CPE 100 MIDTERM REVIEW

Chapter 3

+-what are the three issues on human development?

-It is the degree to which human behavior is determined by genetics or biology

-it is learned through interacting with the environment

-theory that says someone changes throughout their life along a smooth course

-theory that contends that people change abruptly

-theory that states a child remains as he grows

-theory that states a child change as he grows

Chapter 4

-It is the systematic and a logical process

-who gave the scientific method?

-+what are the 5 steps of scientific method?

-it is the tentative answer to the research problem or the educated guess?

+-what are the 8 research designs?

-it is a research design that an in-depth look at an individual

-A research design that determines associations

-A research design that determines cause and effect relationships. It involves manipulating one variable
to determine if changes in one variable cause changes in another variable. This methos relies on
controlled methods, random assignment and the manipulation of variables to test a hypothesis.

-A research design that focuses on children’s experiences in natural settings

-This research design studies and follows through a single group over a period of time. The same
individuals are studied over a period of time, usually several years or more.

-A research strategy in which individuals of different ages are compared at one time.

-A research design that combined cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches to learn about life-span
development. This starts with a cross-sectional that includes individuals of different ages. A number of
months or years after the initial assessment, the same individuals are tested again this is the longitudinal
aspect of design. At this later time, a new group of subjects is assessed at each grade level.

-A research design that is a reflective process of progressive problem-solving led by individuals working
with others in teams or as a part of a community of practice to improve the way they address issues and
solve problems
-+what are the 5 data gathering techniques?

-It can be made in either laboratories or natural settings. In ______, behavior is observed in the real
world like classrooms, home in neighborhood.

-Certain indicators of children’s development such as, among others, heart rate, hormonal levels, bone
growth, body weight and brain activity are measured.

-These are prepared tests that assess individuals’ performance in different domains. These tests are
administered in a consistent manner.

-Involve asking the participants to provide information about themselves based on the interview or
questionnaire given by researcher. Gathering data may be conducted through a printed questionnaire,
over the telephone, by mail, in person or on-line.

-These are records of information about a lifetime chronology of events and activities.

-What serve as the genuine purposes of research, serve as reminders that we should protect the
subjects of our study and to maintain the integrity of our research.

-This law was passed in the Philippines in 2012 to protect the fundamental human right of privacy of
communication while ensuring free flow of information to promote innovation ang growth.

Chapter 5

-He is considered as the most well-known psychologist because of his interesting theory about the
unconscious and the sexual development.

-what was his theory?

-It is known as the pleasure areas

-If the needs are not meet along the area

+-What are the 5 stages of Freud’s Psychoanalytic theory?

-(birth to 18 months) The erogenous stage is the mouth. During this stage, the child is focused on oral
pleasures (sucking)

-(18 months to 3 years) The child’s focus of pleasure in this stage is the anus.

-(age 3 to 6) The pleasure or erogenous zone is the genitals.

-In Phallic stage, boys are developing unconscious sexual attraction towards their mother, boys see their
father as a rival for her mother’s affection.

-In phallic stage, girls are developing unconscious sexual attraction towards their father, girls see their
mother as a rival for her mother’s affection.
-(age 6 to puberty) Its during this stage that sexual urges remain repressed. The children’s focus is the
acquisition of physical and academic skills. Boys usually relate more with boys and girls with girls during
this stage. No erogenous zone.

- (puberty onwards) The fifth stage of psychosexual development begins at the start of puberty when
sexual urgers are once again awakened. In earlier stages, adolescents focus their sexual urges towards
their opposite sex peers, with the pleasure centered on the genitals.

+-what are the three components of personality structure?

-It operates the pleasure principle. It focuses immediate gratification or satisfaction of its needs.

-It operates using the reality principle. It is aware that others also have needs to meet. It is practical
because it knows being impulsive or selfish can result to negative consequences, later, so it reasons and
considers the best response to situations.

-embodies a person’s moral aspect. It is likened to conscience because it exerts influence on what one
considers right and wrong.

-In the tropical model, it is when you are not aware with your lives, emotions, beliefs, feelings and
impulses. The Oedipus and Electra complex is buried down here

-In the tropical model, it is when we are aware of the things we do.

-This is the last part of us that we can reach is prompted but it is not our active conscious. Its right below
the surface but still hidden somewhat unless we search for it. Information such as our telephone
number, some childhood memories, or the name of your best childhood friend is stored.

Chapter 6

-who conducted research on cognitive development?

-for how many years did the research go on?

-His research method involved observing a small number of individuals as they responded to cognitive
tasks that he designed. These tasks are known as?

+-what are the basic cognitive concepts?

-It refers to the cognitive structures by which individuals intellectually adapt to and organize their
environment. It is an individual’s way to understand or create meaning about a thing or experience.

-This process is the fitting of new experience into an existing or previously created cognitive structure or
schema

-This is the process of creating new schema.

-It is achieving proper balance between assimilation and accommodation.

