C. apply D. express
8. ______ have changed the way classrooms and schools are managed and the way students are
taught.
A. Home robots B. Customer service chatbots
C. Booking software D. Educational apps
9. AI gives a device intelligence that is similar to or attempts to ______ human intelligence.
A. invent B. discover C. copy D. develop
10. There are many reasons to consider a thin, ______ laptop, particularly when you need to
travel a lot.
A. lightweight B. expensive C. fashionable D. intelligent
IV. Supply the correct form of the word in the brackets.
1. Franklin was a scientist, an _________ , and a politician. (invent)
2. A _________ car is a vehicle capable of sensing its environment and operating without human
involvement. (driver)
3. He is not only an expert in technologies but also very _________ . (communicate)
4. Any _________ must perform the basic functionality of sending electricity into your phone’s
battery to charge it up. (charge)
5. App _________ understand coding languages and usually work alongside graphic artists, data
scientists, and other software experts. (develop)
6. A private car gives a much greater degree of comfort and _________ . (mobile)
7. Using a vacuum cleaner for home the right way helps in cleaning _________ and thus gives
you a cleaner house in less effort and time. (effect)
8. Are graduate students with serious technical and _________ skills still in big demand?
(programme)

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9. 3D printing is a method of creating a three _________ object layer-by-layer using a computer
created design. (dimension)
10. Tim Berners-Lee, a British scientist, _________ the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1989.
(invent)
C. GRAMMAR
I. Complete the sentences, using the present perfect and the verbs in the box.
create lead postpone come work
realise finish devote become miss
1. Inventors’ stories and journeys _________ us to where we are today.
2. She _________ (not) in the Artificial Intelligence Lab at MIT throughout her career.
3. _________ (you, only) recently that animation involves coding to be able to work?
4. With a passion for inventing, scientists _________ their life to enhancing human capabilities.
5. It’s amazing to see how far communication _________ in the past decades.
6. I _________ (just) updating a piece of the firmware code for our wearable device.
7. National parks _________ opening summer camp programs until at least July.
8. Bluetooth is featured in a wide range of devices and _________ an integral part of many
people’s daily lives.
9. During the millennia of its history, mankind _________ numerous technological innovations.
10. _________ (the doctor) mentioning side effects of the drug in the meeting?
II. Supply the correct tense of the verbs in the brackets.
1. 3D printers as we know them today _________ (begin) in the 1980s.
2. In the past 20 years, capabilities of smartphones _________ (improve) enormously.
3. Silk, one of the oldest fibres, _________ (originate) in China as early as 6,000 years ago.
4. How _________ (humans, make) technological advancements in the last 50 years?
5. First developed in 2004, Facebook _________ (not be) the first social media website.
6. It wasn’t until the 2000s that electric cars _________ (build) on a large scale.
7. Over the years, SpaceX _________ (work) on making their rockets more reliable.
8. Gunpowder _________ (invent) by Chinese Taoist alchemists about 1000 A.D.
9. Can you choose three major inventions that _________ (ever lead) to successful products?
10. Google Maps app _________ (make) getting lost virtually impossible since the date it
_________ (introduce).
11. In August 2012, Google _________ (announce) that its automated vehicles had completed
over 300,000 miles of driving, accident-free.
12. In November 2007, Amazon _________ (release) the Kindle. Since then, millions of people
_________ (experience) a new way of reading with a large number of e-readers.
13. With the developing of the internet and technology in the past decades, the ability to stream
audio and video _________ (change) the way we entertain.
14. Launched in August 2003, Skype _________ (transform) the way that people communicate
across borders.
15. How many technological devices _________ (humans, manufacture) since the dawn of the
new millennium?
16. Paper _________ (exist) in China in 105 A.C, but Cai Lun (ca. 50 AD - 121) _________
(drive) its widespread adoption.
17. _________ (the compass, invent) by the Chinese between the 2nd century BC and 1st
century AD?
18. The Chinese are responsible for countless inventions that _________ (help) shape the world
history up to now.
19. In 2014, Curiosity, the rover _________ (uncover) one of the biggest space discoveries of
this millennium when it _________ (find) water under the surface of Mars.
20. L’Oreal _________ (devote) itself to beauty for over 100 years, and L’Oreal Water Saver
_________ (name) in Time’s 100 Best Inventions of 2021.

