Ry Permutations 10! = 10%9% 1) 10x) 265 10! , . mea st * 6) @y 2 x= (10%9)+10 = (09 4 Een (90+ 10) = 100, exch of te following products in factorial E. 8 Baer x6x7 X89 (HM2X4X6x8x19 ‘ation is jehave i feaeds We pepe eR eX) x GX6x7X8x 5x6x7% axaxaxa 0 Ox2x3xay 3 {multiplying and dividing the piven sie product by (1x2%3% 4)} =1X2X3X4%5X6X7x8x9_91 1X2X3X4— 4 an dx6%8%20 = (2X 1)X(2X2)x (2X3) x(2x4)x 2x5) =2°x (1x2x3X4%5) =25 x (61) Find the LCM of (5!, 6!,7!). weet Wehave il LCM(5!, 61,7!) =LCM(5!, 6X5!,7X6X5!) (5!) X LCM (1, 6, 42) = (5!) 42 =7X6X5!=71. UMP If(n+1)!= 90% (n~ 1)1, find n. sumon Wehave (n+1)!=90(n-1)! = (ntlyxnx(n- 3 (nt1)n=90 > (nt1)n=10X9 [writing 90 as product of two consecutive integers] 90x (n=1)! 3 one Hence, n = 9. If(n+2)! = 60 (n-1)}, find». Wehave (n+2)!=60x(n-1)! > (nt2)X(n +1) X nx (n-1)!= 60X(n-D! > (n+2)(n+1)n = 60 > (n+2)(n+1)n=5X4X3 rig 60 as product of 3 consecutive integers] if ee e3, Hence, n = 3, Prove een 2 ne that (n!+1) is not divisible by any natural number between n )isibie , diviaey we Nder. tween 9 nny yn -@ n]. Gi) sine the following products in factorial notation: () 6%7X8X9X 10% 11x12 (i) 3x6%9 which of the following are true or false? (@) @+3)!=2!+3! i) (23) glen 1)!= 12% (n~1)!, find the value of n. 4. If(n +2)! = 2550 X 1, find the value of n git(n+3)!= 56% (n+ 0! find the value of a nt wiigneocar apo ai 2:1, find the value of n. (2x)! nt wi lgpx ns! @)X rH)! = 44:3, find the value of n. bp Evaluate oy scgcay when n= Handr= 2 4: Prove that (n +2) x(n!) =(n})+("+ 1). (n-1)(n-2)... (+1) : @u-) Ga oA pe, __ ttl Gi) Fm-—p! De +1)! 1.501 (i) 29760.) 1390 soz a3) aves 8&n=49 9.n=5 10. n=5 a HINTS TO SOME SELECTED QUESTIONS q+) Oe oe ee {aeasaool Txaon 2x0") 3. unsgust OLUTION EXAMPLE 3 operations: (i) selecting 1 boy o and (ii) selecting 1 girl out The first of these can be 9 ways. By the fundamental prin operations can be performed in( Hence, the teacher c 25 ways. an make the selection of 1 boy or 1 girl in ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES Ina cinema hall, there are three entrance doors and two exit doors. In how many ways can a person e ony ok siagaligneeeioniengs entrance doors. So, there are 3 ways of ee the hall aes enters te ae person can come out through any of the . So, there are 2 ways of coming out. Hence, by the fundamental principle of multiplication, the number of ways in which a person can enter the hall and then come out =(3X2)=6. Three persons enter a railway carriage, where there are 5 vacant seats. In how many ways can they seat themselves? Clearly, the first person can occupy any of the 5 seats So, there are 5 ways in which the first person can seat himself. Now, the second person can occupy any of the remaining 4 seats. So, the second person can be seated in 4 ways. Similarly, the third person can occupy a seat in 3 ways. Hence, by the fundamental principle of multiplication, the required number of ways = (5X 4% 3) = 60. d forum is in the form 00 of three blocks, each If there are six different colours on the whole to ich designs are possible? flag can be coloured by anyone of the 6 given 6 ways to colour the first block. the three 7 a 3 7 3 3°93 a The flag of a newly forme to be coloured differently. choose from, how many su The first block of the colours. So, there arewre — ‘Mathematics for Class 11 senior Secondary Senoo! Ma the total number of required type of umber, Ng re+24) = 32 many murders are there anes as ple? sumbers between 100 and 1000 are 3-digit seLuTon Cleatly, the reform digit numbers with 7 at the unit’ p, = rants there at the hundred’s place. eae dets place can be filled with any of the digits jn. 10 pe hundred’s place canbe filled ind ways. ‘Now, the ten’s place can be filled with any of the digits from 0 jy. ‘So, there are 10 ways of filling the ten’s place. ‘The unit’s place can be filled with 7, Le., in 1 way only. Hence, the number of required type of numbers = (9 10 * 1) = 9) numbers are there between 100 and 1000 such that at last on EE et 7 squumon Clearly, the numbers between 100 and 1000 are 3-digit numbers. So, we have to form 3-digit numbers such that at least one of their digits is 7. Case! Three-digit numbers with 7 at unit's place: ‘The number of ways to fill the hundred’s place =9 [by any digit from 1 to 9] The number of ways to fill the ten’s place = 10 [by any digit from 0 to 9}. The number of ways to fill the unit's place = 1 [by 7 