RAR - 607
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
AR. LE CORBUSIER
GROUP MEMBER:
[Link] DAUNDERIYA
[Link] BAJPAI
SUBMITTED TO: [Link] GUPTA
AR. OORVI SINGH [Link] KUMAR
[Link] PATEL
INTRODUCTION
Full Name : Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris (1887-1965)
Nationality : Swiss-French
ROLE OF LE CORBUSIER IN MODERN ARCHITECTURE:
1. Le Corbusier was one of the most influential architects and thinkers of the
Modern Architecture Movement of the 20th century.
[Link] Corbusier strongly opposed historical ornamentation and traditional
architectural styles, advocating instead for functionalism, rational planning,
and simplicity of form.
[Link] Corbusier strongly believed that form follows function. Every
architectural element had to serve a clear purpose.
[Link] Corbusier expanded Modern Architecture beyond buildings to urban-
scale planning. His ideas of functional zoning, high-rise living, open green
spaces, and separation of traffic laid the groundwork for modern urban
planning concepts, most notably seen in Chandigarh.
[Link] work emphasized the use of reinforced concrete, steel, and glass,
reflecting the technological advancements of the modern era.
PHILOSOPHY AND IDEAS
5 POINTS OF ARCHITECTURE:
Pilotis
Free- designing of ground plan
The free design of Facade
Horizontal window
Roof Gardens:
PHILOSOPHY AND IDEAS
MODULAR MAN: OPEN HAND: FURNITURES:
Chaise Lounge
LC1
A graphical representation of a modular, a The Open hand is recurring motif LC7
stylised human figure with one arm raised stands in Le
next to 2 vertical measurements. Corbusier’s architecture- a sign for
The system is based in human measurements. him of
Attempts to discover mathematical peace and reconciliation.
proportions It is open to give and open to
of human body and then to use that knowledge to receive.
improve appearance and function of architecture.
LC2
VILLA SAVOYE (1928 - 1931)
Basic Information
Location: Poissy, France
Construction Year: 1928–1931
Building Type: Weekend Residence
Structure: Reinforced concrete frame
Built-up Area: ~480 m²
Concept Statement
A white geometrical volume elevated on pilotis, designed as a
“machine for living,” expressing functional modernism.
Key Design Idea
The building demonstrates the Five Points of Architecture:
Pilotis
Free Plan
Free Façade
Ribbon Windows
Roof Garden
VILLA SAVOYE - DRAWINGS
SECTION AA’
GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN
The ground level, elevated on pilotis, Living salon facing the landscape
facilitates car circulation beneath the Outdoor terraces accessed through
house, demonstrating early integration sliding glass walls
of vehicular movement into Spaces are arranged around an open SECTION BB’’
architecture. terrace, integrating interior and exterior.
VILLA SAVOYE
CIRCULATION: FROM GROUND TO TERRACE
FLOOR
The ramp creates fluid circulation and spatial sequence,
a hallmark of Le Corbusier’s design thinking.
SANSKAR KENDRA CITY MUSEUM
Location: Ahmedabad, India
Total site area: 5700sqm
Built up Area: 2313 sqm
Project Year: 1954 – 1956
[Link] free facade depicts the originality of the
material with exposed brick and concrete. It is left
so as extending volumes would conceal the current
facade.
[Link] intention for the site was to develop three
additional, individual volumes around the core
museum each with its own circulation and a raised
walkway connection to the core building.
[Link] was to contain an open-air theatre, studio and
conference facilities, while the other two would
contain archaeological and anthropological rooms,
There was also a potential to extend the core
building itself and construct a "magic box" theatre
at the eastern end of the site. However, none of
these extensions-were ever realised.
SANSKAR KENDRA CITY MUSEUM
50000
MEZZANINE GALLERIES
50000
DOUBLE HEIGHT EXHIBITION
[Link] and Layout
13801
SPACE
14855
6924
19394
ROOF BASIN
Plan
50000
11903
50000
18352
18256
11302
KIOSK
Square plan approximately 50 m × 50 m.
26772
7638
SERVICE
VERTICAL CIRCULATION
Based on a spiral circulation system. 50000 50000
DEPOSIT COLLECTION
Organized around a central open courtyard. MERCHANDISE RECEIPTS
13801
6924
MEZZANINE
[Link] Organization
13968 14855
19284
50000
18352
50000
18140
Ground Floor
26772
4648
7638
Open public space 50000
Entrance plaza
50000
Courtyard with water pool 2000
3400 3400 3400 3400
50000
Ramp access to exhibition level
20000
First Floor
Exhibition galleries
Museum display areas
Flexible open plan spaces
Roof Level
Water basins
Planters
Thermal insulation system
SANSKAR KENDRA CITY MUSEUM
DAY LIGHTING IN THE CENTRAL PILOTIS
COURTYARD
Day light penetrates through the center of the
building creating a void of light or what Le
Corbusier describes as a "true hall of honor" at
the entry to a "Museum of Infinite Expansion.
This expression is a true contrast to the
confined approach beneath the building upon
entry..
