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Control System

The document compares closed-loop and open-loop control systems, highlighting their differences in feedback mechanisms. Closed-loop systems adjust their output based on feedback to achieve desired performance, while open-loop systems operate without such adjustments. Advantages and disadvantages of each system type are discussed, including simplicity and cost-effectiveness for open-loop systems, and increased accuracy and responsiveness for closed-loop systems.

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3 views30 pages

Control System

The document compares closed-loop and open-loop control systems, highlighting their differences in feedback mechanisms. Closed-loop systems adjust their output based on feedback to achieve desired performance, while open-loop systems operate without such adjustments. Advantages and disadvantages of each system type are discussed, including simplicity and cost-effectiveness for open-loop systems, and increased accuracy and responsiveness for closed-loop systems.

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poornimapoorni1817
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
ASSIGNMENT = OL m whib examples . COMPARE cloncd loop & opeo | jor. perfne contciol syste loop contol System. m ts a Syatero that Co chee «a desired atiols the openatio® Of | ouiput. | jaa ol contol syste vanpiher Syste to prs efechtc Fa Regulator. ® open wep contol syste t 5 loop Control System ot. ged back 10 the e ovtput fs correct or not. @) Poh oviput oialg, ToAeret | | | dn 88 Bs a System fo wohFch ‘the. fopul. The Syste doy. not output fs check whether th popu. bt conboling Ps dependent % ur aor. changes io aA Syptco fn wh actioo oF rs ent ob, OPP output Of abe system: BLock O10 BRAM. m0 GROEN” | vith = atl Pelee Controlter Process controlled ovtpuy | tie sytem \ e(ty CCS) a po | 20s) © Gn a open loop ayer Cnateolled action £4 fn dependeat 9 clstacd ovtpl y Bete Taye synat. pestredt | Redays 10 | _—I Time fae Legnt , actual Trayffe stem | | | ota ii Hraysec Afght Contaollen . athe cred, yeltoww and gaeed Lights change quiomar realty opie a pixed wtfme - a q "4 t vehicles ane watt?ng 00 -ike gyater dots | =the oad: [the signal chao | 4 q © Advantage: » Sfmple © EoAy. Mainted 2 dems @xpenshyr © NOt agecte d by © Slmple +0 denig | © plaadvootag: \° Such Systcerns aor o This Systems at external 00 o Recalté paation Oo} the Co apt check how Many 4 only’ bared on the time. Po comtanction an ce. paoblems 0}, eratability, Dn. Mnacemnate aod unoacallable. ac Pnactumaic sesult Ty the ane vaafasi oo Ff Pron ment. mae 10 timer, nioplter 66 