Artificial Intelligence (Lab)
Python Tuples
Tuple
Tuples are used to store multiple items in a single variable.
Tuple is one of 4 built-in data types in Python used to store collections of data, the other 3
are List, Set, and Dictionary, all with different qualities and usage.
A tuple is a collection which is ordered and unchangeable.
Example
Create a Tuple:
thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
print(thistuple)
('apple', 'banana', 'cherry')
Tuple Items
Tuple items are ordered, unchangeable, and allow duplicate values.
Tuple items are indexed, the first item has index [0], the second item has index [1] etc.
Ordered
When we say that tuples are ordered, it means that the items have a defined order, and that order
will not change.
Unchangeable
Tuples are unchangeable, meaning that we cannot change, add or remove items after the tuple
has been created.
Allow Duplicates
Since tuples are indexed, they can have items with the same value:
Example
Tuples allow duplicate values:
thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry", "apple", "cherry")
print(thistuple)
('apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'apple', 'cherry')
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Tuple Length
To determine how many items a tuple has, use the len() function:
Example
Print the number of items in the tuple:
thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
print(len(thistuple))
Create Tuple with One Item
To create a tuple with only one item, you have to add a comma after the item, otherwise Python
will not recognize it as a tuple.
Example
One item tuple, remember the comma:
thistuple = ("apple",)
print(type(thistuple))
#NOT a tuple
thistuple = ("apple")
print(type(thistuple))
<class 'tuple'>
<class 'str'>
Tuple Items - Data Types
Tuple items can be of any data type:
Example
String, int and boolean data types:
tuple1 = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
tuple2 = (1, 5, 7, 9, 3)
tuple3 = (True, False, False)
print(tuple1)
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print(tuple2)
print(tuple3)
('apple', 'banana', 'cherry')
(1, 5, 7, 9, 3)
(True, False, False)
A tuple can contain different data types:
Example
A tuple with strings, integers and boolean values:
tuple1 = ("abc", 34, True, 40, "male")
('abc', 34, True, 40, 'male')
type()
From Python's perspective, tuples are defined as objects with the data type 'tuple':
<class 'tuple'>
Example
What is the data type of a tuple?
mytuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
print(type(mytuple))
The tuple() Constructor
It is also possible to use the tuple() constructor to make a tuple.
Example
Using the tuple() method to make a tuple:
thistuple = tuple(("apple", "banana", "cherry")) # note the double round-brackets
print(thistuple)
('apple', 'banana', 'cherry')
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Python Collections (Arrays)
There are four collection data types in the Python programming language:
• List is a collection which is ordered and changeable. Allows duplicate members.
• Tuple is a collection which is ordered and unchangeable. Allows duplicate members.
• Set is a collection which is unordered, unchangeable*, and unindexed. No duplicate
members.
• Dictionary is a collection which is ordered** and changeable. No duplicate members.
Range of Indexes
You can specify a range of indexes by specifying where to start and where to end the range.
When specifying a range, the return value will be a new tuple with the specified items.
Example
thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry", "orange", "kiwi", "melon", "mango")
print(thistuple[2:5])
()
Example
thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry", "orange", "kiwi", "melon", "mango")
print(thistuple[:4])
()
Example
thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry", "orange", "kiwi", "melon", "mango")
print(thistuple[2:])
()
Example
thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry", "orange", "kiwi", "melon", "mango")
print(thistuple[-4:-1])
('orange', 'kiwi', 'melon')
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#Negative indexing means starting from the end of the tuple.
#This example returns the items from index -4 (included) to index -1 (excluded)
#Remember that the last item has the index -1,
Example
thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
if "apple" in thistuple:
print("Yes, 'apple' is in the fruits tuple")
Yes, 'apple' is in the fruits tuple
Unpacking a Tuple
When we create a tuple, we normally assign values to it. This is called "packing" a tuple.
Example
Unpacking a tuple:
fruits = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
(green, yellow, red) = fruits
print(green)
print(yellow)
print(red)
apple
banana
cherry
Loop Through a Tuple
You can loop through the tuple items by using a for loop.
Example
Iterate through the items and print the values.
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thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
for x in thistuple:
print(x)
apple
banana
cherry
Loop Through the Index Numbers
You can also loop through the tuple items by referring to their index number.
Use the range() and len() functions to create a suitable iterable.
Example
Print all items by referring to their index number:
thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
for i in range(len(thistuple)):
print(thistuple[i])
apple
banana
cherry
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