Java Concepts with Practice Questions (Beginner
to Pro)
1. Basics of Java
Concepts:
• Introduction to Java & JVM
• Setting up JDK & IDE
• Data Types, Variables, and Constants
• Operators (Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Bitwise)
• Control Flow (if-else, switch, loops)
• Input/Output (Scanner, [Link])
Practice Questions:
• Write a program to check whether a number is even or odd.
• Find the largest among three numbers.
• Print the multiplication table of a given number.
• Calculate the factorial of a number using loops.
• Check if a number is prime or not.
2. Strings & Arrays
Concepts:
• Introduction to Strings
• String Methods (substring, length, equals, compareTo)
• StringBuilder & StringBuffer
• Arrays (1D & 2D)
• Enhanced for loop
• Common array operations (sorting, searching)
Practice Questions:
• Reverse a string without using built-in functions.
• Check if a string is a palindrome.
• Find the frequency of characters in a string.
• Find the maximum and minimum element in an array.
• Perform matrix addition and multiplication.
3. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
Concepts:
• Classes & Objects
• Constructors
• this and super keywords
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism (overloading & overriding)
• Encapsulation & Abstraction
• Interfaces & Abstract Classes
Practice Questions:
• Create a class for Student with attributes and methods to display details.
• Demonstrate method overloading and overriding with examples.
• Implement inheritance with classes Vehicle, Car, and Bike.
• Create an interface Shape with methods area() and perimeter().
• Build a simple Bank Account class with deposit and withdraw methods.
4. Exception Handling & Collections
Concepts:
• try-catch-finally
• throw & throws
• Custom Exceptions
• Java Collections Framework (List, Set, Map, Queue)
• Generics in Java
• Wrapper Classes & Autoboxing/Unboxing
Practice Questions:
• Write a program to handle ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.
• Create a custom exception for invalid age.
• Store names of students in a List and sort them.
• Use a HashMap to store and retrieve student roll numbers and names.
• Demonstrate a Queue for ticket booking.
5. Advanced Java Concepts
Concepts:
• Multithreading & Concurrency
• Synchronization & Locks
• Java I/O (File Handling)
• Java Streams & Lambda Expressions
• Functional Interfaces
• Reflection API
• Serialization & Deserialization
Practice Questions:
• Create a program that writes and reads data from a file.
• Implement multithreading to print even and odd numbers simultaneously.
• Use Streams to filter even numbers from a list.
• Serialize and deserialize an Employee object.
• Create a thread-safe counter using synchronization.
6. Java for Development
Concepts:
• JDBC (Java Database Connectivity)
• Working with JSON & XML
• Spring Boot Basics
• Hibernate/JPA
• REST API Development
• Unit Testing with JUnit & Mockito
Practice Questions:
• Connect Java program to a MySQL database and retrieve data.
• Build a REST API for user management with Spring Boot.
• Write unit tests for a Calculator class using JUnit.
• Use Hibernate to store student details in a database.
• Parse a JSON file and display its contents.
7. Projects for Mastery
Concepts:
• Integrating all learned concepts into real projects
Practice Questions:
• Library Management System
• Student Management System
• E-commerce Backend with Spring Boot
• Chat Application using Sockets
• Task Management REST API
• Full-Stack Project with Java + React