Department of Civil Engineering

Project Stage II: BTCVP803

Interim Report

Internship Training at
Vgeotech Experts Pvt. Ltd.:
Field and Laboratory Practices in
Geotechnical Engineering
Submitted as partial fulfillment for the
award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
CIVIL ENGINEERING
A.Y.:2025-26
Submitted by:
Ganesh Madanlal Prajapat (PRN) :2254491191040

Ment
Guided By or
Dr. Shrikant Randhavane Dr. Abhinav Mane
Head, Civil Engineering Managing Director
Department Ph.D., IIT Bombay
1
 CONTENT

Sr. Page
Topic
No No
1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1

1.2 ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION 1

1.3 INTERNSHIP DURATION AND ROLE 2

1.4 SCOPE OF WORK AND PRACTICAL EXPOSURE 2

1.5 EXPOSURE TO TENERING & PROJECT COORDINATION 3

1.6 SITE EXPOSURE & FIELD VISIT 3

1.7 NABL ACCREDITATION & QUALITY ASSURANCE PRACTICES 4

1.8 SKILL DEVELOPMENT & PROFESSIONAL GROWTH 4

2 THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL BACKGROUND 5

2.1 INTRODUCTION 5

2.2 SOIL MECHANICS & ENGINEERING BEHAVIOUR 5

2.3 ROCK MECHANICS 6

2.4 CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL 7

2.5 FIELD TESTING & IN-SITU BEHAVIOUR 7

2.6 QUALITY CONTROL & NABL PRACTICES 8

3 OBJECTIVES 9

4 METHODOLOGY 10
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 4.1 INTRODUCTION 10

4.2 ORGANIZATION WORKFLOW 10

4.3 TENDER ACQUISITION 11

4.4 CLIENT COORDINATION & REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS 11

4.5 SITE EXECUTION & FIELD TESTING 11

4.6 LABORATORY TESTING WORKFLOW 11

4.7 DATA PROCESSING & REPORT PREPARATION 12

4.8 QUALITY CHECK & VERIFICATION 12

4.9 CLIENT REVIEW & FINAL SUBMISSION 12

4.10 DEPARTMENTAL COORDINATION 12

5 OUTCOMES 14

6 WORK PROGRESS & CONTRIBUTION 15

6.1 LABORATORY TESTING 16

6.1.1 ATTERBERG LIMIT 16

6.1.2 DIRECT SHEAR TEST (DST) 17

6.1.3 UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (UCS) TEST 18

6.1.4 CEMENT TEST 19

6.1.5 CONCRETE CUBE TEST (CTM) 20

6.1.6 NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST (NDT) 21

iii
 6.2 SITE TESTING 22

6.2.1 PLATE LOAD TEST (PLT) 22

6.2.2 PILE LOAD TEST (COMPRESSION) 23

6.2.3 PILE LOAD TEST (PULLOUT) 24

6.2.4 PILE LOAD TEST (LATERAL) 25

7 TENDERING, SITE VISITS & GOV. COORDINATION 26

7.1 SITE VISITS & PRACTICAL EXPOSURE 26

7.2 PARTICIPATION IN PRE-BID MEETINGS 27

7.3 TENDERING PROCESS & DOCUMENTATION 28

7.4 INTERACTION WITH GOVERNMENT AUTHORITIES 29

7.5 BILL PASSING & WORK COMPLETION 31

8 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING 33

8.1 INTRODUCTION 33

8.2 PLATE LOAD TEST (PLT) 34

8.3 MODULUS OF SUB GRADE REACTION (K-VALUE) 35

9 INTERIM CONCLUSION 36

10 JOINING LETTER 37

11 COURSES 38

PHOTOGRAPH (ANNEXURE) 39

iv
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
Geotechnical engineering is one of the most fundamental branches of civil engineering, as it
directly deals with the behaviour of soil and rock, which form the foundation of all engineering
structures. The safety, stability, and performance of any structure depend largely on accurate
subsurface investigation, proper material testing, and correct interpretation of engineering data.
In modern construction practices, it is essential to integrate laboratory testing, field
investigation, and quality control measures to ensure reliability and durability of structures.
With this objective, an industrial internship was undertaken at Vgeotech Experts Private
Limited to gain practical exposure in geotechnical engineering and material testing. This
internship played a crucial role in bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge acquired
during academic studies and its real-world application in engineering projects. The training
period provided a deep understanding of testing methodologies, field execution techniques, and
professional engineering practices.

