According to big bang theory the world came into being

about 4.6 billions years ago.

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 Continents:
1-Asia
2-Europe
3-Africa
4-Australia
5-Antarctica
6-North America
7-South America

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Common terms in geography

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• Creek:
smallest inlet of water.
• Gulf:
larger than creek.
• Bay:
larger than Gulf.
• Bight:
larger than Bay.

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 Bay

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Gulf & Bight

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 Isthmus
• Narrow strip of land connecting two major
land masses, e.g. Panama Isthmus.

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 PENINSULA
• land mass having water on three sides. For
example Iberian peninsula, Arabian peninsula

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 ISLAND
• A land mass having water all around.

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 Plateau ,Hill and Mountain(all are
above sea level)
• Plateau: small height , nearly flat table
land(height in hundred of meters only)
• Hills: less height than mountains( on average
1500 meters high) e.g. Margala Hills.
• Mountains: average height is around 3000
meters) e.g. Andes, Himalayas etc.

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Sea and ocean: sea is a constituent part of the ocean and is
smaller than ocean. An ocean may have many seas in it.

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 STRAIT
• Narrow passage of water between two land
masses, e.g. Gibraltar strait between Spain
and Morocco.

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 DESERT
IDENTIFICATION: REASONS:

• Area far away from sea

• Area characterized by :
• Has got relief/mountain
– Less precipitation: no rainfall
barrier
– Less vegetation: no greenery
– Less inhabitation: no people
• Extreme cold or low
temperature

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 Oceans

• Atlantic
• Arctic
• Southern
• Pacific
• Indian

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 Arctic ocean:
• This region of the planet, north of the Arctic
Circle, includes the Arctic Ocean, Greenland,
Baffin Island and far northern parts of Europe,
Russia (Siberia), Alaska and Canada.

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Indian ocean:

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Continents

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 Asia
 Planet's largest continent,(47) countries

 covers 30 percent of the world's landmass

 Asia include the world's tallest mountain, MOUNT EVERST in Nepal (and
China), 29,035 ft (8,850m).

 world's lowest point, found in the Dead Sea, Israel/Jordan, at 1,286 ft

(392m) below sea level.
 The world's most populated countries, China and India.

 the world's longest coastline,

 the world's deepest lake; Lake Baykal,

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Asia dissection:

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 SAARC(8 countries)
1. Pakistan
2. Afghanistan
3. India
4. Maldives
5. Sri Lanka
6. Bangladesh
7. Nepal
8. Bhutan

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South Eastern countries

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 Middle Eastern Countries(13)
• Middle east+ Iran=13+1=14=Southwest Asia.

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Far Eastern Countries

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Southeast, Southwest and Far-eastern
Countries

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 Caucasian countries(4)
• Called so because of Caucus mountains.
• Countries are:
– Turkey
– Georgia
– Armenia
– Azerbaijan

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Caucasian +Southwest Asian Countries

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CARS(5 countries, tan at end)

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Middle East+CARS+Caucasian…..

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 Europe
• Europe, the planet's 6th largest
continent.
• Includes 50 countries.
• The European continent, bordered by
numerous bodies of water, is separated from
Asia by Russia's Ural Mountains and by the
Caspian and Black Seas. It is separated from
Africa by the Mediterranean Sea.

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 Europe Dissection
• Scandinavian countries
• Baltic states
• Benelux
• Alpine European countries
• British isles
• Iberian peninsula
• Balkan states
• Italian peninsula(boot shaped)

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Europe Dissection

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 Scandinavian countries(5)
• Norway
• Sweden
• Denmark
• Finland
• Iceland

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 Baltics states
• Latvia
• Estonia
• Lithuania

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Scandinavian + Baltic states

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Alpine European Countries

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Balkan states

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Italian peninsula

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East European countries

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 Benelux or low countries(3)
• Where much of the land is at or below sea
level.
• Belgium
• Netherland
• Luxembourg(richest country)
• Polder drainage: area is taken by sea through
groynes.

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 British isles
1-England
2-Scotland
3-Wales
• These three are also called great Britain.
4-Northern tip of Ireland.

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Russian Federation (30 %)in Europe

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 Africa(black continent, Muslim
continent)
• The planet's 2nd largest continent

• Second most-populous continent (after Asia)

• Includes (54) individual countries

• South Sudan is the continent's newest country.

• It also contains the Nile river system, the world's longest, and the massive
Sahara desert, the world's largest.

• Africa is surrounded by the Mediterranean sea to the north, both the Suez
canal and the red sea along the Sinai peninsula to the northeast, the
Indian ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic ocean to the west.

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 Africa

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Physical Africa

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 Suez Canal
• It connects Mediterranean sea with Red sea.

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Political Africa

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Africa outline map

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Americas

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 South America and North America(new
world / discovered world)
• Alaska:
• Exclave of America, purchased from Russia in
1867 in 20 million.
• Latin America(21 countries) is a Linguistic
block and includes countries of South
America(13) and Central America(8).

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 North America
• North America, planet’s 3rd largest continent.
• Includes (23) countries and dozens of
possessions and territories.
• It contains all Caribbean and Central American
countries including Canada, Mexico, the
United States of America, as well as Greenland
- the world’s largest island.

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Central America

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CARIBBEANS:

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 Bermuda Triangle
• A region between Florida ,Bermuda and
Puerto Rico.

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 South America
• South America, planet's 4th largest continent.

