MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY (CHM 117)

Dr. Mohammad Harun-Ur-Rashid, Chemistry, IUBAT

FOR ENGINEERING

Qus.1. Calculate the pH of 0.01 M HCl solution.

Solution: we know,

pH = -log[H+] Here, [H+] = 0.01 M

= -log[0.01]

= -log[1 x 10-2]

= 2 log10-log1 = 2

The pH of 0.01 M HCl solution is 2. (Ans)

Exercise.1. Calculate the pH of 0.0001 M H2SO4 solution.

Exercise.2. Calculate the pH of 0.05 M H2NO3 solution.

Qus.2. If the concentration of an alkaline solution is 2 X 10-3 M what will be the pH of the
solution?

Solution: we know,

pOH = -log[OH–]

= -log (2 X 10-3)= 2.70

we also know, pH + pOH = 14

pH = 14 – pOH = 14 – 2.7 = 11.3

The pH of the solution is 11.3. (Ans.)

Exercise.3. If the concentration of an alkaline solution is 3 X 10-4 M what will be the pH of the
solution?

Exercise.4. If the concentration of an alkaline solution is 5 X 10-5 M what will be the pH of the
solution?
Qus.3. What will be the pH of 2.5% NaOH solution (the gram molecular weight of NaOH is 40
g)?

Solution:

2.5% solution means 100 mL contains 2.5 g NaOH

Therefore, 1000 mL solution contains 25 g NaOH

= (25/40) mol NaOH = 0.625 mol/L

So the [OH-] is 0.625 M.

We know, pOH = –log[OH–]

= –log 0.625

= 0.204

Again, pH + pOH = 14

pH = 14 – pOH = 14 – 0.204= 13.796

The pH of the solution is 13.796. (Ans.)

Qus.4. Calculate the pH of 0.0001 M NaOH solution.

Solution:

Here, [OH–] = 0.0001

pOH = –log[OH–] = –log0.0001= 4.0

we know, pH + pOH = 14

pH = 14 – pOH = 14 – 4= 10.0

The pH of the solution is 10.0. (Ans.)

Exercise.7. Calculate the pH of 0.006 M NaOH solution.

Qus.5. The volume of a gas at certain pressure and 27°C temp. is 1.85 X 10-2 m3 . What will be
volume of the gas at 25°C?

Solution:

Here, initial temp. T1 = 27°C= (27+273) K= 300 K,

Initial volume, V1= 0.0185 m3, changed temp. T2=25°C = (25+273) K= 298 K

According to Charles’ law, V1/T1 = V2/T2

Then, V2 = (V1 X T2)/T1

V2 = (0.0185 x 298)/300=1.84X10-2 m3

At 25°C the volume of gas is 1.84X10-2 m3.

Exercise.9. The volume of a gas at certain pressure and 23°C temp. is 1.90 X 10-2 m3 . What will
be volume of the gas at 25°C?

Exercise.10. The volume of a gas at certain pressure and 33°C temp. is 2.15 X 10-2 m3 . What
will be volume of the gas at 25°C?

Qus.6. What is mass of an Oxygen molecule?

Solution:

We know the molar mass of O2 = 32.0

According to Avogardo’s hypothesis or law 1mole of all gases contains 6.023 X 1023 numbers of
molecules.

So 6.023 X 1023 molecules have a mass of 32.0g

Then the mass of 1 molecule of O2 = 32.0/6.023 X 1023= 5.31 X 10–23

Mass of 1 oxygen molecule is 5.31 X 10–23g. (Ans.)

Exercise.11. What is the mass of a Carbon dioxide molecule?

Exercise.12. What is the mass of a water molecule?

Solution:

Here, initial pressure, P1= 93.33 kPA, initial volume, V1= 0.30 m3, final pressure P2=106.60 kPA,
final volume of O2, V2= ?

According to Boyle’s law, P1V1=P2V2

V2= P1V1/ P2=(93.33X0.30)/ 106.60=0.2626 m3

The volume of O2 will be 0.2626 m3. (Ans.)

Exercise.13. At 0°C temp. and 85.25 kPA pressure the volume of O2 is 0.28 m3. Keeping the
temp. constant if the pressure is raised to 99.50 kPA, what will be the volume of gas?

Exercise.14. At 0°C temp. and 101.56 kPA pressure the volume of O2 is 0.20 m3. Keeping the
temp. constant if the pressure is raised to 120.30 kPA, what will be the volume of gas?

Percentage composition of compounds:

Composition of a compound is the relative quantity of different elements present in it.

Mass of the elements in 1 mole of the substance

Solution:
Here, atomic mass of Na = 23
atomic mass of C = 12
atomic mass of O = 16
Therefore, molecular mass of Na2CO3= 2 x 23+12+3x16=106
Then, % of Na = {(2 x 23)/106} X 100 = 43.4
% of O = {(3 x 16)/106} X 100 = 45.3
% of C = {(1 x 12)/106} X 100 = 11.3
The composition of Na2CO3 is, Na = 43.4%, O = 45.3%, C = 11.3%. (Ans)
Exercise.15. Find out the percentage of composition of H2CO3?

Exercise.16. Find out the percentage of composition of Na2SO4?

Qus.9. Calculate the percentage composition of glucose, C6H12O6.