1.2. ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION

The organization presently known as Vgeotech Experts Private Limited was originally
established in the year 2017 under the name Vatsalya Consulting Services. In its initial phase,
the firm focused on providing consultancy and testing services in the field of geotechnical
engineering and construction materials. Over time, with continuous growth, expansion of
technical capabilities, and increasing involvement in large-scale infrastructure, government, and
defence projects, the organization underwent a significant transformation. In 2022, the company
was rebranded as Vgeotech Experts Private Limited to reflect its enhanced expertise, broader
service portfolio, and professional identity in the industry. This transition marked a key
milestone in the company’s development, representing its evolution into a more structured,
technically advanced, and recognized engineering organization. A major strength of the
organization is its NABL (National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration
Laboratories) accreditation, which ensures that all testing procedures are conducted under strict
quality control guidelines. NABL accreditation guarantees accuracy, reliability, and consistency
in test results, as all equipment used in the laboratory is regularly calibrated and maintained
according to standard protocols.

1
1.3. INTERNSHIP DURATION AND ROLE
The internship was carried out over a period of six months, during which significant practical
exposure was gained in both laboratory and field environments. The role during the internship
was that of a Geotechnical and Material Testing Intern, where active participation was
ensured in various testing procedures, field investigations, and report preparation tasks.
Unlike a purely observational training, this internship involved direct involvement in
performing tests, handling equipment, analysing results, and preparing technical reports. This
hands-on approach contributed significantly to improving technical understanding, practical
skills, and professional confidence. Over time, responsibilities increased, reflecting the trust
placed by the organization in the ability to perform assigned tasks accurately and efficiently.

1.4. SCOPE OF WORK AND PRACTICAL EXPOSURE

The scope of work during the internship was extensive and covered multiple aspects of
geotechnical engineering and construction material testing. In the laboratory, various tests were
performed on cement, aggregates, soil, and rock samples to evaluate their engineering
properties. These included Atterberg limits, compaction tests (both light and heavy), direct
shear test (DST), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and point load test on rock. In
addition, concrete testing was carried out using Compression Testing Machine (CTM), along
with non-destructive tests such as Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) test and Rebound Hammer
test. These tests provided a comprehensive understanding of material behaviour, strength
characteristics, and quality assessment techniques.
Field testing formed another important component of the internship, where real-time site
conditions and testing procedures were observed and executed. Tests such as Plate Load Test,
Pile Pull-Out Test, Pile Lateral Load Test, Pile Vertical Compression Test, and K-value test
were conducted to evaluate soil behaviour and foundation performance under different loading
conditions. These tests provided practical insights into load transfer mechanisms, bearing
capacity evaluation, and foundation design considerations.
In addition to testing, significant involvement was achieved in the preparation of technical
reports. Reports for concrete cube testing, plate load test, pile integrity, K-value, and trial pit
investigations were prepared from start to end. This included data collection, analysis, graphical
representation, and final documentation. This process enhanced the ability to convert raw field
and laboratory data into meaningful engineering conclusions.

2
1.5. EXPOSURE TO TENDERING AND PROJECT COORDINATION
A unique and valuable aspect of the internship was the exposure to the tendering process and
project coordination, which provided insight into the administrative and managerial side of civil
engineering projects. Participation in pre-bid meetings at various locations helped in
understanding project requirements, technical specifications, and client expectations.
The internship also involved working with tender documents, understanding the process of
bidding, and learning how tenders are floated and submitted. This exposure helped in
developing a clear understanding of how projects are initiated and executed from a contractual
perspective.
During this process, interaction with various government engineering officials played a
significant role in understanding real-world project execution and approval systems. These
included:
 Junior Engineer (JE)
 Assistant Engineer (AE)
 Assistant Garrison Engineer (AGE)
 Garrison Engineer (GE) (MES Department)
Through these interactions, knowledge was gained regarding billing procedures, measurement
book (MB) entries, work completion certification, and approval mechanisms. This experience
enhanced communication skills and provided confidence in dealing with professional
engineering authorities.

