EXPERT
GUIDE
NOTE: THE EXPERT GUIDE IS ESPECIALLY DESIGNED TO
PROVIDE CUTTING-EDGE TIPS TO HELP DELEGATES WIN IN
ANY COMPETITIVE COMMITTEE
Be a part of Legacy...
LETTER FROM THE
SECRETARIAT
Dear Delegates,
At the outset, on behalf of the Secretariat, we extend a warm welcome to all of you and
congratulate you on being a part of the CGC International MUN 2026.
CGC International MUN has a legacy of hosting some of the finest debaters from across
the country, and this year, we expect the level of debate to reach new heights. This
ambition can only be realized if you, as a delegate, come prepared and put forth your
best effort.
To ensure that every delegate is fully informed and equipped for the competition, the
Secretariat has undertaken the significant task of creating a Delegate Resource Hub,
designed to meet every possible need of a delegate.
We will be providing three different guides to assist you:
-Beginner's Guide: Tailored for first-time participants
-Expert's Guide: Offering the best strategies to gain a competitive edge
-Background Guide: A comprehensive committee guide prepared by the Executive
Board Members
We are thrilled to have you as part of this vibrant and intellectually stimulating gathering,
where you will have the opportunity to engage with like-minded individuals, sharpen your
diplomatic skills, and contribute to meaningful discussions on global issues.
Your participation is key to the success of this event, and we look forward to the dynamic
perspectives you will bring to the table. As a delegate, you will not only gain invaluable
experience but also become part of a global community committed to fostering
cooperation, dialogue, and understanding.
Wishing you all the very best of luck and hope to see you all at this conference to
discuss critical issues of national importance.
Warm Regards,
Secretariat
Instagram-CGCMUN26
Gmail-cgcinternationalmun2026@[Link]
How to win an award in
an MUN conference
“Before we move to the tips and strategies to understand how to win an award, it’s very
important to understand what is expected out of a delegate.”
Argument formation is the most important part, yet most delegates ignore this process
and are unable to fill this gap in the conference. The basis of the argument in an MUN refers
to the reasoning, premises, or evidence the delegate uses to support a claim or conclusion.
It's the foundation of the argument, upon which the argument's validity relies.
Let’s understand this in simple words, as a delegate you are expected to share something
in the committee which should result in some conclusion.
Example: It’s raining outside.
This is a simple statement and we are unable to answer “So What?”
Example: It’s raining outside, carrying an umbrella is suggested.
Here “Carrying an umbrella” answers “So What?”
We have often observed that a delegate has done good research yet they are unable to
form arguments which is the main reason they are unable to gain a competitive edge. In
all your speeches you are expected to share an argument, not facts and historical
statistics which is just good-to-know information and not proving or concluding
something.
To Conclude: A delegate is expected to conduct their own analysis and use
data/statistics/information gathered through research to form an argument which he/she
wants the committee to be aware of.
Let us now understand a few statements which lack conclusion:
The United Nations has passed several resolutions calling for the
cessation of hostilities in conflict zones around the world.
Missing conclusion: This statement provides information about the
UN’s actions but does not conclude how effective these
resolutions are or what their impact has been on global peace.
Many countries have imposed sanctions on nations that violate international law.
Missing conclusion: It provides a factual statement about sanctions but doesn’t
conclude the effectiveness of such measures or their impact on foreign relations.
The foreign policy of many nations has been focused on promoting democracy in
authoritarian regimes.
Missing conclusion: The statement discusses a trend but lacks a conclusion about
whether this strategy has been successful or what the long-term consequences of
such policies might be.
The UN has deployed peacekeeping forces to various regions in an attempt to stabilize
volatile situations.
Missing conclusion: The statement reports on UN actions but does not conclude
whether the peacekeeping missions have been successful or if they are a good
approach.
In recent years, countries have been increasingly vocal in their calls for reforms within
the United Nations.
Missing conclusion: This provides a description of a growing trend but does not
conclude what this means for the future of the UN or whether reforms will occur.
To Conclude: A delegate is expected to share insights that answer “So What?”
Winning an award requires a delegate to master three different skill sets:
- Research: Awareness about the minute things related to the agenda is essential to
gain a competitive edge
- Analysis: This is the most important step yet 90% of delegates fail
to master this skill set
- Participation: Participation through lobbying, PoIs, Points of
Order and document preparation is essential to gain
competitive edge
RESEARCH TIPS
Research is the backbone of success in any Model United Nations (MUN) conference,
especially for experienced delegates who aim to lead debates and win awards.
