Java programming Oral Questions

Q1- What is The Java Features ?

[Link] and Interpreted [Link]-Independent and Portable 3. Object – Oriented
[Link] and Secure [Link] [Link], Small and Familiar [Link] and
interactive [Link] Performance
[Link] and Extensible
Q2 -How Java Differs From C ?
[Link] does not include the C unique statement keywords goto, size of, and type def.
2. Java does not contain the data type struct,union and enum.
3. Java does not define the type modifiers keywords auto,extern ,register,signed,and
unsigned.
4. Java does not support an explicit
pointer type. Q3- How Java Differs From C
++ ?
[Link] does not support operator overloading.
2. Java does not have template classes as in C++.
3. Java does not multiple inheritance of [Link] is accomplished using a new feature
called “interface”. Q4- What is The Java Components?
[Link] and Classes [Link] Abstraction and Encapsulation [Link] [Link]
[Link] Binding [Link] Communication.
Q5- What is the Java Development kit (JDK) ?
[Link](for viewing Java applets) [Link](Java compiler) [Link](Java interpreter)
[Link](Java disassembler) [Link](for C header files) [Link](for creating HTML documents)
[Link](Java debugger) Q6- What is the Variables ?
A6- A variable is an identifier that denotes a storage location used to store a
data value. Q7- What are Class?
A7- Class is a template for multiple objects with similar features and it is a blue print for
objects. It defines a type of object according to the data the object can hold and the
operations the object can perform.
Q8- What are Primitive data types?
A8- Primitive data types are 8 types and they are: byte, short, int, long, float, double,
boolean, char. Q9- What is the method overloading.?
A9- Function with same name but different argument perform different task known as
method overloading. Q10- What are inner class and anonymous class?
A10- Inner class : classes defined in other classes, including those defined in methods are called
inner classes. An inner class can have any accessibility including private. Anonymous class :
Anonymous class is a class defined inside a method without a name and is instantiated and
declared in the same place and cannot have explicit constructors.
 Title of the Practical: Program to design comparison two Variable use if statements.

Q1-What is the if statement ?

A1- The if statement is a powerful decision making statement and is used to control the flow of
execution of statements.
Q2- What is the If-else statement ?
A2- The if…..else statement is an extension of the simple if
statement. Q3- What is the Switch-case statement ?
A3- The switch statement tests the value of a given variable(or expression) against a list of case
values and when a match is found , a block of statements associated with that case is executed.
Q4- What are the Break ?
A4- The break statement is used to terminate a statement
sequence. Q5-What are Continue ?
A5- The continue statement causes control to be transferred directly to the conditional
expression that controls the loop.
Q6-What is the While loop ?
A6- The while loop is Java’s most fundamental looping [Link] repeats a statement or block
while its controlling expression is true.
Q7-What is the Do – while loop ?
A7- The do –while is an exit – controlled [Link] on a condition, the control is transferred
back to a particular point in the program.
Q8-What is the for loop ?
A8- The for is an entry-controlled loop and is used when an action is to be repeated for a
predetermined number of itmes.
Q9-What is the Operators ?
A9- Operators are used in programs to manipulate data and
variables. Q10-What is the Arithmetic Expressions ?
A10- An arithmetic expression is a combination of variables , constants , and operators arranged
as per the syntax of the language.
 Title of the Practical: Program to design Constructor.

Q1- What is the Constructor ?

A2- Constructor is a special member function of class call automatically when object
is created.

Q2- What is the Parameterized constructors ?

A2- The constructors that can take argument are called parameterized
constructors.

Q3- What is OOPs?

A3- Object oriented programming organizes a program around its data, i. e. , objects and a set of
well defined interfaces to that data. An object-oriented program can be characterized as data
controlling access to code.

Q4- What are Encapsulation?

A4- Encapsulation is the mechanism that binds together code and data it manipulates and
keeps both safe from outside interference and misuse.

Q5- What are Polymorphism?