1.6. SITE EXPOSURE AND FIELD VISIT

The internship provided extensive site exposure across multiple locations, including
government and defence project areas such as National Defence Academy (NDA). Visits to
various sites enabled direct observation of construction activities, testing requirements, and site-
specific challenges. Discussions at these sites focused on understanding the type of tests
required for different construction conditions and the importance of proper investigation before
execution.
Exposure to defence and military projects added significant value, as these projects follow strict
standards, specifications, and quality requirements. This experience broadened the
understanding of engineering practices beyond classroom knowledge and helped in developing
a practical approach to problem-solving.

3
1.7. NABL ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE PRACTICES
Working in an NABL-accredited laboratory environment provided valuable exposure to quality
assurance and control practices. The internship included involvement in equipment handling,
calibration procedures, and preparation for NABL audits. Understanding the importance of
calibration and proper documentation helped in realizing the significance of accuracy and
consistency in testing.
NABL accreditation ensures that all testing activities are carried out as per standardized
procedures, maintaining high levels of precision and reliability. This experience contributed to
developing a strong foundation in quality control practices, which is essential for any
professional working in the field of material testing and geotechnical engineering.

1.8. SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONAL GROWTH

The internship played a crucial role in enhancing both technical and professional skills.
Continuous involvement in laboratory and field work improved understanding of engineering
concepts and their practical applications. The ability to handle equipment, perform tests, analyse
data, and prepare reports was significantly developed during this period.
In addition to technical skills, the internship also contributed to the development of soft skills
such as communication, teamwork, time management, and problem-solving. Working under
real site conditions required presence of mind, adaptability, and responsibility. Over time,
confidence increased in handling tasks independently and delivering accurate results.
The trust shown by the organization in assigning responsibilities reflects the growth in
capability, reliability, and professionalism achieved during the internship. This experience has
laid a strong foundation for future career development in the field of civil engineering.

4
2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL BACKGROUND
1.1. INTRODUCTION
Geotechnical engineering and construction material testing are essential components of civil
engineering that ensure the safety, stability, and durability of structures. The behaviour of soil,
rock, and construction materials under various loading conditions must be clearly understood
before design and execution. Laboratory testing provides controlled conditions to determine
material properties, while field testing reflects the actual in-situ behaviour.
The interpretation of these tests requires a combination of theoretical understanding and
practical knowledge. This chapter presents the theoretical principles, practical relevance, and
basic governing equations of the tests performed during the internship.

1.2. SOIL MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING BEHAVIOUR

Soil is a three-phase system consisting of solid particles, water, and air. Its engineering
behaviour is influenced by factors such as grain size, moisture content, density, and stress
conditions. Fine-grained soils, particularly clays, exhibit plastic behaviour and are highly
sensitive to moisture variations.
Atterberg Limits (Consistency Limits)
Atterberg limits define the boundaries between different states of soil consistency, namely
liquid, plastic, and semi-solid states. These limits are essential for soil classification and
predicting its behavior under changing moisture conditions.
The Plasticity Index (PI), which indicates the range of plastic behaviour, is given by:
PI =¿−PL
Practical Insight: Higher PI indicates more plastic and compressible soil, which may lead to
settlement issues in foundations.
Compaction Characteristics
Compaction improves soil density by reducing air voids, thereby increasing its strength and
stability. The relationship between moisture content and dry density is crucial in determining
the optimum condition for compaction.
The dry density is calculated as:
γ
γ d=
1+ w

5
 Practical Insight: Proper compaction is essential in field conditions to avoid excessive
settlement and improve load-bearing capacity, especially in road construction and
embankments.
Shear Strength of Soil
Shear strength is the ability of soil to resist failure under applied stress. It is one of the most
critical parameters in foundation design.
According to the Mohr-Coulomb failure theory:
τ =c +σ tan ⁡ϕ
where cohesion (c) represents bonding between particles and the angle of internal friction (ϕ)
represents resistance due to interlocking.
Practical Insight: Shear strength parameters are directly used in slope stability analysis and
foundation design.
Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS)
UCS test is a simple method used to determine the compressive strength of cohesive soils
without lateral confinement.
P
q u=
A
Practical Insight: It provides a quick estimation of soil strength and is widely used for soft clay
analysis.