1. Understand the Country/ Portfolio You're Representing
Political Structure: Research the form of government, political leaders, and major
political parties. Know who is in power and what their political ideologies are.
Foreign Policy: Understand your country's foreign relations, alliances, and key
international policies. Look at its stance on global issues such as climate change,
security, human rights, and economic development.
Recent Events: Be aware of any recent events or crises your country has been involved
in, including elections, conflicts, or changes in leadership.
Cultural Context: Understand the cultural and social fabric of your country. This will help
you connect more effectively with other delegates and enhance your speeches.
2. Have a deep knowledge about the Agenda of the Conference
Research the Topics: MUN conferences typically have several agenda items or topics to
discuss. You need to be well-versed in the topics and understand how they relate to the
country you're representing.
Historical Context: Look into the history of the issue, the international response to it, and
previous UN resolutions or actions taken.
Current Situation: Know the latest developments, debates, and any ongoing initiatives
related to the issue.
Stakeholders: Identify key stakeholders, such as specific countries, international
organizations, or non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that are actively involved.
3. Develop a Strategy for the Conference
Diplomacy: Build alliances and understand the interests of other countries. Work with
others to find common ground and avoid isolating your country.
Compromise: MUN is about finding solutions through diplomacy and negotiation. Be
prepared to offer compromises without sacrificing your country’s core interests.
Public Speaking: Practice speaking confidently and clearly. Be concise but persuasive.
Focus on maintaining a formal tone and diplomatic language.
Lobbying and Caucusing: Engage in informal lobbying (before the session starts or
during unmoderated caucuses) to align with other countries or build support for your
ideas.
4. Know Your Committee’s Mandate
Understand the specific mandate and focus of the committee you’re in. Different
committees (e.g., General Assembly, Security Council, Human Rights Council) have
different areas of focus and decision-making processes.
Decisions and Resolutions: Be familiar with how decisions are made in your committee.
In the Security Council, for example, resolutions require veto power from permanent
members, which can influence the outcome of debates.
5. Research Allies and Opponents
Identify potential allies and study their positions:
What interests do they share with your country?
What compromises can you offer to gain their support?
6. Current Status
Research ongoing developments: Use news outlets and reports from NGOs or think tanks
(e.g., Brookings Institution, Chatham House).
Focus on your country’s role.
Example: If discussing arms control, research your country’s defence policies and arms
exports.
7. Possible Solutions
The most important part of researching for a Model UN conference, and often the most
forgotten, is to research Possible Solutions to help resolve the issue your committee is
discussing.
The solutions aren’t what your country wants to do for itself, that would never need to be
discussed at the UN.
Instead, you should consider what your country wants the United Nations to do about
the issue worldwide.
Feel free to use your own creativity to think of ideas, and find reasons why they would
work that you can use in speeches, and later in your resolutions in committee.
Sample Research Structure:
- Step 1: Understand the basics of the agenda through YouTube IAS videos
(search agenda + IAS)
- Step 2: Use ChatGPT to find answers to questions mentioned above and verify it
- Step 3: Search different UN and research documents (Agenda + UN .pdf)
- Step 4: Read the background guide throughout to understand different aspects of the
agenda
SPEECH TIPS
Delivering a powerful speech as an expert delegate in an MUN conference requires
confidence, clarity, and strategy.
Begin with a compelling opening that grabs attention, such as a thought-provoking
question, a striking statistic, or a strong statement aligned with your country’s stance.
Structure your speech logically, presenting your position on the issue, providing
evidence, and outlining actionable solutions that reflect your country’s priorities.
Maintain diplomatic language, balancing assertiveness with respect for opposing views,
and always align your speech with your country’s policies and historical actions.
Use facts, quotes, or references to strengthen credibility, but avoid overloading with
unnecessary data.
Tailor your tone and language to suit the audience and committee dynamics,
emphasizing leadership, coalition-building, or compromise when necessary.
Stay concise, ensuring you use your allotted time effectively, and end with a clear call to
action or a memorable statement that reinforces your position.
Practicing beforehand ensures fluency and confidence, while actively engaging with the
committee through eye contact and clear delivery enhances your impact.
Time Management
Adhere strictly to the time allotted for your speech.
