1. What do you mean by the term metallurgy?

 The various processes involved from the extraction of metal from

it’s ore and then refining of metals, including study of its
properties and uses are collectively known as metallurgy.
2. What is Rancidity?
 The oxidation of food materials such that they become stale and
start smelling is called Rancidity.
3. Why does the colour of Copper II, sulphate solution change,
when an Iron nail is dipped in it.
 Refer/study from guide book
4. Write down two uses of Sodium hydrogen carbonate.
 The two uses of Sodium carbonate (baking soda) are:
 (I) It is used for making unshrinkable wool.
 (II) It is used for manufacturing of chloroform.
5. What do you mean by the cracking of alkane? Name two types
of cracking.
 Cracking is the name given to breaking up large alkane
molecules into smaller and much useful bits. This is achieved by
using high pressure and temperatures without a catalyst, or
lower temperatures or pressures in the presence of catalyst.
 The two types of cracking are: thermal and catalytic cracking.
6. Define displacement reaction. Give example
 Refer from guide book or notes
7. What are hydrocarbons?
 Compounds of carbon in which their molecules are composed of
carbon and hydrogen atoms are called hydrocarbons. Eg: Methane
(Ch3)
8. Give the IUPAC name of CH3COOH.
 Acetic acid
9. Write down the structural formula of methanoic acid.
 The structural formula of methanoic acid CH2O2 (to be given)
10. What is meant by refining of metals? Name four methods
commonly used for refining of metals?
 The process by which impurities are removed from an ore to
obtained pure metals by the process of refining.
 The four methods commonly used for refining of metals are:
Roasting, Calcination, liquation and Electrolytic refining.
11. What do you mean by period and group in a periodic
table?
  The vertical columns are known as groups and the horizontal
columns are known as periods, in the periodic table.
12. How does the valency of an element change on (i) moving
down a group and (ii) on moving from left to right in a period.
 (i) The valency remains same in going down the group
 (ii) The valency first increases from 1 to 4 and then decreases 4
to 0, in going from left to right in the period of the periodic table.
13. What are monoacidic base and diacidic base? Give one
example of each.
 A monoatomic base is a base that produces one hydroxide ion
when one of its molecules undergoes complete ionization.
Example: Sodium hydroxide.
 A Diacidic base is a base that produces two hydroxide ion when
one of its molecules undergoes complete ionization. Example:
Barium hydroxide.
14. What is redox reaction? Give example
 The reaction in which oxidation and reduction reaction occurs
simultaneously are called redox reaction.
 From explanation given in class
15. What is neutralization?
 From book
16. Give any two uses of ethanoic acid.
 The two uses of ethanoic acid are:
 (i) In the rubber and silk industry
 (ii) used as preservatives
17. What are semimetals? Name any two semimetals.
 A semimetal is a material with a very small overlap between the
bottom of the conduction band and the top of the valence band.
 Example: Boron and Silicon
18. What do you mean by Ionization energy? What are the
factors which determine the magnitude of ionization of
energy?
 Ionization of energy is the amount of energy required to remove
an electron from an isolated atom or molecule.
 The factors are:
 Size of the positive nuclear charge
 Size of atom
 Screening/Shielding effect of inner shell electron
19. Name the acid present in the atmosphere of venus?
 The atmosphere of venus is made up of Sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
20. What do you understand by saturated and unsaturated
carbon compounds?
 The compounds of carbon in which the valency between two carbon
atoms in a carbon chain is satisfied by single covalent bond are called
saturated carbon compounds.
 The compounds of carbon in which the valency between two carbon
atoms in a carbon chain is satisfied by double covalent bond or triple
covalent bond are called unsaturated carbon compounds.
21. Write the electronic configuration and find the valency of
Magnesium with atomic number 12 and Sulphur with atomic
number 16.
 The electronic configuration of Magnesium is 2,8,2 with a valency of 2
and the valency of sulphur is 28,6 with a valency of 2.
22. Why are covalent compounds generally poor conductor of
electricity?
 Covalent compounds are generally poor conductors of electricity
because they do not contain ions that can move freely and pass
electricity. For a substance to conduct electricity, it needs charged
particles (either free electrons or ions) that can move freely and carry
the electric current.
23. Write the chemical formula of washing soda.
 Na2CO3.10H2O
24. What is esterification?
 A chemical reaction in which an alcohol reacts with alkanoic acid to
form a sweet smelling compound (ester) is called esterification.
Example is Ethyl ethanoate.
25. Differentiate between Soap and synthetic detergents.
 Soap
 Soap is a sodium and potassium salts of long chain fatty acid
 Soap doesn’t work in hard water
 It is biodegradable
 It form scum in hard water
 They take time to dissolve in water
 These are prepared from vegetable oils and animal fats.
 Detergent
 Detergent is ammonium and sulphonate of long chain fatty acid
 It works in hard water
 It is non biodegradable
 It is able to form lather in hard water also
 They dissolve faster in water.
  They are prepared from hydrocarbons of petroleum or coal.
26. Draw the structure of Bromopentane, Hexanal and
Butanone
 From book