1.3. ROCK MECHANICS

Rock materials are generally stronger than soils but may contain discontinuities such as joints
and cracks. These discontinuities significantly influence their behaviour under load.
Point Load Test
The point load test is used to estimate the strength of rock in a simple and quick manner.
P
I s= 2
D

Practical Insight: It is widely used in field conditions where standard compression tests are not
feasible.

1.4. CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

6
 Cement Behaviour
Cement acts as a binding material in concrete. Its properties such as consistency, setting time,
and strength determine the performance of concrete. Proper hydration of cement is essential for
achieving the desired strength.
Practical Insight: Incorrect setting time or poor-quality cement can lead to cracks and reduced
durability.
Aggregate Properties
Aggregates constitute a major portion of concrete volume. Their grading, strength, and
durability influence the overall performance of concrete.
Practical Insight: Well-graded aggregates improve strength and reduce voids in concrete.
Concrete Strength and Testing
Concrete is a composite material whose compressive strength is the most important parameter
in structural design.
P
f c=
A
In addition to destructive testing, non-destructive tests such as UPV and Rebound Hammer are
used to evaluate in-situ concrete quality.

1.5. FIELD TESTING AND IN-SITU BEHAVIOR

Field tests provide actual site conditions and are crucial for foundation design.
Plate Load Test
This test determines the bearing capacity and settlement behaviour of soil.
P
q=
A
Practical Insight: Used for designing shallow foundations.
Pile Load Tests
Pile foundations are used when soil near the surface is weak. Their performance is evaluated
using:
Vertical Compression Test
Pull-Out Test
Lateral Load Test
Practical Insight: These tests ensure safety and load-carrying capacity of deep foundations.
K-Value (Modulus of Subgrade Reaction)

7
 q
k=
δ
This parameter represents soil stiffness.
Practical Insight: Important in rigid pavement design and raft foundations.

1.6. QUALITY CONTROL AND NABL PRACTICES

Quality control ensures accuracy and reliability of test results. In NABL accredited laboratories,
strict procedures are followed, including calibration of equipment and proper documentation.
Practical Insight: Accurate testing leads to safe design and prevents structural failures.

3. OBJECTIVES
1. To gain practical exposure in geotechnical engineering and material testing through laboratory
and field work as per standard practices
2. To understand the complete project workflow, including tendering, execution of tests, and report

8
 preparation
3. To develop knowledge of NABL standards, calibration procedures, and quality control practices,
and understand their importance in professional career growth

4. METHODOLOGY
1.1. INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes the complete organizational workflow and methodology followed
during the internship at Vgeotech Experts Pvt. Ltd. The focus of this chapter is on
understanding how projects are executed in a professional environment, starting from tender

9
 acquisition to final report submission. The learning during this phase was not limited to
technical testing but extended to understanding coordination between departments, data flow,
quality control, and client interaction. The workflow followed by the organization ensures
systematic execution, accuracy in results, and timely delivery of reports.

1.2. ORGANIZATIONAL WORKFLOW

Doubt Clearing
Tender aquisition Quality verification
(If any)
1.3.

Client coordination
and requirement Report preparation Final report
analysis
Figure 1. Organizational Workflow

Site execution and Hardcopy

Laboratory testing
data collection submission

TENDER ACQUISITION
The workflow begins with the Tender Department, which is responsible for identifying and
securing projects. The department continuously tracks tenders released by government and
private organizations.
The process involves detailed study of tender documents, technical specifications, and scope of
work. Participation in pre-bid meetings helps in clarifying requirements and understanding
project expectations. After proper evaluation, the tender is prepared and submitted.
This stage is critical as it defines the nature of work, project scale, and technical requirements to
be followed in subsequent stages.

10
1.4. CLIENT COORDINATION AND REQUIRMENT ANALYSIS
After the tender is awarded, the Operational Department becomes active and acts as a link
between the client and the technical team. This department ensures continuous communication
with clients and proper understanding of project requirements.
The responsibilities include coordinating with both private and government clients,
understanding testing requirements, planning execution schedules, and arranging necessary
resources. Clear communication at this stage ensures smooth execution and avoids confusion
during testing.