One of the successful characteristics
Architectural Features of this building can be identified in
[Link] (Columns) the low height of the pilotis, the
Building raised on reinforced concrete columns. tops of which are 3.4 meters. The
Height approx. 3.4 m (11 ft). floor to- ceiling height varies in
Creates shaded open space below building. depth with respect to slab thickness
[Link] Courtyard and spandrel beams, for instance
Open-to-sky courtyard. the ground floor's external presence
Improves ventilation and natural cooling. is 2.5 meters in order to create an
Inspired by traditional Indian haveli planning. overbearing and darkened
[Link] Circulation approach underneath the building
Ramp connects ground floor to exhibition spaces. to its central entry amongst its
Creates smooth circulation flow. expansive open floor plan.
[Link]-Soleil (Sun Breakers) MAIN STAIRCASE VIEW
Sun shading devices reduce heat gain.
PALACE OF THE ASSEMBLY
[Link] Palace of the Assembly (1951-1965) in
Chandigarh, designed by Le Corbusier, is a
modernist concrete masterpiece, featuring
a square, pilotis structure with a,
hyperbolic paraboloid roof and a circular
assembly chamber.
[Link] design integrates five points of
architecture, a monumental portico, and
brise-soleil (sun-shading).
[Link] Tower Height: Rises 38 meters
(124 ft) above the ground level, acting as a
massive light scoop.
Bold colors, applied to
doors, interiors, and
sculptural elements, reflect
modernist aesthetics and
act as artistic accents
within the functional,
monumental structure.
PALACE OF THE ASSEMBLY
PLAN
The Core Layout: "The
Square and the Forum"
The building is
essentially a huge square
box that acts as a shell for
more complex internal
structures
Reflecting Pools
The Grid
The Forum (Hypostyle
Hall)
Main Assembly Chamber
diameter 39 meters (128
ft).
Slender columns (pilotis)
spaced at roughly 10-meter
intervals.
PALACE OF THE ASSEMBLY
SECTION , ELEVATION
The Hyperbolic Tower
Monumental Portico
The Enamelled Door
Brise-Soleil (Sun-
Breakers)
Reflecting Pools
Acoustics & Light
Main Building Height
12–15 meters high
CHAPEL OF RONCHAMP
Location: Ronchamp, Haute-Saône, France
Architect: Le Corbusier
Built: 1950–1955
Also knows as Chapelle Notre-Dame du Haut.
Built on: Bourlémont Hill
Reason for construction: Rebuilt after the
previous church was destroyed in World War
II
→
Located on a hilltop strong visual landmark
Chapel appears different from every angle
To the west is located a bell tower.
Towards the southern end , and in lower area
of topography, stands a rectangular volume.
stands a rectangular volume made of concrete,
that cintrast in both form and color with
chaple.
At the northern end a stepped pyramid is
located, built with the remains of the original
church with serves as a monument to peace
CHAPEL OF RONCHAMP
Floor Area: Approximately 120 [Link].
Height: The roof reaches approximately 12 m (39 ft.)at its
highest point.
Roof Structure: Two reinforced concrete membranes, 6m thick,
seperated by 2.26m.
CHAPEL OF RONCHAMP
Light enters through deeply
recessed, irregularly sized
openings.
The openings create a
constellation-like effect,
changing throughout the day.
Light becomes the primary
medium to express spirituality
inside the chapel.
A. Precast concrete window
frame
B. Lead glazing compound
C. Glass
D. Plaster on wire mesh covering
precast concrete and stone
E. Rubble wall
CHANDIGARH CITY PLANNING (1950-1970)
1947- Partition of India and 1949- First planning team; Albert 1952- Construction Begins
1951- Project handed to Le
Lahore goes to Pakistan. Mayer and Mathhew Nowicki Corbusier
1948- Site Selection at foothills 1950- Tragic Event; Nowicki
of Shivalik Range. 1951- 1952- Master Plan
died and Mayer withdraws.
Revision
CHANDIGARH CITY PLANNING (1950-1970) 800
Sector
Main Axis 1200
Green Areas
Road
Located at picturesque junction of foothills of Himalayan Mountain range and Ganges plains.
Total Area- 114 [Link] and population of 1054600 inhabitants.
Sector of Size 800x 1200 meters.
Each sector is self-sufficient unit having shops, schools, health centres and places of recreation and worship.
Analogues to Human Body:
Head (The Capitol Complex,
Sector 1).
Heart (The City Centre, Sector
17).
Lungs (The Leisure Valley,
innumerable open spaces and
sector greens).
Intellect (The cultural and
educational institutions).
Circulatory System (The
network of roads).
Viscera (The Industrial Area).
Free flowing green spaces, connecting different sectors and spaces in the entire site.
Semi-private green areas for private pockets.
Sector 17- main public congregation area; houses all major shopping complexes, sports
facilities and congregation spaces.
Basic building typology- extremely rectilinear with similar proportions.
Chandigarh features a distinct architectural style and color palette, defined by Le Corbusier’s use of exposed raw concrete,
monumental geometric forms, and bold primary colors (red, yellow, blue, green).