aequied 41 @® GwSero LOOP COKTROL SYSTEM wt clored looP Control System Fs a System fy whith the ovtput Ps fed back to “he fopat to Contil the system» “ihe System checks ape ootput aod maksA Conections 4 needed. prock DTAGRAM err _ oa Contsol | Reference slement | Syste ry Enpot a | | Contoolled | votpat | | element | ——_——_—_—_ | Example 7 AG auird — —_—_— | uecad 9, St oe [aed |e i —= LOvAl Aempenialine —Temperalur| wor. = - 4G am aba Conditioner Set the dered -tempenatort- aay cootionvAly ehecks the “THOM 4emprnature +O) the aempenatore chang the Systm adjumts the cooling antoenaaticatty . Advantage. (e INcmeavxe actunacy © Prdoce epyece Of, npnlinranity aod diataodioo lo Feedback can gaithfulley Replace the (put. oa ely leancmecxe bandwidth oo which the Syitte TPP a | Disadvantages; © Mone expenmluc * Compler dentgo + Reduce tae gain Of the Sypter, 08. Fo the Nechantcal System Shown Io El Q Ib) , wate Ake Mechanfeat” metwomk , equilibrium. equations and obtain the eectatal. netwoats board 09 F-¥ ooolegy. Lr ee dt ode 2, 2 dz,G) | FQ) =H, d?[Link]) 8, a + Ki.C) ~ x, Ct] | até —_ wWKT Fomce - voting’ poaloga. rev, x(t) 9 yt), u—eb, 6-7 Fk, K~>'/e Replace vce) = by $26, mance) +g (c= -4aCt) gotcrms Of cusrent va@)= 4 dS,Ct) oe ° ° or 4 B, 2 Ct) +t Ee (aco - &C#)) dt: at node ts . De Ny Ma ACO ps dt, Ky ry Ct) + K, (%6C1D. - 2 ct] dv? dt wer F-V Analogg aR -K—7 IG Replace F-V, xt) —> gct)» M rh, B= bs PACD po gsc) +E £ayCt) eb [vet) - 4, CJ dt? @) do Eros of current « o= ty of 8B), ° > ° He ager d [20 dt ++ See ~o,CeJdt + Electortca} Nekwosk- 08. Flod athe Ft — L ‘OarCe - Vol ee - Gal syste. “toon analogous elactatcal netonis wae , an pevale ot: lectiécol FA \ mechanétal aqertvaleot Anode % pe My, axe, g, dC dis we Be K, 2c 8 1-7,Ct ad dt 7™ 8 CH) o-+# “Force - voltage analogy . : 7” 1 pov, «cb 7 y mob ge, woe ine 0 d24 ct) @) t day . Me | @) | / deh Ce} Ra bh ct) 4b ficoat aR, [2.4 ~ 9c) xt pode 4. oe My OO, Bo dw pox ce) 4 By ABAD - Crd] he dt dt “Replace the oF -V pnalogy F—+v, 4G) —> 4), M—2 6, B-7R, Keble goct) + % [Malt las CO] o- 49 2400) Ry ast), 1 H. da até a oS ) a Oz be PHO, p Bory 4 “(ac 4+ Py { foCL) - tC) dts G - oa. Deatoe the dffereotfal equation gourotng “Ihe Mechanical aotational Syatcm §6000 fo ia © Diow -the Equivalent volidhe and cursent analog 4 CRreutta. a a as # 8, TG) = 30, Fi once, zi 00, ky [0,ct) — est] volage sigh . d > eo, 87 Toru, Tozb, B-7k, KC Vor bi deqjCe) p, a. - - (4 co — 40] at? : - . ing jee ae Bh +a (4a) -Bwdt. wor Current analog |. ; T+, soc, 38> Ye, kare ond " 8 G, 499,00 , 69, Le [900 - Aoo]ae- | ae oe | @) \ f=G, ch) 4 - Te CdOE) 1 vcd 4 Jued-Wld te cH Os 0 ty de Malt) g desl see), ky