A5- Polymorphism is the feature that allows one interface to be used for general
class actions.
Q6- What is the difference between procedural and object-oriented programs?
A6- a) In procedural program, programming logic follows certain procedures and the instructions
are executed one after another. In OOP program, unit of program is object, which is nothing but
combination of data and code. b) In procedural program, data is exposed to the whole program
whereas in OOPs program, it is accessible with in the object and which in turn assures the
security of the code.

Q7- What is an Object and how do you allocate memory to it?

A7- Object is an instance of a class and it is a software unit that combines a structured set of
data with a set of operations for inspecting and manipulating that data. When an object is
created using new operator, memory is allocated to it.

Q8- What is the difference between constructor and method?

A8- Constructor will be automatically invoked when an object is created whereas method has to
be called explicitly.

Q9- What are methods and how are they defined?

A9- Methods are functions that operate on instances of classes in which they
are defined.
Q10- What is the use of bin and lib in JDK?
A10- Bin contains all tools such as javac, appletviewer, awt tool, etc., whereas lib contains API
and all packages.
 Title of the Practical: Program to design toUpperCase() and toLowerCase Type Conversion.

Q1- What is casting?

A1- Casting is used to convert the value of one type to another.
Q2- How many ways can an argument be passed to a subroutine and explain them?
A2- An argument can be passed in two ways. They are passing by value and passing by
reference. Passing by value: This method copies the value of an argument into the formal
parameter of the subroutine. Passing by reference: In this method, a reference to an argument
(not the value of the argument) is passed to the parameter.
Q3- What is the difference between an argument and a parameter?
A3- While defining method, variables passed in the method are called parameters. While using
those methods, values passed to those variables are called arguments.
Q4- What are different types of access modifiers?
A4- public: Any thing declared as public can be accessed from anywhere. private: Any thing
declared as private can’t be seen outside of its class. protected: Any thing declared as protected
can be accessed by classes in the same package and subclasses in the other packages. default
modifier : Can be accessed only to classes in the same package.
Q5- What is UNICODE?
A5- Unicode is used for internal representation of characters and strings and it uses 16 bits to
represent each other.
Q6- What is the difference between String and String Buffer?
A6- a) String objects are constants and immutable whereas StringBuffer objects are not. b)
String class supports constant strings whereas StringBuffer class supports growable and
modifiable strings.
Q7- What is the difference between Array and vector?
A7- Array is a set of related data type and static whereas vector is a growable array of objects
and dynamic. Q8- What are wrapper classes?
A8- Wrapper classes are classes that allow primitive types to be accessed
as objects. Q9- What are Vector?
A9- Vector : The Vector class provides the capability to implement a growable
array of objects. Q10- What is a stream ?
A10- A Stream is an abstraction that either produces or consumes information.
 Title of the Practical: Programs to design Single Inheritance.

Q10- What is the Inheritance?

A10- Inheritance is the process by which object of one class acquire the properties of object of
another class. Q2- What is the Package?
A2- Package is the collection of class stored in a folder. These class can be used in any
java program. Q3- What is meant by Inheritance and what are its advantages?
A3- Inheritance is the process of inheriting all the features from a class. The advantages of
inheritance are reusability of code and accessibility of variables and methods of the super class
by subclasses.
Q4- What is an abstract class?
A4- An abstract class is a class designed with implementation gaps for subclasses to fill in and is
deliberately incomplete.
Q5- What is a clone able interface and how many methods does it contain?
A5- It is not having any method because it is a TAGGED or MARKER
interface. Q6- What is the difference between abstract class and
interface?
A6- a) All the methods declared inside an interface are abstract whereas abstract class must
have at least one abstract method and others may be concrete or abstract. b) In abstract class,
key word abstract must be used for the methods whereas interface we need not use that
keyword for the methods. c) Abstract class must have subclasses whereas interface can’t have
subclasses.
Q7- Can you have an inner class inside a method and what variables can you access?
A7- Yes, we can have an inner class inside a method and final variables can be accessed.
Q8- What is the class and interface in java to create thread and which is the most
advantageous method? A8- Thread class and Runnable interface can be used to create
threads and using Runnable interface is the most advantageous method to create threads
because we need not extend thread class here.
Q9- What are the states associated in the thread?
A9- Thread contains ready, running, waiting and
dead states. Q10- What is deadlock?
A10- When two threads are waiting each other and can’t precede the program is said to be
deadlock.
 Title of the Practical: Programs to design interface.

