Electronic Principles and

Circuits / BEC303

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By

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Dr. Ramalingam. H.M,

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Mangalore Institute of Technology & Engineering
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Moodabidri-Karnataka
Module-5

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Power Amplifiers: Amplifier terms, Two load lines, Class A Operation, Class B

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operation, Class B push pull emitter follower, Class C Operation.

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Thyristors: The four layer Diode, SCR, SCR Phase control, Bidirectional
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Thyristors, IGBTs, Other Thyristors.
Four Types of Negative Feedback
• Classes of Operation

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Four Types of Negative Feedback
• Types of Coupling

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• Ranges of Frequency
• Signal Levels
Two Load Lines

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a) VDB amplifier; (b) dc load line; (c) ac equivalent circuit; (d) ac load line.
Two Load Lines

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Class A Operation

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 Class A Operation
Output Power

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maximum output power is:

Transistor Power Dissipation

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Class B push-pull amplifier
 Class B Push-Pull Emitter Follower

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Class B push-pull emitter follower: (a) complete circuit; (a) DC and ac load lines; (b) ac equivalent circuit.
(b) dc equivalent circuit
Class B Push-Pull Emitter Follower

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Class B Push-Pull Emitter Follower

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Class C Operation

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(a) Tuned class C amplifier;

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(b) voltage gain versus frequency;
(c) dc equivalent circuit is unbiased;
(d) two load lines;

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(e) ac equivalent circuit.
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Class C Operation

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(a) Input signal is negatively clamped at

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base;
(b) collector current flows in pulses;
(c) ac collector circuit;

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(d) collector voltage waveform.
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The Four-Layer Diode
Transistor latch

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The Silicon Controlled Rectifier

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The Silicon Controlled Rectifier

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The Silicon Controlled Rectifier

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SCR Phase Control

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 SCR Phase Control
To determine the voltage across the capacitor, use the following steps:

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Bidirectional Thyristors

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Bidirectional Thyristors

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 IBGTs

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Other Thyristors
Photo-SCR

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Other Thyristors
Gate-Controlled Switch

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Other Thyristors
Silicon Controlled Switch

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Other Thyristors
Unijunction Transistor

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Other Thyristors
programmable unijunction transistor (PUT)

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