Solution:
Here, atomic mass of H = 1
atomic mass of C = 12
atomic mass of O = 16
Therefore, molecular mass of C6H12O6= 6 X 12 + 12 X 1 + 6 X 16=180
Then, % of H = {(12 X 1)/180} X 100 = 6.66
% of O = {(6 x 16)/ 180} X 100 = 53.33
% of C = {(6 x 12)/ 180} X 100 = 40
The composition of C6H12O6 is, C = 40%, H = 6.66%, O = 53.33%. (Ans)
Exercise.17. Calculate the percentage composition of oxalic acid, (COOH)2.

Exercise.18. Calculate the percentage composition of acetic acid, CH3COOH.

Qus.10. What amount of lime (calcium oxide, CaO) will be produced when 15g limestone
(CaCO3) is strongly heated.

Solution:
Here the supplied data, mass of CaCO3 = 15g, mass of CaO = ?
The balance equation of this reaction is
CaCO3 (s) = CaO (s) + CO2(g)
The molar mass of CaCO3 = 40 + 12 + 16 X 3 = 100
Mass of CaO = 40 + 16 = 56
According to the equation,
100g limestone produces 56g CaO
 Therefore, 15g limestone produces = (56 X 15)/100 = 8.4g CaO
15g limestone on heating produce 8.4g CaO. (Ans.)
Exercise.19. What amount of lime (calcium oxide, CaO) will be produced when 10g limestone
(CaCO3) is strongly heated.

Exercise.20. What amount of lime (calcium oxide, CaO) will be produced when 40g limestone
(CaCO3) is strongly heated.

Qus.11. A sample of limestone contains 98% CaCO3. How many grams of limestone is needed
to produce 40 L CO2 at 30°C and 780 mm of Hg (mercury)?

Solution:
From gas laws, P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2 Here, Pressure P1 = 780 mm
Therefore, V2= P1V1 T2/T1 P2 Temperature, T1 = 30°C = 303 K
= (780 X 40 X 273)/303 X 760 Volume, V1= 40 L
= 36.99 L Standard Pressure, P2= 760 mm
Standard Temp., T2= 273 K
Determination of CaCO3 Standard Volume, = ?
The balance equation is
CaCO3 (s) = CaO (s) + CO2(g)
The molar mass of CaCO3 = 40 + 12 + 16 X 3 = 100g
At NTP the volume of CO2 is 22.4 L
At NTP 22.4 L CO2 is produced from 100 g CaCO3
Therefore, 36.99 L CO2 is produced from 165.134 g CaCO3
According to supplied data,
98g CaCO3 is obtained from 100g CaCO3
Therefore, 165.134 g CaCO3 is obtained from 168.5g CaCO3
168.5g limestone are needed. (Ans.)
Exercise.21.A sample of limestone contains 85% CaCO3. How many grams of limestone is
needed to produce 35 L CO2 at 28°C and 780 mm of Hg (mercury)?
Exercise.22.A sample of limestone contains 93% CaCO3. How many grams of limestone is
needed to produce 39 L CO2 at 25°C and 780 mm of Hg (mercury)?

Qus.12. Calculate the number of molecules present in 25.06g of nitrogen gas.

Solution:
Molar mass of N2 = 28
So, 28g of N2 = 1 mole
25.06g of N2 = 25.06/28= 0.895 mole
1 mole N2 contains 6.023 X 1023 molecules

Therefore, 0.895 mole N2 contains = 6.023 X 1023 X 0.895

= 5.39 X 1023 molecules

5.39 X 1023 molecules present in 25.06g of nitrogen. (Ans.)

Exercise.23. Calculate the number of molecules present in 35g of oxygen gas.

Exercise.24 Calculate the number of molecules present in 1.8g of hydrogen gas.

Qus.13. Calculate the mass of 1 molecule of CO2.

Solution:
Molar mass of CO2 = 12 + 16 X 2 = 44
So, gram mole of CO2 = 44g
The number of molecules in 1g mole = 6.023 X 1023
Mass of 6.023 X 1023 molecules = 44g
So, mass of 1 molecule of CO2 = 44/6.023 X 1023 = 7.3053 X 10-23 g
The mass of 1 molecule of CO2is 7.3053 X 10-23 g. (Ans.)
Exercise.25. Calculate the mass of 1 molecule of O2.
Exercise.26. Calculate the mass of 1 molecule of N2
Qus.14. To neutralize 25 mL of Na2CO3with 10.2 mL 0.05 M H2SO4 acid solution is needed.
What is the concentration of Na2CO3?

Solution:
The chemical equation of the reaction is …..
Na2CO3 + H2SO4 = Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2
Here, Volume of Na2CO3 , V1=25 mL
Volume of H2SO4, V2 = 10.2 mL
Strength of H2SO4, S2 = 0.05 M
Strength of Na2CO3, S1= ?
We know, V1S1 = V2S2
S1= V2S2/ V1= (10.2 X 0.05)/ 25 M= 0.0204 M
The concentration of Na2CO3is 0.0204 M. (Ans.)
Exercise.27. To neutralize 25 mL of NaOH with 15 mL 0.08 M HCl acid solution is needed.
What is the concentration of NaOH?
Exercise.28. To neutralize 30 mL of KOH with 15 mL 0.06 M HNO3 acid solution is needed.
What is the concentration of KOH?