CENTRAL UNIVERSITY
OF HARYANA
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL
EDUCATION & SPORTS
SUBMITTED BY : SAHIL SEHRAWAT SUBMITTED TO : DR. KUMAR.P
CLASS : [Link] 1st SEM DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION & SPORTS
ROLL NO : 242078 CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF HARYANA
Topics to be covered
What is Sampling ?
Sampling is the process of selecting a
Sampling is the process of selecting
sample from the population. For this,
observation to provide an adequate
population is divided into a number of
description of the population.
parts called sampling unit.
Types of Sampling Techniques
Non-Probability Sampling Techniques
Types of Non-Probability Sampling Techniques
Convenience Sampling.
Definition: In convenience sampling, participants are
selected based on their availability and willingness to
participate, rather than through a random selection
process
How it works: The researcher selects individuals that are
easiest to access, such as people in a specific location,
like a shopping mall or university campus.
Example: A researcher surveying people in a public park
on a weekday because it's easier to access them than
those at home
Convenience Sampling cont.
•Very low cost.
•Extensively used/understood.
Advantages- •Quick, easy, and inexpensive.
•Useful for exploratory research where precision is
not critical.
•Variability and bias cannot be measured or
controlled.
•Projecting data beyond sample not Justified.
Disadvantages- •Restriction of generalisation.
•High risk of bias since the sample may not
represent the broader population.
•Limited ability to generalize results
Quota Sampling.
Definition: In quota sampling, the researcher divides the
population into subgroups based on specific characteristics and
ensures that a set number or "quota" of individuals from each
subgroup is included in the sample.
How it works: The researcher ensures that certain characteristics
(such as age, gender, education) are represented in the sample.
Unlike stratified sampling, participants are not chosen randomly,
but are selected until the quota is filled.
Example: A market research firm may want 50 men and 50
women in its sample to study consumer behaviour. They’ll stop
recruiting participants once each quota is filled.
Quota Sampling cont.
• Ensures representation of key
subgroups within the sample.
Advantages: • Faster and cheaper than random
sampling methods.
• May introduce selection bias since
participants are not randomly
Disadvantages: chosen.
• Difficult to assess the level of
representativeness and accuracy.
Purposive Sampling
Definition: In purposive sampling, the researcher uses their
judgment to select participants that they believe are most suitable
for the research.
How it works: Researchers intentionally choose individuals who
have specific characteristics or are knowledgeable about the
subject matter. The selection is based on the researcher’s
understanding of the population and study objectives.
Example: A study on the impact of a new teaching method may
purposively select teachers who are early adopters of educational
technology.
Purposive Sampling cont.
Advantages: Disadvantages:
Focuses on specific
individuals who can Subjective and
provide rich, in- prone to researcher
depth data relevant bias.
to the study.
Difficult to
Useful when
generalize the
studying specialized
findings to the
populations or for
population as a
qualitative research.
whole.
Snowball Sampling.
Definition: Snowball sampling is a method in which current
participants recruit future participants from among their
acquaintances, often used when studying hard-to-reach or hidden
populations.
How it works: Researchers first identify a small group of initial
participants, who are then asked to refer others. This process
continues, growing like a "snowball."
Example: This method is often used in research involving
marginalized groups, such as people who are homeless or
undocumented immigrants, where participants are difficult to
locate.
Snowball Sampling cont.
Advantages: Disadvantages:
• Useful for accessing • High risk of bias since
hard-to-reach or the sample relies on
hidden populations. the social connections
• Can build trust with of the participants.
participants since • The sample may
recruitment is done become
through social homogeneous,
networks. representing only
certain subgroups of
the population.
Thank you