1.5. SITE EXECUTION AND FIELD TESTING

Once the project is initiated, the Technical Department assigns the work to site engineers. Site
engineers are responsible for carrying out field tests and collecting accurate data.
The execution process involves mobilization to site, proper setup of equipment, and conducting
tests under actual site conditions. Observations are recorded carefully in standard observation
sheets, and geo-tagged photographs are captured as proof of testing.
Field conditions often vary, requiring practical adjustments and quick decision-making. This
stage demands technical knowledge, accuracy, and presence of mind to ensure reliable results.

1.6. LABORATORY TESTING WORKFLOW

In addition to field testing, several tests are performed in the laboratory under controlled
conditions. Soil and rock samples collected from site are properly labeled and tested using
calibrated equipment.
The laboratory work includes careful handling of samples, conducting tests as per standards,
and recording observations accurately. Once testing is completed, the results are compiled and
forwarded to the technical team for further processing.

1.7. DATA PROCESSING AND REPORT PREPARATION

After completion of field and laboratory testing, all observation sheets and data are transferred
to the report writing section under the Technical Department.
The process involves verification of data, checking for errors, performing calculations, and
preparing graphs where required. Based on this, the initial draft report is prepared in a
structured format.
This stage is crucial as it converts raw data into meaningful engineering information, requiring
both technical understanding and attention to detail.

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1.8. QUALITY CHECK AND VERIFICATION
Before submission to the client, the report undergoes multiple levels of checking to ensure
accuracy and compliance with standards.
The verification process includes:
 Technical Manager Review:
Ensures correctness of calculations, technical interpretation, and adherence to standards
 Quality Manager Check:
Verifies documentation, formatting, and compliance with NABL requirements
This multi-level verification ensures that the report is reliable, error-free, and professionally
prepared.

1.9. CLIENT REVIEW AND FINAL SUBMISSION

After internal approval, the draft report is submitted to the client by the Operational
Department. The client reviews the report and may suggest modifications if required.
Once the client confirms that the report is satisfactory, the final report is prepared. The final
version is printed, signed, and submitted as a hard copy for official use.
This stage completes the project cycle and ensures client satisfaction.

1.1. DEPARTMENTAL COORDINATION

The successful execution of projects depends on coordination among different departments.
Each department plays a specific role:
Tender Department – Project acquisition
Operational Department – Client communication and coordination
Technical Department – Testing and report preparation
Quality Team – Verification and compliance
Effective communication and coordination among these departments ensure smooth workflow
and timely completion of work.
The methodology followed at Vgeotech Experts Pvt. Ltd reflects a systematic and well-
coordinated approach to project execution. Each stage, from tender acquisition to final report
submission, is carried out with defined responsibilities and quality checks.
This structured workflow ensures accuracy, efficiency, and reliability in engineering practices,
while also providing a comprehensive learning experience during the internship.

12
5. OUTCOMES
1. Acquired hands-on experience in laboratory and field testing, including working in an NABL-
accredited environment with standard procedures.
2. Developed the ability to analyse, interpret, and prepare technical reports with proper
documentation and quality assurance.
3. Gained professional understanding of engineering practices, coordination, and the importance of
NABL accreditation in ensuring reliability and enhancing career opportunities.

13
14
6. WORK PROGRESS AND CONTRIBUTION

Figure 2: Gantt Chart Represents Work Progress

Table 1: Table Represents Work Progress

Sr. No. Activity Month 1 Month 2 Month 3
1 Site Testing ✔️ ✔️ —
2 Report Writing — ✔️ ✔️
3 Research Paper Drafting — ✔️ ✔️
4 Visiting Sites — ✔️ ✔️
5 Pre-bid Meeting & Tendering — ✔️ ✔️

15
1.1. LABORATORY TESTING
1.1.1. Atterberg Limits Test
The Atterberg Limits test was performed to determine the consistency and plasticity
characteristics of fine-grained soils. The test includes determination of Liquid Limit (LL),
Plastic Limit (PL), and Plasticity Index (PI), which are essential for soil classification and
understanding its engineering behaviour.
The Liquid Limit was determined using the Casagrande apparatus, where the number of
blows required to close a standard groove in the soil sample was recorded. The Plastic Limit
was obtained by rolling soil threads manually until they crumbled at a specific diameter.
Care was taken to maintain uniform moisture content and consistent testing conditions.
The Plasticity Index was calculated as the difference between Liquid Limit and Plastic Limit,
which indicates the degree of plasticity of soil.

