CS/B.
TECH(N)/EVEN/SEM-4/4446/2024-2025/I124
MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, WEST BENGAL
Paper Code : CE(PC)402 Environmental Engineering-I
UPID : 004446
Time Allotted : 3 Hours Full Marks :70
The Figures in the margin indicate full marks.
Candidate are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable
Group-A (Very Short Answer Type Question)
1. Answer any ten of the following : [ 1 x 10 = 10 ]
(I) Settling velocity of flocculants particles ___________ (Increases/ decreases/ does not vary) with time.
(II) The maximum allowable concentration of Iron in water is ________ ppm.
(III) Water is said to be contaminated with waste water, if it contains _________________ (Total Coliform/ Fecal
Coliform/ Any coliform/ viruses).
(IV) The color of water for domestic supplies, on standard platinum-cobalt scale, should not exceed _____________
TCU.
(V) The domestic water demand for drinking as per National Building Code of India is ________________ LPCD.
(VI) Metering system causes reduction in the _________________.
(VII) A geological formation, which not only stores water, but can yield it in sufficient quantity, is known as an
_______________
(VIII) A water having 1 unit lesser pH, will be __________ times more acidic.
(IX) Particles intended to be removed in a continuous flow water sedimentation tank, should have settling velocity
more than ___________ of the tank.
(X) If for a cascade aerators no of steps were increased by n times with height h remains constant, the aeration
efficiency will be increased by ______________ times
(XI) State the name of the metal, which is not toxic to human beings.
(XII) The growth of population in a city can be represented by a ______________curve.
Group-B (Short Answer Type Question)
Answer any three of the following : [ 5 x 3 = 15 ]
2. Find the terminal settling velocity of a spherical particle with diameter 0.5mm and specific gravity of 2.65 [5]
settling through water at 20oC (ρ = 998.2kg/m3, μ = 1.002 X 10-3 N.s/m2).
3. Draw typical flow charts of a water treatment plant treating raw water from (a) A Typical Ground Water [5]
Source (b) A Typical Surface Water Source.
4. Derive the “Newton’s Equation” expressing the terminal settling velocity of a perfect sphere in a liquid. [5]
From that equation derive the “Stokes Law” in case of a Laminar Flow. Use standard symbols and
notations.
5. Explain the double mass curve method for estimating the capacity of a water distribution reservoir. [5]
6. Why coagulants and coagulant aids are required? [5]
Group-C (Long Answer Type Question)
Answer any three of the following : [ 15 x 3 = 45 ]
7. (a) In a continuous flow settling tank 3 m deep and 60 m long, what flow velocity of water would you [5]
recommend for effective removal of 0.025 mm particles at 25°C. The specific gravity of particles is
2.65 and kinematic viscosity ν for water may be taken as 0.01 cm2/ sec.
(b) A rectangular sedimentation basin is to handle 10 MLD of raw water. A detention basin of width to [ 10 ]
length ratio of 1:3 is proposed to trap all particles larger than 0.04 mm in size. Assuming a relative
density of 2.65 for the particles and 20°C as the average temperature, compute the basin
dimensions. If the depth of the tank is 3.5 m, calculate the detention time.
8. (a) Describe the chemicals used in coagulation. Discuss their comparative merits and demerits. [7]
(b) A coagulation-sedimentation plant clarifies 40 MLD of water. The quantity of filter alum required at [8]
the plant is 20 mg/L. If the raw water is having an alkalinity equivalent to 5 mg/L of CaCO3,
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determine the quantity of filter alum and the quick lime (containing 82% of CaO) required per year
by the plant. Given the molecular weights as: Al = 27, S = 32, O = 16, H = 1, Ca = 40, C = 12.
9. (a) Describe haul container collection system with a neat sketch. [6]
(b) Describe the material mass balance analysis method to assess solid waste generation for a [3]
particular industry.
(c) If the Solid waste generation rate for a municipality is 100 tonne/day and density of solid waste is [6]
400 kg/m3, then calculate the windrow space.
10. Determine the distribution of flow in the pipe network shown in the figure below. The head loss hL may be [ 15 ]
assumed as KQn. The flow is turbulent and the pipes are rough. The value of K for each pipe is indicated in
the figure. Use Hardy-Cross method.