Q1- What is the Interfaces?

A1- Using the keyword interface ,you can fully abstract a class’ interface from its
implementation. Q2-What is The Try-Catch-Finally ?
A2- [Link] uses a keyword Try to handle a run-time error, simply enclose the code that you want
to monitor inside a try block. Immediately following the try block.
2. include a catch clause that specifies the exception type that you wish to catch.
3. finally block can be used to handle any exception generated within a try block.
4. When a finally block is defined , this is guaranteed to execute ,regardless of whether or
not an exception is thrown.
Q3-What are the Throw statements ?
A3- you have only been catching exceptions that are thrown by the Java run-
time system. Q4-What are the Throws ?
A4- If a method is capable of causing an exception that it does not handle, it must specify this
behavior so that callers of the method can guard themselves against that exception.
Q5- What is Java?
A5- Java is an object-oriented programming language developed initially by James Gosling and
colleagues at Sun Microsystems.
Q6- Can you have virtual functions in Java?
A6- Yes, all functions in Java are virtual by
default. Q7-What is the NullPointerException
?
A7- When an object is not initialized, the default value is null.
Q8- Name the containers which uses Border Layout as their default layout?
A8- Containers which uses Border Layout as their default are: window, Frame and
Dialog classes. Q9- What is Collection API ?
A9- The Collection API is a set of classes and interfaces that support operation on
collections of objects. Q10- What is a transient variable in Java?
A10- A transient variable is a variable that may not be serialized. If you don't want some field to
be serialized, you can mark that field transient or static.
 Title of the Practical: Program to design exception by use Try-Catch-Finally.
Q1-. What is the exception ?
A1- An exception is a condition that is caused by a run-time error in
the program. Q2- What is the difference between an argument and a
parameter?
A2- While defining method, variables passed in the method are called parameters. While using
those methods, values passed to those variables are called arguments.
Q3- What are different types of access modifiers?
A3- public: Any thing declared as public can be accessed from anywhere. private: Any thing
declared as private can’t be seen outside of its class. protected: Any thing declared as protected
can be accessed by classes in the same package and subclasses in the other packages. default
modifier : Can be accessed only to classes in the same package.
Q4- What is Garbage Collection and how to call it explicitly?
A4- When an object is no longer referred to by any variable, java automatically reclaims memory
used by that object. This is known as garbage collection. System. gc() method may be used to
call it explicitly.
Q5- What is finalize() method?
A5-finalize () method is used just before an object is destroyed and can be called just prior to
garbage collection.
Q6- What are Transient and Volatile Modifiers?
A6- Transient: The transient modifier applies to variables only and it is not stored as part of its
object’s Persistent state. Transient variables are not serialized. Volatile: Volatile modifier applies
to variables only and it tells the compiler that the variable modified by volatile can be changed
unexpectedly by other parts of the program.
Q7- What is the difference between this() and super()?
A7- this() can be used to invoke a constructor of the same class whereas super() can be used
to invoke a super class constructor.
Q8- What is the difference between superclass and subclass?
A8- A super class is a class that is inherited whereas sub class is a class that does
the inheriting. Q9- What modifiers may be used with top-level class?
A9- public, abstract and final can be used for top-
level class. Q10- What is the difference between
exception and error?
A10- The exception class defines mild error conditions that your program encounters. Exceptions
can occur when trying to open the file, which does not exist, the network connection is disrupted,
operands being manipulated are out of prescribed ranges, the class file you are interested in
loading is missing. The error class defines serious error conditions that you should not attempt to
recover from. In most cases it is advisable to let the program terminate when such an error is
encountered.
 Title of the Practical: Program to design multi-threading.