Prioritize key points to fit within the time frame.
Practice beforehand to ensure your speech is concise and impactful, with no time
wasted on irrelevant details.
Language and Tone
Use formal, diplomatic language throughout your speech.
Avoid personal opinions; instead, frame arguments as your country's policy.
Use persuasive techniques, like emphasizing shared interests, and avoid confrontational
language that may alienate other delegates.
Maintain a calm and confident tone, varying your pitch and volume to emphasize
key points.
LOBBYING TIPS
Effective lobbying in a Model United Nations (MUN) conference for experienced delegates
requires strategic communication, collaboration, and influence.
Start by identifying key allies and potential opponents by analyzing their country policies
and stances. Approach like-minded delegates early to build a coalition and establish
common ground, presenting your proposals with clarity and confidence.
Tailor your language to be diplomatic yet persuasive, emphasizing shared interests and
mutual benefits. Be prepared to compromise, as flexibility is essential to gain broader
support for your resolutions.
Actively listen during discussions, addressing concerns raised by other delegates and
incorporating constructive feedback to strengthen your draft. Leverage your
understanding of the committee dynamics to influence undecided delegates and
strategically counter opposition without appearing antagonistic.
Finally, maintain a professional demeanor and build rapport with delegates through
respectful dialogue, as strong relationships often translate to stronger support during
voting.
Never attempt to negotiate a partnership with someone holding a fundamentally
different ideology.
Always keep your placard with you at all times so that you are easily recognized
Additionally, observe the committee dynamics and identify undecided delegates to win
their support through one-on-one conversations or small group discussions.
Avoid antagonizing opponents, instead diplomatically addressing their concerns to
reduce resistance.
Throughout, maintain professionalism and a collaborative attitude, as effective lobbying
is not just about advancing your agenda but also about creating a solution that
resonates with the majority of the committee.
FOREIGN POLICY TIPS
Mastering foreign policy in a Model United Nations (MUN) conference requires a nuanced
understanding of your country’s geopolitical interests, historical alliances, and current
global standing.
As an expert delegate, begin by analyzing your country’s official policies, priorities, and
international relations in the context of the agenda.
Tailor your positions to reflect the motivations behind these policies, such as economic
benefits, security concerns, or ideological commitments.
Maintain consistency with your country’s established alliances while remaining strategic
in forming new coalitions during the conference.
When articulating your foreign policy, use diplomatic language to assert your country’s
interests while finding common ground with other delegates to foster cooperation.
Adapt your approach based on the dynamics of the debate, using your deep knowledge
to rebut arguments effectively and promote solutions that align with your national
agenda.
Stay realistic, avoiding extreme or contradictory positions that could undermine your
credibility.
Be prepared to defend your stance with evidence, referencing treaties, historical
precedents, or recent developments to strengthen your arguments.
Recognize the importance of soft power by building alliances and shaping the narrative
in a way that positions your country as a leader or mediator, depending on its real-
world foreign policy role.
Above all, strike a balance between assertiveness and diplomacy to ensure your
country’s interests are prioritized while contributing to meaningful resolutions in the
committee.
Research Your Country's Foreign Policy
• Understand geopolitical interests (e.g., security, trade, resources).
• Study alliances, rivals, and past voting patterns.
• Analyze key treaties, conflicts, and ongoing global roles.
Balance Assertiveness with Diplomacy
• Assert your country’s interests firmly but diplomatically.
• Avoid direct confrontation; instead, address concerns tactfully.
• Be open to compromises that do not undermine your
country’s core interests.
ASKING POI TIPS
Asking Points of Information (POIs) effectively in a Model United Nations (MUN)
conference requires strategic thinking, clarity, and a deep understanding of the agenda
and committee dynamics.
Be Concise and Clear
Avoid lengthy or overly complex questions. A well-phrased, concise POI ensures clarity
and forces the speaker to respond directly without evasion.
Align with Your Agenda
Design your POI to shift the discussion towards your country’s interests. For example, if
you oppose a proposal, ask questions that reveal its limitations or negative impacts on
your allies.
Follow Up Subtly
Use the delegate's response to your POI as a basis for further arguments or rebuttals
during your speech. This shows you are actively engaged and can adapt your strategy in
real-time.
RAISING POO TIPS
Raising a Point of Order (POO) effectively in a Model United Nations (MUN) conference
requires a thorough understanding of procedural rules and strategic timing.