11. (a) Define Municipal Solid Waste and explain the necessity of its safe disposal. [5]
(b) Describe the typical composition and characteristics of Municipal Solid in Indian context. [ 10 ]
*** END OF PAPER ***
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CS/[Link](N)/EVEN/SEM-4/4446/2023-2024/I124
MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, WEST BENGAL
Paper Code : CE(PC)402 Environmental Engineering-I
UPID : 004446
Time Allotted : 3 Hours Full Marks :70
The Figures in the margin indicate full marks.
Candidate are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable
Group-A (Very Short Answer Type Question)
1. Answer any ten of the following : [ 1 x 10 = 10 ]
(I) According to IS : 1172-1963, a minimum of ______ litres of water per head per day is required for Boarding
schools.
(II) What is the design period for the water treatment unit?
(III) What is the upper surface of the zone saturation called?
(IV) The permissible limit of turbidity of domestic water is ____ ppm.
(V) The time period for which the water is stored in a sedimentation tank is called _____.
(VI) The pathogenic bacteria do not last long at a pH ______ .
(VII) The process of burning of municipal solid waste at high temperature is called ____________ .
(VIII) The total hardness of water is 100ppm as CaCO3 equivalent. What is the type of water?
a) Soft, b) Moderately hard, c) Hard, d) Very hard
(IX) Aeration of water is done to remove ____________
(X) What is the fire demand of the city of 1lakh population by Buston’s formula?
(XI) The size of suspended solids lies in the range of ________
(XII) What is the concentration of H+ ions in moles/L in water if the pOH value is 6?
Group-B (Short Answer Type Question)
Answer any three of the following : [ 5 x 3 = 15 ]
2. State the steps for transporting MSW. [5]
3. Write a short note on: Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management System. [5]
4. State the factors affecting water demand. [5]
5. Draw a flow chart of Ground water treatment system. [5]
6. What is break-point chlorination? [5]
Group-C (Long Answer Type Question)
Answer any three of the following : [ 15 x 3 = 45 ]
7. Write short note on: [ 15 ]
a) Indore Method of Composting
b) Bangalore Method of Composting
c) treatment and disposal of MSW
8. (a) Explain in three methods of estimating the future population of a city . what are there relative [5]
merits ?
(b) assuming the geometric rate of growth of population of a town , calculate the population of the [ 10 ]
town in the year 1991 with the help of the following census records of the population .
year 1951 1961 1971
Population on thousand 258 495 735
9. Explain the factors governing the selection of a particular source of water. [ 15 ]
10. A filter unit is 4.5 m by 9.0 m . After filtering 10,000 cubic meter per day in 24 hours period , the filter is [ 15 ]
back washed at a rate of 10 l/sq m/sec . for 15 min compute the average filtration rate quantity and
percentage of treated water used in washing and the rate of wash water flow in each trough. assume 4
troughs .
11. For the water supply of a small rural town with the daily requirement of 2,25,000 liters it is proposed to [ 15 ]
construct a distribution reservoir .
The pattern of draw off is as under :
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7.00 A.M-------8.00 A.M 30% of day’s supply
8.00 A.M------5.00 A.M 35% of day’s supply
5.00 A.M -----6.30 A.M 30% of day’s supply
6.30 A.M------7.00 A.M 5% of day’s supply
The pumping is to be done at a constant rate of 8 hours per day (8 A.M to 4 P.M)
Determine the storage capacity of the reservoir .
*** END OF PAPER ***
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CS/[Link](N)/EVEN/SEM-4/4446/2022-2023/I124
MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, WEST BENGAL
Paper Code : CE(PC)402 Environmental Engineering-I
UPID : 004446
Time Allotted : 3 Hours Full Marks :70
The Figures in the margin indicate full marks.
Candidate are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable
Group-A (Very Short Answer Type Question)
1. Answer any ten of the following : [ 1 x 10 = 10 ]
(I) The bacteria which survive in the absence of Oxygen, are called ________________
(II) Settling velocity of inorganic particles follow __________
(III) A large whirling mass of air, at the centre of which the barometric pressure is low, is known as ____________
(IV) Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) does not includes __________________
(V) The earth’s water circulatory system is known as ________________
(VI) Sanitary landfill site should include ___________________________________
(VII) The maximum permissible concentration of sulphates is concrete curing and mixing water is _______________
(VIII) The 100% removal line for Type-2 sedimentation is ____________________________to time axis.
