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Reproduction

The document outlines the male and female reproductive systems, detailing the roles of gonads, accessory ducts, and glands, along with hormonal control mechanisms. In males, testes produce sperm and testosterone, while in females, ovaries produce eggs and hormones, both regulated by negative feedback. Hormonal control involves the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, which manage hormone levels to maintain reproductive function.

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6 views2 pages

Reproduction

The document outlines the male and female reproductive systems, detailing the roles of gonads, accessory ducts, and glands, along with hormonal control mechanisms. In males, testes produce sperm and testosterone, while in females, ovaries produce eggs and hormones, both regulated by negative feedback. Hormonal control involves the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, which manage hormone levels to maintain reproductive function.

Uploaded by

mz3518085
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Reproduction

Male Reproductive System


1. Gonads (Testes):
o Produce sperm and male sex hormones (mainly testosterone).
2. Accessory Ducts:
o Tubes that carry sperm from testes to outside the body.
o Includes epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct.
3. Accessory Organs / Glands:
o Seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands.
o Produce fluid that nourishes and helps sperm move (seminal fluid).
4. Hormonal Control (Male):
o Testosterone regulates sperm production.
o LH (Luteinizing Hormone) stimulates testosterone production.
o FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) helps in sperm formation.
o Controlled by negative feedback: if testosterone is high, LH and FSH
decrease, and if low, they increase.

Female Reproductive System


1. Gonads (Ovaries):
o Produce eggs (ova).
o Secrete female hormones: estrogen and progesterone.
2. Accessory Ducts:
o Oviducts (fallopian tubes): carry egg from ovary to uterus; site of
fertilization.
o Uterus: where fertilized egg implants and develops.
o Vagina: passage for sperm entry and childbirth.
3. Accessory Organs / Glands:
o Mammary glands: produce milk for feeding the baby.
4. Hormonal Control (Female):
o FSH stimulates egg maturation.
o LH triggers ovulation (release of egg).
o Estrogen helps in the development of female organs and secondary sexual
traits.
o Progesterone prepares uterus for pregnancy.
o Controlled by negative feedback: hormone levels rise and fall to regulate
menstrual cycle.

Summary:

 Male: testes → sperm + testosterone → sperm travel via ducts → accessory glands
provide fluid → hormones control production via negative feedback.
 Female: ovaries → eggs + hormones → oviducts carry eggs → uterus for
implantation → hormones regulate cycle via negative feedback.

Hormonal Control of Male Reproductive System


Reproduction
1. Hypothalamus releases GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone).
2. GnRH stimulates the pituitary gland to release two hormones:
o LH (Luteinizing Hormone) → stimulates testes to produce testosterone.
o FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) → helps sperm production in testes.
3. Testosterone:
o Develops male sexual traits (facial hair, deep voice, muscle).
o Supports sperm formation.

Negative Feedback
 When testosterone levels are high, the hypothalamus and pituitary reduce GnRH,
LH, and FSH production.
 When testosterone levels are low, the hypothalamus and pituitary increase
GnRH, LH, and FSH production.
 This keeps hormone levels balanced in the male body.

In short: Hypothalamus → pituitary → testes → testosterone → sperm production, and


negative feedback keeps testosterone at the right level.

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