ae 4 &,(0,C4)- - BCAA E dt? voltage analogs T-U, Th, BHR, Re OG = deg A240) gp daolt) ; : 4 Fe Tent Le WO tL Fics) “Ys CH] O = de di 392, @» dmc) (es 1 e “(Pp ° aes es + fo oe Fe S8CO 1 Fi - faced at “‘aorient Analy . gf yore, 8-7 JR, Kr '/o. Od Twa, deg), 1. Ags) vt * Y w= PAE pe MMe OOH iL BO BD @) + Gy HOEY 9, BC pb, freed + Ff wo -vicod jt Sato athe Geta bn00. F comider Ty = Tkgen°. k)= tM@|rad, Ky By = IMm {mad [AG 1 By | Oe PZT _ g. @)Flod the tonsfer ff ztalmfrad . By? I Me frad face | Soleelinn.¢ at mode 6, Ta) 2d ae, kal oci)-BeG] +8 a sfacd -Pe9) 42 | daplace tramfor® rr¢s) = 4,86, 4 ,fo,-) + 80% 8) L © 0 Ko OC) + Byrd O04 Bid [OCD “oCy+ Ky a's en U+G daplace barqore . oe) O- dy Poly’ once) 4 G6 GCE) + BSL ° a Kg, 2 teolacd , Ka = Su balitate the valew T= sd ani a B= 1 Neliad lec, Boe NON Ja kf 03-8 | Nm] aad 168) = 50,4 &[0,-Ov) 1@:~®) | 16) = 6% g1Do,-GIN% —7® O= Qg4 80, 4 COo-O%) + $(Os°O1) —Cs41)0,4 @st9)Q —> @ eal (811) 6,= @8 49), 6, = alsie,. 20, S41 £qu°0) +05) < (89 841) C 9%) ~ (811% TCs) = [96919849 — CAt1)] By TCS) = (9694641) % O55) - ! GCS) = = Gs) ~ an®y atl, Dee amen ike macchanical oetwomk fo the Syst Shoo. to [eq |r 900 fi 4 q! waite the Equation Of performance aod chaw tl's analogous Cer cut bawd one force voltoge analogy: Jnr X1 EE [exe : -r28 ro Jy, pee Lorem —| Fey | rely | ri [y- Ry ka, ko at node 1 ¢ FC) = M1 det), B, dx, 4,70, 4 Be (a,ce) - re] “at -ye, Kole ye alt), MP BBP Ct) - Volt) 4 € peplace Fu, XC) 1 ve by a2), e dol; aL nC4 Ge (a dt? dt p- dy di. dx @) dt dt dt? 24) -teCt) dt vct)= br dC, fy 6H) LEGGE LEO ° At_ovde_%2- ae ond’ =" O= Ms we By Ax), kg %Ct) + Kg (Ct) - 2:0) dt Replace eR ko?! pony, RCO MPG CH), Meh, BEE” Ia © te AoCt) “dl? eee % Lat) 4 [480 - ~ qi) ) s be oe By BEAD Ae LCOIG, f fal) - #,Ct) dA = 3. 7 ee. ky [@CO - CH] Poplace F~rV, C4) 2 4,Ctd, Mob, BR KO eo | 0 = te A 7 1 [agCt) ~ 4] | @ os dg ded, Frc -eendt a Ri on \ ye “2 oe e DF what aa -the Vestables And slenaenta oF +ranslational mbtion ? Eom -lhe |nechantcal Syste sbocon i Fig. : 1) wattle tee diftereotio) equation Of pragor mance po F-VG& FoI analogou Gf praw and waite loop & nodal equ bared geinork.. Biot xy pa x %, A 2 2 4 ee) M ke 4 ' AN evereeey Ma Ky (sow s- Translation motion fs defined hos a Motion fo a Straight line | | Vorfables ant : oman Of the System | |2 Dampto g of the Systcen ° Frftctroo CK] Gd Spring. ls mons _ (MJ F(t) = m déx Ct) dt? E(s) = 68x Cs), FCO = K xt) * {C) FCs) = k x(s) ¥Dasb Port fwamper a q prsplaccarat 7 rce) = 8 axl [Link]), 7rd 7 dt | FG) = gexCs) at onde x, FCt) = mde) B det) act) F ky (ult) ~% CH] Force voltage ? F > V> xt) —79 Ct), M—rb, BPRS ky xc4) —2 iG) VCE) = bi HCO