• Includes (12) independent countries and (3) major

territories; the Falkland islands, Galapagos islands and
French Guiana.
• The continent contains the world's highest waterfall, angel
falls in Venezuela; the largest river (by volume), the
Amazon river ;the longest mountain range, the Andes and
the driest place on earth, the Atacama desert in chili.
•
It includes the largest rainforest, the Amazon rainforest
;the highest capital city, la paz, Bolivia. The highest
commercially navigable lake in the world, lake Titicaca.

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 South America Sketch Map

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 Antarctica
• Antarctica, almost 98% solid ice, was finally
considered a continent in 1840
• Capital City: none
• Climate: Antarctica is the coldest and windiest
spot on the planet. In fact, the lowest
temperature ever recorded on Earth was
recorded in Antarctica (-129.3ºF)

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 Australia/Oceania.

• OCEANIA, the smallest continent.

Collectively it then combines all of Australia, New Zealand, Papua New

Guinea, as well as the thousands of coral atolls and volcanic islands of
the South Pacific Ocean, including the Melanesia and Polynesia groups.
Oceania also includes Micronesia, a widely scattered group of islands
that run along the northern and southern edges of the Equator.

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Australia Political Map
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 World’s Largest countries:
• Russian federation
• Canada
• USA
• China
World’s smallest countries:
• Vatican city
• Monaco
• Nauru
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 Most populace countries
• China
• India
• USA
least populace countries:
• Vatican
• Tuvalu
• Nauru

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 List of Top 5 Longest Coastlines in the World
Rank Country Coastline Length (KM)
1. Canada 202,080

.2. Indonesia 54,716

3. Green Land 44,087

4. Russia 37,653

5. Philippines 36,289

List of Top 5 Largest Deserts in the World

Total Area (Sq.

Rank Desert Location
KM)
1. Sahara Chad,Eritrea,Algeria,Mali,Niger,Mauritania,Egypt,Tunisia,Wester 9,100,000
n Sahara,Libya,Sudan, and Morocco.
2. Arabian Qatar, United Arab Emirates,Yemen,Oman,Iraq,SaudiArabia, 2,330,000
Jordan and Kuwait
3. Gobi Mongolia and China 1,300,000
4. Kalahari Botswana, SouthAfrica, Namibia and Angola 900,000
5. Patagonian Chile and Argentina 670,000

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CONTIENTS (by Size )
• 1. Asia 44,579,000 sq. km
• 2. Africa 30,221,000 sq. km
• 3. North America 24,256,000 sq. km
• 4. South America 17,819,000 sq. km
• 5. Antarctica 13,209,000 sq. km
• 6. Europe 9,938,000 sq. km
• 7. Australia/Oceania 8,112,000 sq. km
•
CONTINENTS (by Population)
•
• 1. Asia 4,140,336,501
• 2. Africa 1,020,201.229
• 3. Europe 738,523,843
• 4. North America 528,720/588
• 5. South America 385,742,554
• 6. Australia/Oceania 36,102.071
• 7. Antarctica 0

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TOP 10 TALLEST MOUNTAINS
• Mount Everest 9,035 ft (8,850 m) Nepal/China
• Godwin Austin (K2) 28,250 ft. (8,611 m) Pakistan
• Kanchenjunga 28,169 ft. (8,586 m) Nepal
• Lhotse 27,920 ft. (8,501 m) Nepal
• Makalu I 27,765 ft. (8,462 m) Nepal
• Cho Oyo 26,906 ft. (8,201 m) Nepal
• Dhaulagiri 26,794 ft. (8,167 m) Nepal
• Manaslu I 26,758 ft. (8,156 m) Nepal
• Nanga Parbat 26,658 ft. (8,125 m) Pakistan
•

TALLEST MOUNTAINS (by Continent)

•
• Mount Everest 29,035 ft. (8,850 m) Asia
• Aconcagua 22,831 ft. (6,959 m) S. America
• Mount McKinley 20,320 ft. (6,194 m) N. America
• Mount Kilimanjaro 19,563 ft. (5,963 m) Africa
• Mount Elbrus 18,481 ft. (5,633 m) Europe
• Puncak Jaya 16,023 ft. (4,884 m) Oceania
• Vinson Massif 16,066 ft. (4,897 m) Antarctica

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The World's Largest Seas
• 1) Mediterranean Sea
• Area: 1,144,800 square miles (2,965,800 sq. km)
• Average Depth: 4,688 feet (1,429 m)
• Ocean: Atlantic Ocean
• 2) Caribbean Sea
• Area: 1,049,500 square miles (2,718,200 sq. km)
• Average Depth: 8,685 feet (2,647 m)
• Ocean: Atlantic Ocean
• 3) South China Sea
• Area: 895,400 square miles (2,319,000 sq. km)
• Average Depth: 5,419 feet (1,652 m)
• Ocean: Pacific Ocean
• 4) Bering Sea
• Area: 884,900 square miles (2,291,900 sq. km)
• Average Depth: 5,075 feet (1,547 m)
• Ocean: Pacific Ocean
• 5) Gulf of Mexico
• Area: 615,000 square miles (1,592,800 sq. km)
• Average Depth: 4,874 feet (1,486 m)
• Ocean: Atlantic Ocean
• 6) Sea of Okhotsk
• Area: 613,800 square miles (1,589,700 sq. km)
• Average Depth: 2,749 feet (838 m)
• Ocean: Pacific Ocean
• 7) East China Sea
• Area: 482,300 square miles (1,249,200 sq. km)
• Average Depth: 617 feet (188 m)
• Ocean: Pacific Ocean
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World Flags

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Thanks for bearing this presentation!

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