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Provide notes on plant
systematic bsc 2sem
Here are clear, exam-ready notes on Plant
Systematics ([Link]. 2nd Semester level). I’ve
structured them so you can revise quickly and
also write detailed answers.
PLANT SYSTEMATICS –
COMPLETE NOTES
1. What is Plant Systematics?
Definition:
Plant Systematics is the branch of botany that
deals with:
Identification
Nomenclature (naming)
Classification
Phylogeny (evolutionary relationships) of
plants
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It is also called Taxonomy (though
systematics is broader).
2. Components of Systematics
a) Identification
Recognizing plants using features (leaf,
flower, fruit)
Tools: Keys, floras, manuals
b) Nomenclature
Scientific naming using rules (ICN)
Example: Mangifera indica (Mango)
c) Classification
Arranging plants into groups based on
similarities
d) Phylogeny
Study of evolutionary relationships
3. Taxonomic Hierarchy
Hierarchy (from higher to lower):
Kingdom
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Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Example:
Kingdom: Plantae
Family: Solanaceae
Genus: Solanum
Species: Solanum tuberosum (Potato)
Mnemonic:
King Philip Came Over For Good Soup
4. Systems of Classification
a) Artificial System
Based on few characters
Example: Carolus Linnaeus
Limitation: Not natural
b) Natural System
Based on many characters
Example: George Bentham & Joseph Dalton
Hooker
More reliable
c) Phylogenetic System
Based on evolution
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Example: Arthur Cronquist
5. Binomial Nomenclature
Given by: Carolus Linnaeus
Rules:
Two names: Genus + Species
Written in italics
Genus capital, species small
Example: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
6. ICN (International Code of
Nomenclature)
Provides rules for naming plants
Earlier called ICBN
Ensures:
One plant → one name
Avoid confusion
7. Herbarium
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Definition:
Collection of dried, preserved plant specimens.
Importance:
Identification
Research
Reference
Herbarium Sheet Includes:
Plant name
Family
Locality
Collector name
8. Botanical Gardens
Places where plants are grown for study
Example: Indian Botanical Garden
Importance:
Conservation
Education
Research
9. Taxonomic Aids
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Flora
Book containing information of plants of a
region
Manuals
Provide identification keys
Monographs
Detailed study of one taxon
Keys
Used to identify plants (dichotomous keys)
10. Types of Keys
Artificial keys
Natural keys
Dichotomous key (most common)
Based on two contrasting characters
11. Characters Used in
Classification
Morphological (shape, size)
Anatomical
Cytological (chromosomes)
Molecular (DNA)
12. Numerical Taxonomy
Uses computers & statistics
Based on many characters
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Also called Phenetics
13. Chemotaxonomy
Based on chemical compounds
Example:
Alkaloids
Proteins
14. Importance of Plant
Systematics
Helps in identification of plants
Useful in agriculture, medicine
Shows evolutionary relationships
Helps in biodiversity conservation
Quick Revision Points
Systematics = Identification + Naming +
Classification + Evolution
Father of taxonomy → Carolus Linnaeus
ICN → rules of naming
Herbarium → dried plant collection
Classification → Artificial, Natural,
Phylogenetic
If you want next:
I can also provide:
Family-wise notes (Poaceae, Fabaceae,
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Solanaceae etc.)
One-page revision chart
Guess-the-family questions (very useful
for exams)
Mnemonics for all families
Just tell me
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