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Memory Organisation Notes RGPV

The document outlines the memory hierarchy in computer architecture, detailing the organization from fastest to slowest types of memory: registers, cache, main memory, secondary memory, and tertiary storage. It describes various types of memory, including volatile (RAM) and non-volatile (ROM), and their roles in data retention and processing speed. The conclusion emphasizes that an effective memory organization is crucial for quick and efficient data access, enhancing overall system performance.

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8 views2 pages

Memory Organisation Notes RGPV

The document outlines the memory hierarchy in computer architecture, detailing the organization from fastest to slowest types of memory: registers, cache, main memory, secondary memory, and tertiary storage. It describes various types of memory, including volatile (RAM) and non-volatile (ROM), and their roles in data retention and processing speed. The conclusion emphasizes that an effective memory organization is crucial for quick and efficient data access, enhancing overall system performance.

Uploaded by

mt.tiwari297
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Memory Organisation in Computer Architecture

1. Memory Hierarchy

Memory is organized in a hierarchy from fastest to slowest:

- Registers - Fastest, inside CPU

- Cache Memory - Fast, between CPU and RAM

- Main Memory (RAM) - Moderate speed, stores active data

- Secondary Memory (HDD/SSD) - Slower, stores long-term data

- Tertiary/Offline Storage - Used for backups and archives

2. Types of Memory

(a) Main Memory (Volatile)

- Communicates directly with CPU

- Loses data when power is off

RAM (Random Access Memory):

- Temporary storage for programs/data in use

- DRAM: Slower, cheaper

- SRAM: Faster, costlier

ROM (Read Only Memory):

- Permanent, non-volatile

- Stores system startup code

- Types: PROM, EPROM, EEPROM

(b) Cache Memory

- High-speed memory between CPU and RAM

- Stores frequently accessed data

- Improves processing speed

(c) Registers
Memory Organisation in Computer Architecture

- Smallest, fastest memory

- Located inside CPU

- Store temporary data and instructions

(d) Secondary (Auxiliary) Memory

- Non-volatile, long-term storage

- Not directly accessible by CPU

- Examples: HDD, SSD, USB, Optical Disks

(e) Tertiary and Offline Memory

- Used for backups (e.g., magnetic tapes)

- Offline devices (e.g., DVDs, external HDD) are not always connected

3. Based on Data Retention

- Volatile Memory: Data lost when power off (e.g., RAM)

- Non-Volatile Memory: Retains data even without power (e.g., ROM, SSD)

4. Memory Organisation in Action

1. Program Load: Loads from SSD/HDD to RAM; cache used for faster execution

2. Accessing Data: CPU checks data in registers -> cache -> RAM -> secondary memory

3. Virtual Memory & Swapping: OS uses secondary memory as virtual memory when RAM is full

Conclusion

Memory organization ensures quick and efficient data access. A well-structured hierarchy enhances system speed and

performance.

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