Figure 3: Casagrande Apparatus (Liquid Limit Determination)

Key Observations:

 Accurate groove formation is essential for reliable results

 Moisture control significantly affects LL and PL values
 High PI soils show more compressibility and swelling behaviour

16
1.1.2. Direct Shear Test (DST)
The Direct Shear Test was performed to determine the shear strength parameters of soil. The
test was conducted using a shear box apparatus under controlled conditions. The soil sample
was placed in the shear box and normal load was applied, followed by shear force until
failure occurred. During the test, proper alignment of the apparatus and gradual application
of load were ensured to obtain accurate results. The observations were recorded carefully,
and shear stress values were calculated for different normal loads. The results obtained from
this test are useful in determining the stability of soil and its suitability for foundation design.

Figure 4: Performing Direct Shear Test (DST)

Figure 5: DST Result

17
1.1.3. Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) Test
The UCS test was conducted on cohesive soil samples to determine their compressive
strength without lateral confinement. This test is widely used for quick assessment of soil
strength in the field and laboratory. The cylindrical soil specimen was placed in the testing
machine and axial load was applied continuously until failure occurred. Load and
deformation readings were recorded throughout the test.
The compressive strength was calculated based on the maximum load sustained by the
sample. Proper sample preparation, including maintaining uniform dimensions and avoiding
disturbance, was ensured.

Figure 6: Unconfined Compressive Test

Key Observations:

 Simple and rapid test for rock strength estimation

 Suitable for field and laboratory conditions
 Helps in preliminary classification of rock

18
1.1.4. Cement Test
Cement testing was carried out to determine the setting time and basic properties of cement.
The Vicat apparatus was used to determine initial and final setting times. The cement paste
was prepared with standard consistency, and penetration readings were taken at regular
intervals. Proper timing and environmental conditions were maintained during the test.
This test ensured that cement used in construction meets the required standards for
workability and strength development.

Figure 7: Performing Cement Test

Key Observations:

 Initial setting time should not be too low

 Proper mixing and timing are essential
 Indicates suitability of cement for construction

19
1.1.5. Concrete Cube Test (CTM)
Concrete cube testing was conducted to determine the compressive strength of concrete. The
cubes were cast, cured, and tested using a Compression Testing Machine (CTM). The cube
was placed centrally in the machine, and load was applied gradually until failure occurred.
The maximum load was recorded, and compressive strength was calculated.

Figure 8: Cube Test

Key Observations:

 Proper curing and alignment of the cube were ensured to obtain accurate results.
 Proper curing is essential for strength development
 Failure pattern indicates concrete quality
 Strength must meet design requirements

20
1.1.6. Non-Destructive Test (NDT)
Non-destructive testing methods were used to evaluate the quality of concrete without
causing damage. The Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) test measured the velocity of sound
waves passing through concrete, while the Rebound Hammer test measured surface
hardness.
These tests were performed on existing structures and provided quick assessment of concrete
quality.

Figure 9: Performing Rebound Hammer (NDT)

Key Observations:

 UPV indicates internal quality and uniformity

 Rebound hammer provides surface strength estimation

21
  Useful for rapid field assessment

1.2. SITE TESTING

1.2.1. Plate Load Test (PLT)
The Plate Load Test was conducted to determine the bearing capacity and settlement
characteristics of soil at foundation level. A rigid steel plate was placed on the prepared
ground surface, and load was applied incrementally using a hydraulic jack with reaction
arrangement.
Dial gauges were installed to measure settlement corresponding to each load increment. The
test was carried out carefully to ensure proper seating of the plate and uniform load
distribution.
Load was applied in stages, and settlement readings were recorded at regular intervals until
failure or maximum permissible settlement was reached. The load-settlement curve was
plotted for analysis.

