Software Requirements Specification

for

Smart Carbon Monoxide Detector System Using

LoRa

Version 1.1 approved

Prepared by: Madhura Patil, Shraddha Patane, Pratik Paithankar, Siddharth Nale
Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune
Academic Year: 2025–26

Copyright © 1999 by Karl E. Wiegers. Permission is granted to use, modify, and

distribute this document.
Contents
Revision History 4

1 Introduction 5
1.1 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2 Document Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.4 Product Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.5 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2 Overall Description 7
2.1 Product Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2 Product Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3 User Classes and Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.4 Operating Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.5 Design and Implementation Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.6 User Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.7 Assumptions and Dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3 External Interface Requirements 9

3.1 User Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.2 Hardware Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.3 Software Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.4 Communications Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

4 System Features 10
4.1 System Feature 1: CO Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.1.1 Description and Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.1.2 Functional Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.2 System Feature 2: LoRa Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.2.1 Description and Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.2.2 Functional Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

5 Other Nonfunctional Requirements 11

5.1 Performance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.2 Reliability Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.3 Safety Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.4 Security Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

A Glossary 12
Software Requirements Specification 3

B Analysis Models 12

C To Be Determined List 12
Software Requirements Specification 4

Revision History

Name Date Reason for Changes Version

Project Feb 2026 Initial draft 1.0
Team
Project Feb 2026 Detailed expansion with LoRa and 1.1
Team hardware
Software Requirements Specification 5

1 Introduction
1.1 Purpose
This document provides a detailed Software Requirements Specification (SRS) for the
Smart Carbon Monoxide Detector System Using LoRa. The purpose of this system is to
continuously monitor carbon monoxide concentration inside army tents deployed in high-
altitude regions and to generate timely alerts locally and remotely in order to prevent CO
poisoning incidents. This SRS serves as a contractual and technical reference between
developers, evaluators, and stakeholders.

1.2 Document Conventions

• The term “shall” indicates a mandatory requirement

• Functional requirements are labeled as REQ-FX

• Non-functional requirements are labeled as REQ-NFX

• CO concentration values are expressed in ppm

1.3 Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions

• Project guides and examiners

• Software and hardware developers

• Test engineers

• Military safety administrators

Readers unfamiliar with the system should begin with Sections 1 and 2. Technical
readers may focus on Sections 3, 4, and 5.

1.4 Product Scope

The Smart Carbon Monoxide Detector System is an IoT-based embedded safety system
that detects hazardous CO levels, monitors environmental parameters, communicates
data using LoRa long-range wireless technology, and provides real-time alerts through
alarms and dashboards. The system aims to reduce fatalities caused by CO exposure in
enclosed high-altitude military shelters.
Software Requirements Specification 6

1.5 References
• IEEE Std 830–1998 SRS Guidelines

• MQ-7 Gas Sensor Datasheet

• ESP32 Technical Reference Manual

• LoRaWAN Specification v1.0

Software Requirements Specification 7

2 Overall Description
2.1 Product Perspective
The system is a distributed sensing architecture. Each tent contains a sensor node consist-
ing of sensors, an ESP32 controller, and an RFM95 LoRa module. These nodes transmit
data to a receiving station or gateway, which forwards it to a monitoring dashboard. The
system operates independently of cellular or Wi-Fi infrastructure.

2.2 Product Functions

• Detect carbon monoxide concentration in real time

• Measure ambient temperature and humidity

• Compare readings against predefined safety thresholds

• Trigger audible alarms locally

• Transmit sensor data wirelessly using LoRa

• Display safety status on a centralized dashboard

• Store historical data for analysis

2.3 User Classes and Characteristics

User Class Description

Soldiers Receive local alerts; minimal in-
teraction
Command Offi- Monitor dashboard and initiate
cers response
System Admin Configure thresholds and main-
tain nodes

2.4 Operating Environment

• Hardware: ESP32, MQ-7, DHT22, RFM95 LoRa, OLED, Buzzer

• Firmware Platform: Arduino IDE

• Frontend: Web browser-based dashboard

• Deployment: High altitude, extreme cold, limited power

Software Requirements Specification 8

2.5 Design and Implementation Constraints

• Limited power availability

• LoRa duty-cycle and payload size restrictions

• Sensor warm-up and calibration requirements

• Operation in temperatures below 0°C

2.6 User Documentation

• Installation Manual

• User Operation Guide

• Maintenance and Troubleshooting Guide

2.7 Assumptions and Dependencies

• LoRa modules operate on permitted ISM band

• Sensors remain within calibration limits

• Receiving node remains operational

Software Requirements Specification 9

3 External Interface Requirements

3.1 User Interfaces
• OLED Display showing CO ppm, temperature, humidity, and status

• Web dashboard with color-coded status indicators

3.2 Hardware Interfaces

Component Interface Type Description

MQ-7 CO Sensor Analog CO concentration input
DHT22 Sensor Digital Temperature and humidity
input
OLED Display I2C Local visualization
Buzzer GPIO Audible alert
RFM95 LoRa Module SPI Long-range wireless com-
munication

3.3 Software Interfaces

• Arduino libraries for sensors

• SPI and I2C drivers

• Web application using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript

3.4 Communications Interfaces

• Protocol: LoRa / LoRaWAN

• Frequency Band: ISM band (868/915 MHz)

• Data Rate: Low data rate optimized for long range

Software Requirements Specification 10

4 System Features
4.1 System Feature 1: CO Detection
4.1.1 Description and Priority

Priority: High

4.1.2 Functional Requirements

• REQ-F1: The system shall detect CO concentration between 10 and 1000 ppm.

• REQ-F2: The system shall sample CO levels at regular intervals.

• REQ-F3: The system shall classify CO levels into Safe, Alert, and Dangerous
states.

4.2 System Feature 2: LoRa Communication

4.2.1 Description and Priority

Priority: High

4.2.2 Functional Requirements

• REQ-F8: The system shall transmit sensor data using the RFM95 LoRa module.

• REQ-F9: The system shall support communication range greater than 5 km.

• REQ-F10: The system shall retransmit data in case of packet loss.

Software Requirements Specification 11

5 Other Nonfunctional Requirements

5.1 Performance Requirements
• REQ-NF1: System response time shall be less than 2 seconds.

5.2 Reliability Requirements

• REQ-NF2: System shall operate continuously for 24x7.

5.3 Safety Requirements

• REQ-NF3: System shall avoid false alarms below safe limits.

5.4 Security Requirements

• REQ-NF4: LoRa data transmission shall be protected from unauthorized access.
Software Requirements Specification 12

A Glossary
• CO: Carbon Monoxide

• LoRa: Long Range Communication

• ppm: Parts per million

B Analysis Models
• System Architecture Diagram

• Data Flow Diagram

C To Be Determined List
• AI-based prediction module

• Automated ventilation control