Factual inaccuracy is corrected through POO (Point of Order) using the below mentioned
format:
Delegate of Country 1 quoted “statement quoted which is factually wrong” unquote
“correct statement”
Before raising the POO, ensure the issue is valid and not trivial to maintain your credibility.
Use polite yet firm language to address the Chair, clearly stating the specific rule that has
been violated and its relevance.
Avoid using a POO to disrupt the debate unnecessarily, as this can be
perceived as disruptive or unprofessional.
After the Chair’s decision, respect their ruling, whether it aligns
with your stance or not.
WRITING CHIT TIPS
Chits play a significant role in any Model United Nations Conference. Chits not only
enable you to interact with other delegates in an informal manner but they also
constitute a substantial weight in the mark sheet of the executive board.
How to Utilize Chits
Chits allow you to communicate discreetly with other delegates during formal debate,
making them invaluable for lobbying and coalition-building. Use chits to reach out to
potential allies by highlighting shared interests, proposing partnerships, or seeking their
support for your resolution. Frame your messages diplomatically, keeping them concise,
clear, and professional to ensure your points are understood. Chits can also be used to
address concerns or clarify misunderstandings raised during the debate, helping to build
trust and rapport. Additionally, they are strategic tools for persuading undecided
delegates and subtly countering opposing arguments by presenting alternative
perspectives. Avoid using chits frivolously or sending irrelevant messages, as this may
harm your credibility. Instead, focus on advancing meaningful dialogue, building
alliances, and strengthening your position in the committee. By utilizing chits thoughtfully
and strategically, you can influence discussions, expand your network, and ensure your
country’s voice is heard, even when you are not speaking.
Significance of Chits
[Link] to communicate with fellow delegates and executive board members
regarding any substantive point or a procedural query that they may have.
[Link] you have been unable to put all your points across for a particular speech due to
time constraints, they can be sent through a chit as a continuation of your speech.
[Link] can use chits to seek clarity on matters related to procedure, etc. by writing a chit
directly to your executive board.
[Link] case you have not been recognized in a moderated caucus then you can send in
your points to the executive board through a chit.
COMMON MISTAKES TO AVOID
In a Model United Nations (MUN) conference, making strategic decisions and maintaining
professionalism are key to success. Here are some common mistakes to avoid:
Poor Time Management
Either dominating the floor with overly long speeches or failing to allocate enough time
for essential points can undermine your effectiveness. Be concise, stay within the time
limits, and prioritize the most impactful arguments.
Not Engaging in Lobbying
MUN is as much about behind-the-scenes diplomacy as it is about formal debates.
Failing to lobby effectively with other delegates can prevent you from building the
support necessary to pass resolutions.
Not Asking Points of Information (POIs) or Chits
Shying away from engaging with others during debates, whether by not asking POIs or
failing to send chits, can limit your ability to shape the conversation and influence
outcomes. Use these tools strategically to support your position.
Being Rigid in Negotiations
Sticking too firmly to your country’s position without considering potential compromises
can hinder collaboration and alienate potential allies. Be flexible and open to negotiation
while staying true to your key priorities.
Failure to Network
MUN is an opportunity to build relationships that extend beyond the conference. Not
networking with fellow delegates can limit your influence and hinder your ability to form
strategic alliances.
BASIC MARKING CRITERIA
In a Model United Nations (MUN) conference, delegates are typically evaluated based on
several key criteria that reflect their ability to represent their assigned country, contribute
to the debate, and demonstrate diplomatic skills. The primary factors often include
Knowledge and Preparation
Delegates are assessed on their understanding of the agenda topic, their country’s
policies, and relevant international laws or agreements.
Speech Delivery
Speech delivery is also crucial, focusing on clarity, confidence, and the ability to articulate
key points within the allotted time.
Engagement in the Debate
Asking pertinent Points of Information (POIs), responding to others, and actively
participating in discussions, is highly valued.
Writing skills(Chits/ Documentation)
Writing skills are also assessed, especially in drafting resolutions, amendments, or
working papers, which must be clear, well-organized, and reflective of the assigned
country's position.
Professionalism
Adhering to MUN rules and maintaining decorum throughout the conference. These
criteria ensure that delegates are judged holistically, emphasizing both their individual
contributions and their ability to work collaboratively within the committee.