Figure 10: Plate Load Test (Latur)

Key Observations:
 Settlement increased with increase in applied load

22
  Initial linear behaviour followed by non-linear settlement
 Failure identified based on rapid settlement or curve deviation
1.2.2. Pile Load Test (Compression)
The pile load test in compression was performed to determine the load-carrying capacity of
pile foundations. Load was applied vertically on the pile using a hydraulic jack, and
settlement was measured using dial gauges.
The load was applied in increments, and readings were recorded at each stage until the
desired load or failure condition was achieved. Proper alignment and stability of the setup
were ensured during the test.

Figure 11: Vertical Pile Load Test (Sangli)

Key Observations:
 Settlement increased with load
 Load vs settlement curve used for capacity evaluation

23
  No sudden failure indicates safe performance

1.2.3. Pile Load Test (Pullout)

The pull-out test was conducted to determine the uplift capacity of the pile. The load was
applied in an upward direction using hydraulic equipment.
The displacement of the pile was measured at each load increment. The test was continued
until failure or maximum load was reached.

Figure 12: Pullout Test (Sangli)

Key Observations:
 Resistance developed due to skin friction
 Gradual displacement observed
 Failure occurs when resistance is exceeded

24
1.2.4. Pile Load Test (Lateral)
The lateral load test was conducted to determine the lateral load capacity of the pile.
Horizontal load was applied, and lateral displacement was measured.
Proper alignment and reaction system were ensured for accurate results. The load-
displacement curve was used to analyse pile behaviour under lateral forces.

Figure 13: Lateral Test (Sangli)

Key Observations:
 Lateral displacement increases with load

25
  Soil resistance plays major role
 Behaviour depends on soil type and pile depth

7. TENDERING, SITE VISITS AND GOVERNMENT COORDINATION

1.1. SITE VISITS AND PRACTICAL EXPLOSURE
Multiple site visits were carried out at different locations, including government and defence
projects. These visits played a crucial role in understanding real field conditions, project
requirements, and testing needs.

Figure 14: Site Visit at National Defense Academy (NDA) Pune

During site visits, the following activities were performed:

 Inspection of site conditions and soil characteristics
 Understanding scope of work and required testing
 Coordination with site engineers and project staff
 Identification of suitable test locations
 Observation of ongoing construction and foundation work

26
1.2. PARTICIPATION IN PRE-BID MEETINGS
major highlight of the internship was participation in pre-bid meetings as an authorized
representative of the company. This responsibility reflects a high level of trust and confidence
placed by the organization.

Figure 15: Authorized Letter (Pre-bid meeting) at NDA Pune

During pre-bid meetings, the following activities were carried out:

 Understanding project requirements and specifications
 Reviewing tender conditions and technical scope

27
  Clarifying doubts with project authorities
 Collecting necessary information for tender preparation

1.3. TENDERING PROCESS AND DOCUMENTATION

Active involvement was carried out in the tendering process, which provided insight into how
projects are acquired and executed.

Figure 16: Confirmation Letter of Work Done Certificate

The work included:

 Study and analysis of tender documents
 Understanding eligibility criteria and requirements

28
  Preparation of technical and financial documents
 Assisting in submission of tenders
 Bringing tender opportunities for the company

1.4. INTERACTION WITH GOVERNMENT AUTHORITIES

The internship involved direct interaction with government officials, which enhanced
professional communication skills and understanding of administrative procedures.
The officials interacted with include:

29
Figure 17: Site Visit Giri-Nagar (Military Campus) Pune

30
 Figure 18: Signed Document

 Junior Engineer (JE)

 Assistant Engineer (AE)
 Garrison Engineer (GE)
The work carried out includes:
 Discussion regarding testing requirements
 Submission and verification of reports
 Passing of bills for completed work
 Understanding Measurement Book (MB) entries
 Obtaining work completion certification

31
1.5. BILL PASSING AND WORK COMPLETION
An important part of the internship was understanding the billing and certification process for
completed work.