p, dayCe), 1 g,Ct) Hey LUCO- qeCidIdt lt 9 dt? He : = 8-7 fe Ree Force cumment SE —7d, xg, MO [ez L ace = Gr db, 1 AGO, 49,04) + LC 8CO ~ oC] dee 1 dt At ndde Xs O= My 42%), key (x2 Ct) ~ *rCt dt dt? hs _Force vo Hage , F-ty, X@)—¥ GCL), M2, BR, kos ZI Sy c *Ct) —? Bice) OE by dG) 4 1 1) <4 Ct)] 2 dC 5 (qo) ~ WOO] Eoace cammcot 3 F —7dy xr hs df C4 by [foC> cy at? agate CKA SHO ff @ % cated lead - lag Filta. Find i a(S) Fomctiod “ne8) whore Ry “the beamed, = 1ob-% , Rp = BOD K-H + G, “WWF & Cy = Do) ULE G + t- 7 + ied L_wu—! = g = veoct) © at Ry = 100 vet) 5 ele Sed R= 200K. exIO ee tte with ~ G, = BF = 10 ® Ri fo pasate’ aie Gs Co = OslJIF -107 Foom ovt put node. 7 nies WIth ©2 . _ aan BG, = oxo e=10* Wir ete Vg? 2-7 Gnoond ’ ze, -~100 — 3G, 5 rio 7A = ANGE Reto 1 ei> Bag | _R _ gg 2 8x10) Gages Rit "Tec, 1 ASRiG. : ~ axid +10 Fmom ovtput: Sevier pant: na +f ¥o= Rota Vo. axioet ols S “wh 1 4 a xvoo tt 10s wls) xo 4 VCs) wit ep x by sit 10%) Ps vets), Caxi08)8 10 wes) (axin) 5410" 41005 Ciro 4) Yoo Crrto7 #4) = 105 + D-016% veCs) 2x10%6 110" eee Oe WES) 09-0162 Coxigrt 006410 ves) ax 10s +107 viCS) [Link]®+ @pp1D0A #10" lio. Fon -IRe ntechanfcal System shown Fig. -— te ane, dilferental. 1@ Constyct tte. oodal equivaleal cki & welt | Squiations govrmning its dynom?c behauior. © peutep F-v G FE anateg ous CEA wilh relent equations. ki tt Pip x2—>|22 arr i+ Mi fa | See 7 Se a Sia a | |e) [*o, 5k | ae node | 2 a d8ACH), £, dete cd (xiCt) = C47 [Feed = mi dC, $dg Dy teyoeiGt) foal OO] + Kip (xiCed ~ Xa Ct] I | rorce vig Err, ret) —2y Ct), mM—rb, BR, bos bs | _ ee at ale jv = by d* a oe mane Teil + Rio 2 La dy Ct Le [orcad = aed - b i “Re dt an % Bia A dt dt ce. abel + dal 2- S287] @), lac = ody 4 0) spe fatd gy fucr- wa] + hie Sm - we | lav oode Xp = O= myd2net), fs dm), vx Ci) 1 Kg C49 -% Ravers oh : dt por, xa) 2 4, Ct), M-vbL, B-7R, K-7'} | Fev: -enallog 4 Oe by d2a20 [= He BARC, Re day ae [ae +e, [anced -4. CS) Rio ( dan! snc ae) | O = by ah) 2 BOD rae feeds [ae -2C4)+ Ria (et) - 860) de /—___ en | foxe cum pog)x-7gG) MG BYR, Eth |o. Ga dhe a “ (BCD + dg,6)_ ads) dt2 Ry ae, dt | [a dL | te iL foe CL GAG), 1 wlt)4 +, fac) * tn J ae Re * C4) - Vr G)- set Rr oC bo ie ie } ae i 7a leo 2 | Ce) it PCL) | 27 1. bewlor The — eT mechanical Sysitm (pr the porte vis ay Stowe 10 Alo COTLLE Ibe Avera tab force Vig analogous, Crt mechanical syste } Equations goveratng the | ame | al 2 “pT > [* Oy Pe ar node Ly (des da 4 ty (217%) FCHe Me ARCO) We yee TBH ae rae Aaplace. -bansfo7- E(s) = ™ ax, Cs) # kyr, Cs) + 88 (x,Cs) -%o csyJt ky (4, C8)- x, C52} 1 gode % = d o= 8, (fe a. J + Kp [%2Ct) ~ x43] dt = Bs [r2C8)- MCSF K, (208) - xyCsd), 1 noc % d Bal os a) ak [agCt)~ 2109] = Bo S[tgCs)~ xyCs)J b Ka (x8) - x_(s3] PAL_pode ty 1s 1 a (att 985] 4k (euch, Or my det4 Ct) te OS | t a 4 irre mis (aa bg $ (tHC4) - x54) | 1 4 =m, S8xXyCS)4 By S [ayCs- 25089) ky [x4Ca)- 22 C4} Ot apde XE oO = Bal. drt) eae] 4 By tC) at lo=& 8Cx,Cs)- 24 C4} + Kay Xe CO. |e. Distfogaish blo ope lop” & Closed Woop G 8. | Open - loop a | - ctosed loop. (+ A Sgsiem to whch OlP is | system fo which contsolting 7 | dependent of ip. but Condo Gaon aie ([p 1S Same how ha adion fa totaly indepro jdepeadent 0H olP 07 Changing | dent Of olp me changer in. olP CS Cattle d Clomed ‘loop eo O| the Sys tem i LP of ¢ | Contant System. Zona “10 bal ____ ® Difftcat! Gp Burtt smo Stable asthe feedback s joy stable ax ahe Feed bate ta fa absent | abécat . ° . - = 1 ~ See-eee fr Bandwidth Fo Fes + Bandwidin Pe mom 4 @rror detector Ps Abrent! + Error detector PA preene- [x sta Expemtoc— + Economically cheaper ae Paar a a Fg t electric . switch. [+ ext Home, healing” aT. Papyic egal | DC motor, Speed eootrolter: | | sagjected by oo - léneag a oagyected by Rovaniig op —_ the Systcan. Of System la Define A Cootaol System. what aave the arcquirments, > good Fi {Solee %- A Coninol System fs a sqaicen that aequfatty and behauior Of anothen system tO achiuc a. | ATaccts The ut are Knowa bos Gontrol System. dutaed oolp tlp-——|_ proces [ > ol Pp. Systm XRequtaments Of Good Contaot 4 4. ACCUMACY ~ minimal gsrror 6N potput - ation witht osctlation . 2. stab? litty ~ gtcadg open a. Senattiaity - gotck yapone 10 fo put Changes - 4 Lost - epgecticcerm’ - ep preient fo dustgn and maint anance 5. Reliabi ety -comiate Perfor mance uct time. 13. Explain the eects DG Feed BACK of Contzol syste, ¥ dmpoves ciabi lity a make Sysicen more Stable, & Low, Senaitioe oti ors o Bedoces oSaltatiom & powaatt d varti x Teepmovrs Accumacy ; © Negative Feed back redocn Steady ~ State error. © Sysica dIP becomes Cloce tO detred fnput- Y Pp ¥ Redocy Semitiatly to parameter Changer. * System becomrs lows apected by Change « to: Component Enutroomcat a Redoce -Norac Gad dratyy ban ces . PExteinal destumbanca are minfm?zcd- ° Ovtpat becomes snooo-ther © Reduce Gain. © Dormatt system grin deox ans, l2catvon. © Trade - opps betttr accumacy v]6 lower AMP sUmpaouw Bandwidth. teapaourn Bandwidth ° System Can respond 10a wider ronge oF fr ° Font Yeponae to input changer. *Improvrs Speed of Puponre. o Reduces afer time and setting time oSystcm reacts more Qa Fekly N-Doaw the mechanteal: “aeucOoKk toy ake System Shouo Go GR bb. ufatte the Equations Of Performance and drow fa ta ae uA Cet Cement F-Gurent analogy. i 8 Bo ot De aaj) = kfc ~ CJ Tvs ve Ee Laced - alt] lv ye = P= [4c - 6009) ef fCry fe Gy At At Os be be Tae t0) % 8209, 83 4 Coy ced - 2st) W=dD=hi dtogtd, ed aed Rd d_{aact) - -3C%)] “are OF &, dC, [Link]) + Rs Ce Me ~ C40) “ae . 