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III. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the brackets, using gerunds or to-infinitives.
1. It’s hard _________ (imagine) the work in warehouses without the barcode.
2. Consider _________ (change) passwords on a regular basis to protect your valuable data.
3. Is it possible for us _________ (live) in a world without airplanes and other aircrafts?
4. The doctor won’t allow us _________ (see) Anna until the anesthesia wears off and she’s
awake.
5. Anyone with a smartphone can use GPS to avoid _________ (get) lost in an unfamiliar city.
6. Many people want _________ (be) popular on the internet, but it isn’t awful _________ (be)
unpopular.
7. He doesn’t enjoy _________ (take) tests, but otherwise _________ (learn) can usually be fun.
8. It’s brilliant _________ (see) this website giving such good coverage of science.
9. We have finished _________ (upload) our past episodes onto the cloud storage.
10. Would you mind _________ (share) with us which blogging platform you’re using?
11. I regret _________ (say) that our summer camping is postponed for this year.
12. It’s difficult _________ (survive) a business without adopting computer usage.
13. When he became a manager, he stopped _________ (code) as part of his daily job.
14. They missed _________ (send) data for a while because of the internet disruption.
15. It’s challenging _________ (predict) what computers will be like in the future.
16. I wonder whether students in technology field like _________ (study) history or not.
17. It’s interesting _________ (discuss) how modern technology impacts the music industry.
18. It’s good _________ (have) a back-up for your data before ________ (reinstall) your
operating system.
19. It must be fascinating _________ (say) we invented something whether it be small or big.
20. It isn’t awful _________ (give) youngsters innovative apparatuses like smartphones, tablets,
PCs, and so forth for their studying.
IV. Choose the best options to complete the sentences.
1. (To listening/ Listen/ To listen) to a speaker who reads from a prepared speech is really
boring.
2. You should avoid (use/ to use/ using) your smartphone, laptop, and tablet for at least an hour
before going to sleep every night.
3. With this very high-quality software product you’ll find the programmers (to have/ having/
have) talent in computing.
4. With the lightbulb, it was nice for humans (be/ to be/ being) able to enjoy their evening hours.
5. (Living/ Lived/ Live) at a time of such technological and software development is wonderful.
6. Some people might think it’s strange (call/ to call/ calling) a wheel and axle a machine, but it’s
true.
7. The developer missed (to show/ showing/ show) his team leader some errors which were
present in the code.
8. Is there an app that lets me (delete/ deleting/ to delete) a text message I might have regretted
sending?
9. They invited inventors to seriously consider (joining/ join/ to join) their patent nonaggression
community.
10. (To consider/ Consider/ Considered) whether we are creating new tech or the tech is
recreating us is confusing.
11. Are there many students who enjoy (using/ to use/ use) old-school pencils and paper?
12. An hour of listening to music can make you (focusing/ focus/ to focus) faster and deeper, and
learning will be easier.
13. Human beings always keep (move/ to move/ moving) forward with the struggle of getting the
best out of worst.
14. It’s beautiful (to see/ see/ seeing) how far tech has brought us and what the future has to
offer.

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15. Heavy workloads make it hard for many people to resist (work/ to work/ working) from
home outside office hours.
16. His commitment and interest in technology saw him (changing/ change/ to change) industries
and move into energy management.
17. (To acknowledged/ Acknowledge/ Acknowledging) that we sometimes prefer distance over
connection is uncomfortable.
18. I wouldn’t mind (compose/ composing/ to compose) a review on most of the videos you
made in relation to technology.
19. It’s important (remember/ to remember/ remembering) that vaccines have saved more lives
than any other invention in human history.
20. Why don’t you describe your idea to our salesman, and he’ll have the designer (draw/ to
draw/ drawing) the picture?
V. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. Never quit ______ because education is so important ______ your future career.
A. studying - to build B. to study - building
C. studying - building D. to study - to build
2. For decades, many universities ______ steps to commercialize their own technology.
A. resisted taking B. resisted to take
C. have resisted to take D. have resisted taking
3. The program ______, and I tried ______ F5 key, but it ______ no difference.
A. hasn’t responded - press - make B. didn’t respond - pressing - made
C. didn’t respond - to press - makes D. didn’t respond - pressing - making
4. After you ______ the product, you can keep it and use it further at will.
A. have finished to test B. finished test
C. have finished testing D. finish to testing
5. When ______ an electric tool change sequence, it is important ______ on and off the electric
flow.
A. to run - remembering to switch B. running - remember switching
C. run - to remember switching D. running - to remember to switch
6. The software surely needs ______ autosave on in case users forget ______ manually.
A. to have - to save B. having - saving C. have - to save D. to have - save
7. It’s great ______ consumers as much choice as possible when it ______ their smart home.
A. offering - to come manage B. to offer - comes to managing
C. to offer - came managing D. offering - comes to manage
8. The online game server ______ and had to ______ because so many users ______ it.
A. stops working - service - played
B. stopped working - be serviced - were playing
C. stopped to work - service - played
D. stopped to work - be serviced - have played
9. ______ which inventions ______ the most influence on us so far ______ really hard.
A. Choosing - have had - is B. Choosing - to have - is
C. To choose - had - are D. To choose - having - are
10. ______ a file in another browser and ______ whether the issue still persists?
A. Have you tried to download - check B. Did you try to download - checking
C. Have you tried downloading - checked D. Did you try downloading - to check
11. What is the longest time you ______ an update on one of your devices?
A. ever delayed to install B. have ever delayed to be installed
C. ever delayed install D. have ever delayed installing
12. My grandpa still remembers ______ a mechanical knob to tune into one of 12 stations that
his TV ______ capable of displaying those days.
A. turning - be B. to turn - is C. turning - was D. to turn - being

