PAPER: 2

Basic 8

ESSAY

[100 MARKS]

Answer all the questions in your answer booklet.

This paper is in two sections: A and B. Answer Question 1 in Section A and any two
questions in Section B.

Credit will be given for clarity of expression and orderly presentation of material.

SECTION A

[40 marks]

Answer all the questions in this section

1(a) The diagrams in Fig. 1(a) below demonstrate Newton's Laws of Motion. Study them
carefully and answer the questions that follow.

(i) Explain the law of motion shown in each of A, B and C above. [3 marks]
(ii) Give one application of each of the laws stated in 1(a) (i) above. [3 marks]
(iii) If the car in diagram C above accelerates at 0.3m/s with a force 300N calculate the
mass (m) of the car. [2 marks]
(iv) Explain how the moving car in C will attain a state of balance. [2 marks]
B. Fig. 1(b) below shows a complex feeding relationship within an ecosystem. Study it
carefully and answer the following questions.

(i) Identify and explain the feeding relationship illustrated above. [2 marks]
(ii) Construct three simple feeding relationships from the one above. [3 marks]
(iii) Explain three main feeding levels found in the ecosystem. [3 marks]
(iv) Mention four activities that a ect the balance in ecosystems. [2 marks]

C Fig. 1(d) shows a separating funnel being used to separate two immiscible liquids

(i) Describe briefly the process of this experiment

(ii) State one function for each of the parts labelled II and IV.
(iii) State two precautions that should be taken.
 D. Fig 1(d) shows a relationship between three organism study it carefully and answer
the questions that follow

When there is an outbreak of a disease and the population of ;

(i) shrew decreases what will be the e ect on the food chain
(ii) lettuce decreases what will be the e ect on the food chain
(iii) snail decreases what will be the e ect on the food chain
(iv) which of the organism highest energy level in the food chain
(v) if the lettuce contains 2000 calories of energy and it is being consumed by the
snail and snail is also being consumed by the shrew . Briefly explain how much
calories the shrew receives

(2)(a) An object accelerates 5m/s^2 when a force of 250N is applied. What is the mass of
the object?

(b) Define each of the following terms:

(i) Producer
(ii) Food web
(iii)Trophic level

(c) Give one example each of:

(i) Primary consumer
(ii) Secondary consumer
(iii)Tertiary consumer

(d) State four ways by which tooth decay can be prevented.

(3)(a) Identify the four outer planets in the solar system

(ii) State two characteristics that the outer planets share.

(b) Name the region labelled that separates the inner planets from the outer planets.
 (c) (i) What is a comet?
(ii) Describe what happens when a comet approaches the Sun.

(d) Explain why there is no form of life on the outer planets.

4 (a) Define the following farming systems:

(i) Pastoral farming

(ii) Shifting cultivation
Mixed farming

(b) State four factors that influence the choice of a farming system in Ghana.

(c) Explain why pastoral farming is common in Mali and Burkina Faso but is becoming more
common in Ghana recently.

(d) What is crop rotation?

(ii) List four merits of crop rotation.

(e) State three demerits of crop rotation.

(f) Explain how crop rotation helps to control pests and maintain soil fertility

1. The part of the tooth that anchors it firmly into the jawbone is the
(a) crown
(b) neck
(c) root
(d) enamel

2. The planet which rotates on its side horizontally is

(a) Jupiter
(b) Saturn
(c) Uranus
(d) Neptune

3. The region between Mars and Jupiter where most asteroids can be found is ____
(a) Kuiper belt
(b) Oort cloud
 (c) asteroid belt
(d) meteor belt

4. Primary consumers in a food chain are also known as

(a) carnivores
(b) herbivores
(c) omnivores
(d) quaternary

5. The arrows in a food chain or food web represent

(a) direction of movement of organism
(b) the flow of energy from one organism to another
(c) competition between organism
(d) food size of population

6. If all foxes are removed from the food chain: Grass  Rabbits_--> Foxes, what is most likely
to happen ?
(a) Grass population increases
(b) Rabbit population decreases
(c) Rabbit population increases
(d) Fox population increases

7. In which farming system are crops and animals reared on the same piece of land?
(a) Shifting cultivation
(b) Mixed farming
(c) Extensive farming
(d) Pastoral farming

8. Which of this crop will introduce in a crop rotational programme to increase growth of of
crops?
(a) Maize
(b) Cocoyam
(c) Lettuce
(d) Groundnut