-When our experiences do not match our schemata

- (birth to infancy) This stage is when a child who is initially reflexive in grasping, sucking and reaching
becomes more organized in his movement and activity. It focuses on the prominence of the senses and
muscle movement through which the infant comes to learn about himself and the world

-(2-7 years old) Intelligence at this stage is intuitive in nature. At this stage, the child can now make
mental representations and is able to pretend, the child is now ever closer to symbols.

- This is the ability to represent objects and events

-This is the tendency of the child to only see his point of view and to assume that everyone also has his
point of view.

-This refers to the tendency of the child to only focus on one aspect of a thing or event and exclude
other aspects

-Pre-operational children still have the inability to reverse their thinking.

-This is the tendency of children to attribute human like traits or characteristics to inanimate objects.

-This refer to the pre-operational child’s type of reasoning that is neither inductive or deductive.

-(8-11 years old) This stage is characterized by the ability of the child to think logically but only in terms
of concrete objects.

-This refers to the ability of the child to perceive the different features of objects and situations

-During the stage of concrete operations, the child now follow that certain operations can be done in
reverse.

-This is the ability to know certain properties of objects like number, mass, volume or area do not
change even if there is a change in appearance.

-This refers to the ability to order or arrange things in a series based on one dimension such as weight,
volume or size

-(12-15 years old) In this stage thinking become more logical. They can now solve abstract problems and
can hypothesize.

-This is the ability to come up with different hypothesis about a problem and to gather and weigh data
in order to make a final decision or judgment

-This is the ability to perceive the relationship in one assistance and then use the relationship to narrow
down possible answers in another similar situation.

-This is the ability to think logically by applying a general rule to a particular instance or situation
Chapter 7

-This is an 8-stage theory that describes the changes goes through in a lifetime

-What was his full name?

-What was the main focus of Erikson’s theory?

-Stage 1 was?

-what is the conflict of stage 1?

-what are the important events in stage 1?

-what is the virtue of stage 1?

-Stage 2 was?

-what is the conflict in stage 2?1

--what are the important events in stage 2?

-what is the virtue of stage 2?

- Stage 3 was?

-what is the conflict in stage 3?

-what are the important events in stage 3?

-what is the virtue of stage 3?

- Stage 4 was?

-what is the conflict in stage 4?

-what are the important events in stage 4?

-what is the virtue of stage 4?

- Stage 5 was?

-what is the conflict in stage 5?

-what are the important events in stage 5?

-what is the virtue of stage 5?

- Stage 6 was?

-what is the conflict in stage 6?

-what are the important events in stage 6?

-what is the virtue of stage 6?

- Stage 7 was?
-what is the conflict in stage 7?

-what are the important events in stage 7?

-what is the virtue of stage 7?

- Stage 8 was?

-what is the conflict in stage 8?

-what are the important events in stage 8?

-what is the virtue of stage 8?

Chapter 8

-Who was born in 1927, grew up in Bronxville New York which studied in Chicago?

-what theory did he made?

-what are the 3 levels of the theory moral development?

-It is usually prior to age 9. The moral reasoning is based on the consequence or result of the act not on
the whether the act itself is good or bad?

-what are the 2 stages I pre-conventional stage?

-One is motivated by fear of punishment. He will act in order to avoid punishment

-One is motivated to act by the benefit that one may obtain later. You scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours.

-Moral reasoning is based on the conventions or norms of society. This may include approval of others,
law and order.

-what are the 2 stages of conventional level?

-One is motivated by what others expect in behavior- good boy and good girl. The person acts because
he or she values how he or she will appear to others. He or she gives importance on what people will
think or say.

-One is motivated to act in order to uphold law and order. The person will follow the law because it is the
law.

-Moral reasoning is based on enduring or consistent principles. It is not just recognizing the law, but the
principles behind it.

-What are the 2 stages in post conventional level?

-What stage is that laws are wrong can be changed. One will act based on social justice and the common
good.

-What stage is associated with the development of one’s conscience. Having set of standards that drives
one to posses’ moral responsibility to make societal changes regardless of consequences to oneself.
Chapter 9

-Who was born in Russia?

-what theory did he made?

-what plays a very important role in cognitive development for Vygotsky?

-It is Vygotsky’s term for the appropriate assistance given by the teacher to assist the learner accomplish
a task.

-what are the 3 factors crucial in cognitive development

-Refers to the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he can achieve with
guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner

-what are the 3 stages of ZPD?

-It is the competent adult or a more advance peer

-When MKO scaffolds, the process moves in 4 levels:

-Learning will depend on?

-A form of self-talk that guides the child’s thinking and action

Chapter 10

-Who was the proponent of Ecological theory?

-Ecological theory is also known as?

-What are the 5 structure of environment according to Bioecological Model?

-It is the layer nearest the child.

-A child is affected by the behavior and beliefs of the parents and the parents is also affected by the
behavior and beliefs of the child

-This layer serves as the connection between the structures of the child’s microsystem

-This layer refers to the bigger social system in which the child does not function directly

-This layer is found in the outermost part in the child’s environment

-The layer that covers the element of time as it relates to a child’s environments