Figure 19: Work Invoice (GeM)

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 Figure 20: Issuing Work Completion Certificate

The work involved:

 Preparation of bills based on work completed
 Submission to concerned authorities
 Verification of work and documentation
 Follow-up for approval and payment
 Obtaining work completion certificate

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8. TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING
1.1. INTRODUCTION
Technical report writing is an essential component of geotechnical engineering practice, as it
transforms raw experimental and field data into structured, interpretable, and decision-oriented
information. It serves as a formal communication tool between engineers, clients, and
regulatory authorities, ensuring that the results of testing and analysis are presented in a clear,
accurate, and standardized manner.
A well-prepared technical report not only documents the testing procedures and results but also
provides engineering interpretation, conclusions, and recommendations necessary for design
and construction.
The key objectives include:
 To document field and laboratory test results in a structured format
 To interpret data using engineering principles and standards
 To provide reliable information for design and construction
 To ensure compliance with relevant IS codes and specifications
 To maintain proper records for future reference and verification

Components of Report:
1. Title Page: Includes project name, client details, and report identification
2. Introduction: Describes the purpose and scope of the test
3. Site Details: Provides location and project information
4. Test Procedure: Explains the method followed as per IS codes
5. Observations: Includes raw data collected during testing
6. Calculations: Shows step-by-step computation of parameters
7. Graphs and Charts: Visual representation of relationships (e.g., load vs settlement)
8. Results: Final values obtained from calculations
9. Discussion: Interpretation of results based on engineering judgment
10. Conclusion and Recommendations: Final remarks and suitability assessment

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1.2. PLATE LOAD TEST (PLT) REPORT
The Plate Load Test is a widely used in-situ test in geotechnical engineering to evaluate the bearing capacity and settlement
characteristics of soil at foundation level. It provides a direct assessment of soil behaviour under loading conditions similar to those
experienced by actual foundations.
The test is particularly useful for determining the suitability of soil for shallow foundations and for estimating the Safe Bearing
Capacity (SBC) required for structural design. The test is conducted as per IS 1888: 1982
The Plate Load Test is a fundamental field test that provides direct insight into soil bearing capacity and settlement characteristics. Its
proper analysis and interpretation are essential for safe and economical foundation design. In technical report writing, it plays a
crucial role in transforming field observations into reliable engineering conclusions.

Figure 21: Excel Sheet of Plate Load Test

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1.3. MODULUS OF SUBGRADE REACTION (K-VALUE)
The K-Value Test, also known as the determination of the Modulus of Subgrade Reaction, is an important field test used to
evaluate the stiffness of soil under applied loads. It represents the relationship between applied pressure and the resulting settlement
of soil and is widely used in pavement design and foundation analysis. The K-value provides a measure of how much a soil layer will
deform under a given load, making it a critical parameter for rigid pavement and raft foundation design.
The test is conducted as per IS 9214: 1979
To determine the modulus of subgrade reaction (K)
To evaluate the stiffness and compressibility of soil
To assess the load-settlement behaviour of subgrade soil

Figure 22: Excel Sheet of K-Value

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9. INTERIM CONCLUSION
The present report summarizes the work carried out during the first three months of the
internship at Vgeotech Experts Pvt. Ltd. During this period, significant exposure was gained in
laboratory testing, field testing, technical report writing, and tendering processes. The internship
so far has provided a strong foundation in understanding the practical aspects of geotechnical
engineering. Hands-on experience in performing various laboratory tests such as soil testing,
concrete testing, and rock testing has enhanced technical knowledge, while field tests such as
Plate Load Test, pile load tests, and K-value tests have provided real-time understanding of soil
behavior under loading conditions.
In addition to testing activities, active involvement in technical report preparation has improved
analytical and documentation skills. The experience of interpreting field data, determining
engineering parameters such as Safe Bearing Capacity (SBC), and preparing structured reports
has contributed significantly to professional development.
Furthermore, exposure to tendering processes, participation in pre-bid meetings, and interaction
with government authorities have provided insight into the administrative and managerial
aspects of engineering projects. This has helped in developing communication skills, confidence,
and understanding of project execution procedures.
As the internship is still ongoing, further learning opportunities are expected in advanced testing,
detailed analysis, and project handling. The remaining duration of the internship will focus on
strengthening technical expertise, improving report writing skills, and gaining deeper exposure
to field and office operations.

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10. JOINING LETTER

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11. COURSES

Figure 23: Course Certificate (Ultimate Microsoft Office; Excel, Word, PowerPoint & Access)

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Figure 24: Site Visit (Serentica Wind Mill Pvt. Ltd.) at Dharashiv

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