(IX) In double mass curve method, the size of a distribution reservoir is equal to maximum
excess_____________________
(X) Per capita water demand is an averaged value over _______ Years
(XI) Peak Demand (Maximum Hourly Demand of the Maximum Day) is greater than the Annual Average Hourly
Demand by __________ times
(XII) ___________ waters typically have high dissolved solid concentration.
Group-B (Short Answer Type Question)
Answer any three of the following : [ 5 x 3 = 15 ]
2. Estimate the following for design population of 100000 and average 270 lpcd. Average Daily Demand, [5]
Maximum Daily Demand, Maximum Hourly Demand, Fire Demand, Coincident Demand.
3. Derive the expressions for finding out the yield of an infiltration gallery. [5]
4. Derive the exponential population growth equation as proposed by Malthus. [5]
5. 600 m3/dy of water is to be obtained from a proposed infiltration gallery, which is placed at 6m depth [5]
from sub-surface water table. The co-efficient of permeability of the soil aquifer is 100m/day. Find the
length of the gallery if the drawdown in the gallery on pumping is not to exceed 4m. The radius of
influence may be assumed to be 100m.
6. List down the standards of any five of the below mentioned parameters of drinking water and the effect of [5]
their undesirable presence: Colour, Taste, Odour, pH, Turbidity, TDS, Chloride, Flouride, Nitrate, Iron,
Manganeese, Total hardness, alkalinity, cyanide, lead, mercury, total arsenic, total chromium, Bacteria
Group-C (Long Answer Type Question)
Answer any three of the following : [ 15 x 3 = 45 ]
7. (a) Derive the equations for the arithmetic increase method, geometric increase method, and [5]
incremental increase method with reference to population growth.
(b) The population growth data for a city between 1992-2004 is given below. Estimate the future [ 10 ]
population for the year 2016. Adopt arithmetic increase, geometric increase, and incremental
increase methods for population projection.
Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04
Population 110 111 113 116 118 119 123 125 126 128 131 133 136
(Thousand)
8. (a) Derive the expressions for finding out the yield of a well in case of a steady flow in an unconfined [5]
aquifer.
(b) A well penetrates an unconfined aquifer having a saturated depth of 100 metres. The discharge is [ 10 ]
250 liters per minute at 12 metres drawdown. Assuming equilibrium flow conditions and a
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homogeneous aquifer, estimate the discharge at 18 metres drawdown. The distance from the well
where the drawdown influences are not appreciable may be taken to be equal for both the cases.
9. (a) Derive the logistic population growth equation as proposed by Verhulst. [5]
(b) In two periods of each of 20 years, a city has grown from 30000 to 170000 and then to 300000 [ 10 ]
population. Determine (a) the saturation population, (b) The equation of the logistic curve, (c) the
expected population after the next 20 years.
10. (a) Derive the expressions for finding out the yield of a well in case of a steady flow in a confined [5]
aquifer.
(b) A pumping test was made in a medium sand and gravel to a depth of 15 m where a bed of clay was [ 10 ]
encountered. The normal level of ground water was at surface. Observation holes are located at
distances 3m and 7.5m from the pumping well. At the discharge of 3.6 L/Sec from the pumping
well, a steady state was attained in about 24 hours. The drawdown in the test wells were 1.65m and
0.36m respectively. Compute the coefficient of permeability of the soil.
11. (a) Write down the Carmen-Kozeny equation to determine the head loss through a sand filter bed with [5]
multiple-sand layers and explain each term.
(b) Water at 20°C (ρ = 998.2kg/m3, μ = 1.002 X 10-3 N.s/m2) is passed through a bed of uniform sand at [ 10 ]
a filtering velocity of 4.32m/h. The bed is 0.75m deep and is composed of non-uniform sand
(specific gravity of 2.65) stratified so that the smallest particles are on top and the largest at the
bottom. The shape factor is 0.85 and the porosity is 0.4. Determine the head loss through the bed.
The size distribution of the granules is given below:
Particle Size, mm Mass Fraction in
Passing Retained Size Range, Xij
1.41 0.01
1.41 0.84 0.11
0.84 0.71 0.20
0.71 0.60 0.32
0.60 0.50 0.21
0.50 0.42 0.13
0.42 0.02
*** END OF PAPER ***
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