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13. Recently there ______ feedback from swimmers that it’s boring ______ without the internet.
A. are - to swim B. has been - to swim C. was -to swim D. were-swimming
14. Since the last pandemic, many organizations ______ pace and ______ technologies under the
guise of saving money.
A. don’t keep - even delay updating
B. didn’t keep - haven’t even delayed to update
C. weren’t keeping - even delayed to update
D. haven’t kept - have even delayed updating
15. The boy couldn’t avoid ______ at his phone, and it was unable for him ______ a meal
without the interruption of the notifications.
A. glancing - to have B. to glance - to have C. glancing - having D. to glance
- having
16. It’s funny ______ back a few decades when people once ______ with dial-up internet
connection or phones that ______ to the wall with a cord.
A. looking - living - stuck B. to look - lived - were stuck
C. looking - lived - were sticking D. to look - have lived - stick
17. It’s cool ______ a perfect recall, but it’s terrible ______ that your memory could ______ by
AI.
A. to have - to think - to hijack B. to have - thinking - hijacked
C. to have - to think - be hijacked D. having - to think - be hijacking
18. It’s brilliant ______ innovative companies ______ new engineers, technologists and
scientists into the education sector.
A. to see - to encourage B. see - encourage
C. seeing - encouraging D. to see - encouraging
19. Matt Clifford ______ at Cambridge and MIT, ______ in consulting, but quit ______
Entrepreneur First.
A. studied - worked - to start B. studied - has worked - started
C. studied - worked - started D. has studied - worked - starting
20. It’s funny ______, but the phones we carry in our pockets ______ some of history’s most
powerful cameras.
A. to think - to contain B. thinking - containing
C. to think - contain D. think - contained
VI. Choose the underlined part that needs correcting.
1. It’s not exaggeration to say the invention of the printing press revolutionized the
A B C
world we live in.
D
2. The new-age fast-paced consumers are a bit impatient and disliking waiting for
A B C
their turn.
D
3. It’s amazed to think how far cars have come and where the technology will go down
A B C D
the road.
4. It’s funny to think that people are now willing throwing loads of different types of
A B C
technology at their body.
D
5. When testing an upgraded system, you can keep the original system until you finished
A B C D
testing the upgraded system.

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6. Because of reverse engineering, it’s harder to keep product inventions secretly compared
A B C
with new processes.
D
7. Are you willing to postpone to receive an immediate reward in order to gain additional
A B C D
benefits in the future?
8. Don’t save your files to public computers to avoid being damaged by computer viruses
A B
or caused damage to other computer users.
C D
9. In 1939, Katherine graduated from West Virginia’s University, then she went on working
A B C D
in a NASA laboratory.
10. Sometimes it’s good to took a step back and reflect on what’s new, what’s improved,
A B C
and how things used to be.
D
D. READING
I. Read the passage and choose the best answers to fill in the blanks.
Vaccines have led to the eradication of life-threatening or life-debilitating diseases. Smallpox,
for example, was one of the most contagious and (1) _________ diseases, claiming the life of
300 million people between the years of 1900-1920. It has since been (2) _________ because of
a vaccine.
Additionally, other (3) _________ such as rubella, polio, measles, mumps, chickenpox, and
typhoid are nowhere near as common as they were a hundred years ago thanks to widespread
vaccination programs. We are now (4) _________ an epidemic of HPV related malignancies in
young people, specifically throat, anus and cervical cancers that can hopefully also be curtailed
by early (5) _________ with the newly developed HPV vaccine.
(6) _________ the vast majority of people are vaccinated, it is much more difficult for an
outbreak of disease to occur, let alone spread. This effect is (7) _________ herd immunity -
a concept that has been discussed as a “tool” to combat Covid-19. “Natural” herd immunity,
without the hope of a vaccine would require (8) _________ of 60-70% infection - without
guarantee of success.
Simply, vaccines are one of the most important inventions in human history.
1. A. death B. dead C. died D. deadly
2. A. cured B. eradicated C. treated D. spread
3. A. symptoms B. prescriptions C. diseases D. medicines
4. A. facing B. eradicating C. dealing D. experimenting
5. A. vaccines B. vaccinate C. vaccinated D. vaccination
6. A. Although B. Unless C. As long as D. As well as
7. A. called B. told C. said D. talked
8. A. forwards B. upwards C. towards D. outwards
II. Read the passage and choose the best answers to the questions.
Israeli start-up ElectReon developed a wireless “smart road” system that charges electric vehicles
(EVs) while in full motion. The wireless charging system was named in the annual list of TIME
magazine’s 100 Best Inventions for 2021.
Founded in 2013, ElectReon’s wireless charging system uses copper coils laid beneath the
asphalt to transfer energy from the electricity grid to the road and to manage communication
with approaching vehicles. Receivers are installed on the floor of the vehicles to transmit the

