3.
Atoms and Molecules
Question Answers
Intext Question ( Pg.27 )
Question 1:
In a reaction 5.3 g of sodium carbonate reacted with 6 g of
ethanoic acid. The products were 2.2 g
of carbon dioxide, 0.9g water and 8.2 g of sodium
ethanoate. Show that these observations are in
agreement with the law of conservation of mass.
Sodium carbonate + ethanoic acid → sodium ethanoate +
carbon dioxide + water
Intext Question ( Pg.27 )
Ans.1 In a reaction, sodium carbonate reacts with ethanoic
acid to produce sodium ethanoate,
carbondioxide, and water.
Now, total mass before the
= (5.3 + 6)g
reaction = 11. 3g
and total mass after the reaction =
(8.2 + 2.2 + 0.9)g = 11.3g
Therefore, Total mass before the reaction = Total
mass after the reaction Hence, the given
observations are in agreement with the law of
conservation of mass.
Intext Question ( Pg.27 )
Question 2:
Hydrogen and oxygen combine in the ratio of 1 : 8 by
mass to form water. What mass of oxygen
gas would be required to react completely with 3g of
hydrogen gas?
Intext Question ( Pg.27 )
Ans.2 It is given that the ratio of hydrogen and
oxygen by mass to form water is 1:8. Then, the mass
of oxygen gas required to react completely with 1g of
hydrogen gas is 8g. Therefore, the mass of oxygen
gas required to react completely with 3g of hydrogen
gas is 8 × 3g = 24 g.
Intext Question ( Pg.27 )
Question 3:
Which postulate of Dalton's atomic theory is the
result of the law of conservation of mass?
Intext Question ( Pg.27 )
Ans.3 The postulate of Dalton's atomic theory which
is a result of the law of conservation of mass is
“Atoms are indivisible particles, which can neither be
created nor destroyed in a chemical
reaction”.
Intext Question ( Pg.27 )
Question 4:
Which postulate of Dalton's atomic theory can
explain the law of definite proportions?
Intext Question ( Pg.27 )
Ans.4 The postulate of Dalton's atomic theory which
can explain the law of definite proportion is “The
relative number and kind of atoms in a given
compound remains constant”.
Intext Question ( Pg.30 )
Question 1:
Define atomic mass unit.
Intext Question ( Pg.30 )
Ans.1 Mass unit equal to exactly one- twelfth the
mass of one atom of carbon - 12 is called one atomic
mass unit. It is written as 'u'.
Intext Question ( Pg.30 )
Question 2:
Why is it not possible to see an atom with naked
eyes?
Intext Question ( Pg.30 )
Ans.2 The size of an atom is so small that it is not
possible to see it with naked eyes. Also, atom of an
element does not exist independently.
Intext Question ( Pg.34 )
Question 1:
Write down the formula of
(i) sodium oxide
(ii) aluminium chloride
(iii) sodium suphide
(iv) magnesium hydroxide
Intext Question ( Pg.34 )
Ans.1
Intext Question ( Pg.34 )
Question 2:
Write down the names of compounds represented by
the following formula:
Intext Question ( Pg.34 )
Ans.2
Intext Question ( Pg.34 )
Question 3:
What is meant by the term chemical formula?
Intext Question ( Pg.34 )
Ans.3 The chemical formula of a compound means the
symbolic representation of the composition of a
compound. From the chemical formula of a compound,
we can know the number and kinds of atoms of different
elements that constitute the compound. For example,
from the chemical formula CO2 of carbon dioxide, we
come to know that one carbon atom and two oxygen
atoms are chemically bonded together to form one
molecule of the compound, carbon dioxide.
Intext Question ( Pg.34 )
Question 4:
How many atoms are present in a
Intext Question ( Pg.34 )
Ans.4
Intext Question ( Pg.35 )
Question 1:
Calculate the molecular masses of
Intext Question ( Pg.35 )
Ans.1
Intext Question ( Pg.35 )
Question 2:
Calculate the formula unit masses of given
masses of
Intext Question ( Pg.35 )
Ans.2
Exercise
Question 1:
A 0.24 g sample of compound of oxygen and boron was
found by analysis to contain 0.096 g if boron and 0.144 g of
oxygen. Calculate the percentage composition of the
compound by weight.
Exercise
Ans.1
Exercise
Question 2:
When 3.0 g of carbon is burnt in 8.00 g oxygen, 11.00 g of
carbon dioxide is produced. What mass
of carbon dioxide will be formed when 3.00 g of carbon is
burnt in 50.00 g of oxygen? Which law
of chemical combinations will govern your answer?
Exercise
Ans.2
Exercise
Question 3:
What are polyatomic ions? Give examples?
Exercise
Ans.3
Exercise
Question 4:
Write the chemical formula of the following:
(a) Magnesium chloride
(b) Calcium oxide
(c) Copper nitrate
(d) Aluminium chloride
(e) Calcium carbonate
Exercise
Ans.4
Exercise
Question 5:
Give the names of the elements present in the following
compounds:
(a) Quick lime
(b) Hydrogen bromide
(c) Baking powder
(d) Potassium sulphate.
Exercise
Ans.5
Exercise
Question 6:
Calculate the molar mass of the following substances:
Exercise
Ans.6
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