Q1- What is the multithreaded?

A1- A multithreaded program contains two or more parts that can run concurrently .Each part
of such a program is called a thread , and each thread define a separate path of execution.
Q2- What is the thread ?
A2- A thread is similar to a program that has a single flow of [Link] has a beginning,a
body,and an end ,and executes commands sequentially.
Q3- What is the Inter thread communication ?
A3- Java includes an elegant interprocess communication mechanism via the wait( ), notify( ), and
notifyAll( )
methods.
Q4- What is the Threads synchronization ?
A4- When two or more threads need access to a shared resource, they need some way to ensure
that the resource will be used by only one thread at a time. The process by which this is
achieved is called synchronization.
Q5- What is the synchronized Methods ?
A5- There are Three synchronized Methods : The call( ) method, run( ) method,and sleep()
method. Q6- What is the difference between process and thread?
A6- Process is a program in execution whereas thread is a separate path of execution
in a program. Q7- What are synchronized methods and synchronized statements?
A7- Synchronized methods are methods that are used to control access to a method or an
object. A thread only executes a synchronized method after it has acquired the lock for the
method's object or class.
Synchronized statements are similar to synchronized methods. A synchronized statement can
only be executed after a thread has acquired the lock for the object or class referenced in the
synchronized statement. Q8- What are three ways in which a thread can enter the waiting
state?
A8- A thread can enter the waiting state by invoking its sleep() method, by blocking on IO, by
unsuccessfully attempting to acquire an object's lock, or by invoking an object's wait() method. It
can also enter the waiting state by invoking its (deprecated) suspend() method.
Q9- Can a lock be acquired on a class?
A9- Yes, a lock can be acquired on a class. This lock is acquired on the class's
Class object. Q10- What is the preferred size of a component?
A10- The preferred size of a component is the minimum component size that will allow the
component to display normally.
 Title of the Practical: Program to design Applet skeleton.

Q1- What is the difference between an applet and a servlet?

A1- a) Servlets are to servers what applets are to browsers. b) Applets must have graphical user
interfaces whereas servlets have no graphical user interfaces.
Q2- What is Inet address?
A2- Every computer connected to a network has an IP address. An IP address is a number that
uniquely identifies each computer on the Net. An IP address is a 32-bit number.
Q3- What is an event and what are the models available for event handling?
A3- An event is an event object that describes a state of change in a source. In other words,
event occurs when an action is generated, like pressing button, clicking mouse, selecting a list,
etc. There are two types of models for handling events and they are: a) event-inheritance model
and b) event-delegation model
Q4- When do you use codebase in applet?
A4- When the applet class file is not in the same directory,
codebase is used. Q5- What is the difference between Assignment
and Initialization?
A5- Assignment can be done as many times as desired whereas initialization can be
done only once. Q6- What is source and listener?
A6- source : A source is an object that generates an event. This occurs when the internal state of
that object changes in some way. listener : A listener is an object that is notified when an event
occurs. It has two major requirements. First, it must have been registered with one or more
sources to receive notifications about specific types of events. Second, it must implement
methods to receive and process these notifications.
Q7- What is adapter class?
A7- An adapter class provides an empty implementation of all methods in an event
listener interface Q8- What is meant by controls and what are different types of
controls in AWT?
A8-Controls are components that allow a user to interact with your application and the AWT
supports the following types of controls: Labels, Push Buttons, Check Boxes, Choice Lists, Lists,
Scrollbars, Text Components. These controls are subclasses of Component.
Q9- What is servlet?
A9- Servlets are modules that extend request/response-oriented servers, such as java-enabled
web servers. For example, a servlet might be responsible for taking data in an HTML order-entry
form and applying the business logic used to update a company’s order database.
Q10- What is URL?
A10- URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator and it points to resource files on the Internet. URL
has four components: [Link] address. com:80/[Link], where http - protocol name,
address - IP address or host name, 80 - port number and [Link] - file path.