MODULE #3
HYDROSTATIC FORCES ON PLANE SURFACES
• CONTINUITY PRINCIPLE
HYDROSTATIC FORCES
• How large is the force acting on the whole face of a solid
wall subject to water pressure, such as the bank of a dam,
the sluice gate of a dam or the wall of a water tank?
• How large must the torque(moment) be to open the sluice
gate of a dam?
HYDROSTATIC FORCES
𝑭 = 𝛄𝒉𝑨 Vertical distance of the centroid of the
surface from the free surface
Area of the surface
Total Hydrostatic Force Unit weight of the fluid
-force acted upon by the
pressure in an area
𝑰𝒈
Moment of Inertia
𝒆= Distance of the centroid of the surface
from the free surface along its axis
𝑨𝒚
Eccentricity
Area of the surface
-distance between the center of
pressure (where F is located) and the
centroid
𝒉 = 𝒚𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
Centroid and Moment of Inertia
Example
a. Compute the depth of the center of pressure for a vertical
triangular gate having a height “h” and a base width “b” and
submerged in a liquid with its vertex at the liquid surface
b. If the vertex is 1m below the surface, determine the
location of center of pressure from the surface if b = 4 m and
h=3m
c. Compute also the total hydrostatic force on one side of the
gate
Seatwork
a. Compute the depth of the center
of pressure for a vertical circular
gate having a diameter “1.5m” when
its submerged in a liquid with its
upper edge on the liquid surface
b. If the center of the circular gate
is 3 m below the surface, locate the center of pressure
(diameter = 1.5 m)
c. Compute also the hydrostatic
force on one side of the gate
Example
A rectangular gate 1.20 m. wide
rests against a smooth wall at A. It is
hinged at B located at 5.2 m. below
the water surface. A is 2.92 m to the
right of B and 2.2 m above B.
a. Compute the force on the gate
due to sea water pressure (γ SEA =10 kN/m 3 )
b. Compute the horizontal force exerted by the wall at point A
c. Compute the reaction at hinged B
MODULE #4
HYDROSTATIC FORCES ON CURVED SURFACES
• CONTINUITY PRINCIPLE
HYDROSTATIC FORCES-
Curved Surface
FV = 𝛄𝑽𝒐𝒍
F= 𝑭𝑯 𝟐 + 𝑭𝑽 𝟐
FH = 𝛄𝒉𝑨 cp
F = total hydrostatic force
FH = horizontal component of the hydrostatic force; force on
the projection of that surface on a vertical plane
perpendicular to the given direction
FV = vertical component of the hydrostatic force; weight
considering the fluid enclosed by the curved surface and
vertical projection lines extending to the free surface;
= the weight of liquid supported by the surface;
= weight of the liquid displaced by the surface.
FV = vertical hydrostatic force
Weight of the fluid enclosed by the curved surface and vertical
FV projection lines extending to the free surface
A
R
β
B o
β
R FV R
β
C R o
B
Hydrostatic Forces-Cylinder
fluid is acting on the inside the curved surface or the concave surface
fluid is acting on the outside the curved surface or the convex surface
Example
The 6 ft. diameter cylinder weighs 5000 lb. and 5 ft. long is submerged in
water . It is supported by a wall at point A.
Determine the vertical reaction at B
Determine the horizontal reaction at A
Determine the vertical component of the hydrostatic pressure
Water at 20°C
6 ft A
B
Example
Gate BC is an arc submerged in water
A
with an angle β at 45 degrees. Its radius is
2 m.
Determine the magnitude of the
B
horizontal hydrostatic force in the gate
R Determine the vertical component of the
hydrostatic pressure in the gate.
β
C R o
B
Example
The 6 ft. diameter cylinder and 6 ft. long is submerged in water as
shown. It is supported by a wall at point A.
Determine the vertical reaction at B
Determine the horizontal reaction at A
Determine the vertical component of the hydrostatic pressure
A
Water at 20°C 4 ft