4 (40-43 Tht O= G. degC, 1 a (6,ctdJ 1% qe eat At OL: = 4°90) CO, 4 —aC#) bos + & 8% HHO) +8 Se % > acted] O= dts | pe by GGQCE ‘daa Ct) t rvs0n msg wags 40001 93S 9 | = by 60 226%, A (tye + Pgh CD B®) 3 (g,c0- oe) | (TrID G 365 C4) y 4 1 a $0947 GyCed 4 dt2 Be p= 6.9%, atk vgC#) re fest yl 0 (Ct) dt- dte Po 5 1 d 7 = fe Ye |" waite the distereotial equ? for the System shown fo Fig: 1c M Kk, 200 Dsl sa ott node rt, FCL) = om, dei Ct), Bu dt? Laplace -tramsjor@ aU) aye) 4 HBCt) %o I] dt ECO = H188x,Ce) + B18 XiC8) + Bi XHCS) t ky [¥,089 ~x9C5)} vt ode % 0 = me dC, g(a ce) - 21 C4] dt? toplace stranygorn . 0 = My S2%2CS) + Ke (x,C8)~ * C89) 16. Foa the MechanfGal syaten to Fig” seals m iy Fi ? ———————— equiltbrfum equations add! obtain ay iG) sie ‘tke Mechanfcal. melwoak F —r v analogy - Real: rekoork toned on . % i at onde >) ec = Feo ze Kr Xs see M B By Ky AE node Xr FC4) = mir d8xeCt) Be tec Ky fer C8) - ~[Link])J “ate +) Ftv) = Bpiace abe Movs, BR, Ke es eo Fv) = 4s = a g, a CQ 4 [a,c - act) Hes ve) a4, ste 2, , Ct) oh frco ~f,Ct) dt at node Xp =m dinC) g, ost eect) * Ks [ace] dt® keh $5 Boz Y/R, ex: Replace FOL, xa game, ded) 1 AGED, 1, ggCt + be (Hat) FC] dt? Rr dt = Gs UCL), dec) fi 1s fBeC4) + dy foscey _ wilt) dt: F-v g: £1 SHC) R 840, 4.400 re (aad -nGy] | ee dt G, aie peasant 1% The Fouce voltage Analogy of a mechaofcal metwonk, Dbtako ft’ Analogour mechaoofcal aetwonk be Ro Solu? ¢ - 40 wit oode %1 Ft) =m, dex B20? Ba det) peer Ct ky (x, Cd to] A & (ies 2g 2) EV tf yCa) = ti) PAC) pda) qc) 1-2 (aco qed] 4 ai? a tw Fy [mcd 9900) V(t) = b, d?CO p, 01) +E SiO Ht _[rcry~ iy! “at? ' —(f —?,C1) at G faced RCO zt onde 1 0 APC) dC, Kg (%CH ~ 2,00 fe Bt (00) ry (1) at? ae t Ko Fu =Ork, 420 p, dat) cat WO)" ry 4 Fag)" )| ‘ “de “nt Ce O= ts dBc) PR, PCO its [i, Ct) dt? fey fr Pyle) ft ode x37 Oz es oy, fists) we lyco-™ cu) FV o= “alae aor CagCt) -9 CJ d+ o= ey tag g peorgsyeo-t ci) dt 18 Rod the F-v analogous Elchtcat actenoak: for the qi System Shown fo Fig- act) ka igeo —rahnate Dt once ey o=M d2x,C4), 8 .descQ Ky xiCe) 4B, ‘3 (42 “gee Force — vo tage orale Replace. x Ct) —r Ct), m—vh, BR, Foe, lo eb, PUCY. p dg _ So REE ato 4 R% [aC ~ 49 Ja | ) @) | - eo ¢ : 0 = bP] p, AGO 1 Cec) dt 1B [ECD ~ fale) de “aes at Gi rede, Ct)_ x(t) el ES NIG | pa onde Za Lo eaty P%CD Q dx20) xy (4D 4 By -[%2C0- x, Cede | at? a | -ze, k-TC Fv ooalogy: TUPAC), M—-7h, 8 , | F-2V> | at FOF dy VI) 6 dag, 1 9,01) 4B,

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