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energy directly to the engine and the battery while the vehicles are on the go, doing away with
concerns about limited driving range and short battery lifespans.
The company signed a new deal with the Tel Aviv-Jaffa Municipality and the Dan Bus Company
to launch a large-scale commercial deployment of its wireless charging infrastructure to power
electric buses in Tel Aviv. In summer 2021, ElectReon welcomed former Israeli president
Reuven Rivlin as company president to “enhance the company’s collaboration with governments
and global companies, as well as to share our activities with decision-makers around the world.”
ElectReon is based in the northern Israeli community of Beit Yannai. It has a number of running
partnerships in Europe to pilot its smart road tech in Germany, France and Belgium. In Sweden,
ElectReon has installed a 1.65-kilometre electric stretch used by a bus and a truck on the 4.1
kilometres route between the airport and town centre of Visby on Gotland Island.
“We are honoured by the recognition of ElectReon’s wireless charging solution by TIME as we
work to spread awareness on the viability of this technology in maximizing fleet owner vehicle
efficiencies, eliminating the cost of fuel, and reducing their full lifecycle carbon emissions,” said
ElectReon CEO Oren Ezer in a statement. “As we rapidly scale our deployments around the
world, we envision this technology to play a key role in accelerating the mass transition towards
total electrification and we look forward to continuing to build the transportation infrastructure
of tomorrow with the ongoing outstanding support from our industry and governmental partners
we have experienced until now.”
ElectReon was listed in the transportation category.
1. What is the passage mainly about?
A. ElectReon as a start-up company in technology
B. An invention of Israeli in transportation
C. Solutions to build transportation infrastructure
D. People’s concerns about new charging systems
2. What is true about ElectReon’s invention?
A. The wireless charging system actually has a wire.
B. Drivers don’t have to drive their cars while charging.
C. Moving vehicles are charged without a wired charger.
D. Vehicles can stop to be charged anywhere alongside the road.
3. The word ‘launch’ in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.
A. start B. take place C. set up D. release
4. What are the main benefits of ElectReon’s wireless charging system?
A. Limiting driving range and shortening battery lifespans of vehicles
B. Powering electric buses as well as other vehicles so that they won’t have to run on fossil
fuels
C. Enhancing the ElectReon’s collaboration and sharing their invention with governments and
global companies
D. Maximizing fleet owner vehicle efficiencies, eliminating the cost of fuel, and reducing
their full lifecycle carbon emissions
5. We learn from the passage that ______.
A. vehicles don’t need a battery with the new wireless charging system
B. Reuven Rivlin used to be the president of Israel
C. Oren Ezer is both the CEO and the president of ElectReon
D. ElectReon built their system in all countries in Europe in 2021
E. WRITING
I. Complete the second sentence, using the present perfect.
1. They’ve never made such a big rocket before.
It’s the
2. It is ages since she read about greatest inventions.
She hasn’t

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3. Kristina started to work at NASA twelve years ago.
Kristina has
4. I haven’t seen Asimo robot in real life before.
It’s the first time
5. When did the system start to behave abnormally?
How long ?
6. This is the first time I’ve heard about quantum computing.
I haven’t
7. He last attended a robot exhibition when he visited Japan.
He hasn’t
8. Anthony last used his desktop when he bought a laptop.
Anthony hasn’t
9. The real-world value of AI was clearer than it had ever been before.
The real-world value of AI
10. The last time the phone updated its operating system was six months ago.
The phone hasn’t
II. Complete the second sentence, using gerunds or to-infinitives.
1. That old desktop is not worth being repaired.
It is pointless
2. Bill is interested in studying AI in a well-known university.
Bill enjoys
3. I’d rather not download the applications from untrusted sources.
I don’t really want
4. You don’t need to be present on all social media platforms.
It isn’t necessary for you
5. She’s always happy when she buys modern household appliances.
She fancies
6. The application can’t run smoothly with such slow WiFi speed.
It’s impossible for the application
7. I would like you to help me to fix critical bugs in this software.
Do you mind
8. You must have an internet connection in order to study online.
It’s mandatory for you
9. Andrew finally succeeded in installing the latest update of the operating system.
Andrew finally managed
10. Most experienced users don’t let the browser automatically open unwanted websites.
Most experienced users don’t allow

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