9. A cyclist increases his speed from 10m/s to 20m/s in 5 seconds. What is his acceleration?
(a) 2m/s^2
(b) 4m/s^2
(c) 5m/s^2
(d) 10m/s^2

10. What of the following is the correct formula for speed?

(a) d x t
(b) d / t
(c) t / d
(d) M / t

11. Semi metals are found in

a) Only in group 3 b) Only in group 8 c) Along the zigzag line d) Only in Period 1

12. Which of the organelle is absent in an animal cell

a) Mitochondria b) Chloroplast c) Melanie d) Cell Membrane

13. Which of the element is a metal

a) Nitrogen b) Calcium c) Oxygen d) Fluorine

14. During the water cycle the water that flows over the surface of the ground into rivers and
oceans is known as
a) Groundwater b) Run O c) Infiltration d) Condensation

15. A body of 15kg has a volume of 3m³. What will be its density?
a) 5 kg/m³ b) 45 kg/m³ c) 18 kg/m³ d) 12 kg/m³

16. How many valence electrons does Sulphur have?

a) 16 b) 6 c) 8 d) 17

17. Which of the following is a noble gas?

a) Chlorine b) Neon c) Silicon d) Sodium

18. Ice is able to float on water because it is

A) colder than the water B) denser than water
C) has a greater mass for the same volume of water D) has a greater volume for the same
mass of water

19. Which part of an atom contains the neutrons and protons?

A) electrons B) elements C) nucleus D) molecules

20. An atom has 6 protons and 7 neutrons in its nucleus. What is its mass number?
A) 1 B) 6 C) 7 D) 13

[Link] consumers in an ecosystem are also known as

A. carnivores
B. herbivores
C. decomposers
D. top carnivores

[Link] conversion is best described as

A. the creation of new energy
B. the changing of one form of energy into another
C. the complete destruction of energy
D. the storage of energy without change

[Link] type of teeth is used mainly for cutting or biting food?

A. Canines
B. Premolars
C. Incisors
D. Molars

[Link] largest planet in the solar system is

A. Saturn
B. Uranus
C. Jupiter
D. Neptune

[Link] of the following organisms is always a producer in a food chain?

A. Lion
B. Grass
C. Eagle
D. Snake

[Link] of the following is a non-renewable source of energy?

A. Solar
B. Wind
 C. Fossil fuel
D. Hydro

[Link] total number of teeth in the permanent dentition of a human adult is

A. 20
B. 28
C. 32
D. 36

[Link] outer planets are also known as

A. terrestrial planets
B. Jovian or gas giants
C. rocky planets
D. inner planets

[Link] cultivation often leads to

A. high soil fertility
B. deforestation
C. intensive use of land
D. use of artificial fertilizers

[Link] a food chain, tertiary consumers are

A. organisms that eat producers
B. top carnivores that eat secondary consumers
C. organisms that break down dead matter
D. plants that make their own food

[Link] main source of energy for all ecosystems on Earth is

A. food
B. decomposers
C. the Sun
D. water

[Link] energy is harnessed by converting kinetic energy of moving air into

A. chemical energy
B. electrical energy using turbines
C. heat energy
D. nuclear energy
33. A major advantage of organic farming is that it
A. uses synthetic fertilizers
B. is free from chemical contamination
C. requires large equipment
D. produces low yield

34. Tooth decay is mainly caused by

A. lack of calcium in the diet
B. bacteria turning food sugars into acids
C. drinking too much water
D. brushing teeth once a day

35. Which outer planet is famous for its spectacular visible rings?
A. Jupiter
B. Saturn
C. Uranus
D. Neptune

36. Comets are described as cosmic

A. snowballs of frozen gases, rocks, and dust
B. rocky objects with metal deposits
C. balls of gas without a solid surface
D. small icy moons orbiting planets

37. Which farming system usually requires large areas of land for animals to roam freely?
A. Intensive farming
B. Organic farming
C. Extensive farming
D. Mixed cropping

38. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes are similar in the following ways except they both
A. carry DNA and RNA
B. are multicellular
C. have cytoplasm
D. have cell membrane

39. To separate two immiscible liquids with di erent densities, the method to adopt is
 A. Chromatography
B. Decantation
C. Separating funnel
D. Fractional distillation

40. A truck applies a force of 120 N at an acceleration of 1.5 m/s². Find its mass.
A. 80 kg
B. 40 kg
C. 120 kg
D. 60 kg

Type equation here.