only] «the number of such numbers = (9 x 10 1) = 90. Case ll Three-digit numbers with 7 at ten‘s place: The number of ways to fill the hundreds place = 9 [by any digit from 1 to) The number of ways to fill the ten’s place =1 [by 7 only]. The number of ways to fill the unit place = 10 [by any digit from 0 to 9) the number of such numbers = (9 x 1 10) = 90: Case ll Three-digit numbers with 7 at hundred’s place: ‘The number of ways to fill the hundreds place = ! [by 7 only} The number of ways to fill the ten’s place = De sion [by any digit from 0 The number of ways to il dhe unis piece =10 [by any digit from 0'° 9 between 100 and 1000 such that >, umber, lace21 mn gomre If "Py-a?™'P, = 3:5, find n gauTion Wehave Permutations PP, 23:5 @n+1)1 oe. (2n-1)! (@n+)-G- ay ee = nti)! Qn (n+2)! Qn+1)! (n-1)! 7 FDI *@n=H! (2n+1)X2nx[Qn-1)) (n- pete) X20 X[Qn-1) 09 Ga @+2)X (n+ Xn x[-T] * Ca=Di = 10(2n+1)=3(n+2)(n+1) => 20n+10=3(n?+3n+2) = 3n*-11n-4=0 > WA) Gn+1)=0 > n=4 [+ nF Ff asmeannotbenegative) Hence, n = 4. If ?P, 41 :P, 42 = 11:52, find r. We have 2p: MP4 = 11:52 22! 20! CHD BO-(rray > = s 22 21 (20!) 8-9! (21-1) (20-1) (19-1) x [(18— 7a 2! (52 es 2x21 uu Qi-nQ0-NG9= 52 > (19—1)(20-N QA -1) = 2% 21X52=2%3X7 X4X13 = (19—r)(20-r)(21-1) = 12X13 x14 => 19-r=12 > r=(19-12)=7. Hence, r= 7. Prove that: ()"P,="P,-, (ii) "P,=m- By using the formula for "p., we have ay nt nt_ @ "Pyi= faq! nt mip, itr Pan Pg uno shom furu noy ul Tapes amas 9 us pus suosiad snouvinwuad NO SWaTEOHd quom Se cael a sr oa wise IEP U)+iM4 +iF+184i17+ a sua ac ver ee Pes (0-F+00-€+6D-z+ = a i) a-iemhe: (9-1-1) + G0-(1-O +0 D0-D+ T= 7 (ju) +68) €+000)-7+ GD - L416 OL =" ou o=(€+up(or—u) © 0=06-MZ9- {ML = (I+MC=(L+MIZ4M, FE 42) —) . £_ i+) £_ Lit-42)- (uo + “2G we =O) ure e+) Tiw#4 +] PL=4 & O=(IZ-4) (1-4) = 0= 460+ 498-24 & TL =4-LDG-8D) ve (ist) x 91 a ¥ L i@-91) € [iG-90)-G-zD-8p € ist zg = U@-9-90) | t-4)-s0) { ior TST “B= & 0=(6-4L)(8-4) & 0=(8-u)6-(9-u)uZ & O=2L+M6—N9S— UZ = +C9 2, M(L+m)s=(€-wy@—wyzr @ HO -wut+ 1) _ ©" @-we—-ma-w * SNOLLSINO G3L9973S INOS OL SLNIH ———___ Ol=u% pl=49 6=4(M) g=s() C=4F 8=4() © 16) ozz(m) ozeszz(n) ong) T es Jute ‘s1221¢0 O1 Jo suonemuszad yo zaquamnu ayy pu ‘Ot Seer g dy M+ Pde €+d.-Z+U-1+T jem anord 6 AEC :(y <1 ieee ou (Lu) Eo tog. gu puns M PUBL: 2g = 8g, eae 4 Puy ‘pig = tg, 2 dg 9 suoneinunayMathematics for Class 11 26 senior Secondary Sc : Gace sans EXEROISE ap ie Bind te . cupy 3 vacant seats? ibearran 4. Inhow many Ways P77 ple line up at a ticket window ofa cing, eaten ake can a when hall? scan stand ina queue? @) the 3, Inhow many 2) "women draw water from 6 wells, ifr > din how many ways can 6 in ci = Gai) eo tna ae books, one each in chemistry, physic, Gv) al 5 now may atheati, be aan Pecan ship of th Ee eee jentship of the student 6 Sixstudentsare contesting the ec be listed on the ballot paper” efor anion. In how many ways can This Scent Ssmenamls womenin aow eo st Cs women ooupy sucht 7. lis ‘such arrangements are possible? : > the even places. How many jvcolumn A and 6 items in column B. A student is asked 8 There are 6 tert in column A with an item in column B. How man spp {0 mat eae or incorrect answers are there to this question? y. ee or: to sit Shree fais 15 Donn V cnet each were purchased fom @ plastic 26. In ho warehouse. How many ordered pairs of letters, to be used as initials, can @ be formed from them? 40. Ten students are participating in a race. In how many ways can the first ie three prizes be won? ; 11, I there are 6 periods on each working day ofa school, in how many ways “a ‘an one arrange 5 subjects such that each subject is allowed at least one Be ae tat ono . number of words formed (may be meaningless) ey : eataMnGE Merete werent oe o | oy 14. Find the number of dit a ae ees (eany be menninglens) thatean | 15. How cag Ho ae eam the letters of the word “SUNDAY? | ee sa. 60 16. How many words beginnit : | 6. 72 ting the tog ar eaeming with C and ending with Y can be formed by | eco, 17. Find the number of permutati ‘ = many ofthese beg wth Esa ates ofthe word ENGLISH Hom 9 1n how many ways can the letters of the 4 2 24. 12 go, how many words wll the vowels be word “HEXAGON’ be permuted iL = many words can be together 23. ~ an atte ome teas cca eee es ofthe word ORIENTA | that the ony WaYS can the letters ee — consonants may of the word ‘FAILURE’ be arranged °° mY only ode positions? 7's: the word ‘GOLDEN’ will the vowels neve" Sti