CHAPTER 9

'W,,~,.,!li9!~~,bIl2Lq9Y
: Principle,~,
and Processes
). . ',..,.' '

. I 6.
- Which one of the followingtechniques made it possible
Principles of Bi technology
to genetically engineer living organisms?
What is the fate of a piece of DNA carrying only (a) Recombinant DNA techniques
gene of interest which is transferred into an alien (b) X-ray diffraction
organism? (c) Heavier isotope labelling
A. The piece of DNA would be able to multiply (d) Hybridization (Mains 2011)
itself independently in the progeny cells of the 7" Which of the following are used in gene cloning?
organism. (a) Nucleoids (b) Lomasomes
B. It may get integrated into the genome of the (c) Mesosomes (d) Plasm ids (2010)
recipient.
8. Manipulation of DNA in genetic engineering became
C. ft may multiply and be inherited along with the
possible due to the discovery of
host DNA.
(a) restriction endonuclease
D. The alien piece of DNA is not an integral part of
(b) DNA ligase
chromosome.
(c) transcriptase
E. It shows ability to replicate.
(d) primase. (2002)
Choose the correct answer from the options given
9. The bacteria generally used for genetic engineering is
below.
(a) Agrobacterium (b) Bacillus
(a) A and B only (b) D and E only
(c) Pseudomonas (d) Clostridium. (2000)
(c) Band Conly (d) A and E only (2024)
10. Which of the followingis relatedto geneticengineering?
2. Which of the following can act as molecular scissors?
(a) Heterosis (b) Mutation
(a) Restriction enzymes (b) DNA ligase
(c) Plastid (d) Plasmid (1999)
(c) RNA polymerase (d) DNA polymerase
(Manipur NEET 2023) 11. Genetic engineering is possible, because
(a) we can cut DNA at specific sitesby endonucleases
3. The DNA molecule to which the gene of interest is •
integrated for cloning is called 0 (b)
like DNase I
restriction endonucleases purified from bacteria
(a) template (b) carrier
(c) transformer (d) vector. '(2015) can be used in vitro
(c) the phenomenon of transduction in bacteria is
4. The cutting of DNA at specific locations became
well understood
possible with the discovery of
(d) we can see DNA by electron microscope.
(a) selectable markers (b) ligases
(1998)
(c) restriction enzymes (d) probes. (2015)
s. Which one of the following is a case of wrong. 12. When scientists make an animal superior by view
of genotype, introducing some foreign genes in it, is
matching?
called
(a) Somatic - Fusion of two diverse cells
(a) immunization (b) genetic engineering
hybridisation
(c) tissue culture (d) biotechnology.
(b) Vector DNA 1- Site for tRNA synthesis (1996)
(c) Micropropagation - In vitro production of
plants in large numbers B. Which of the following organelles is related with
(d) Callus - Unorganised mass of genetic erigineering?
cells produced in tissue (a) Mitochondria (b) Plasm ids
culture (2012) (c) Golgi bodies (d) Lysosomes (1994)
 141
: Principles and Proc~sses
ll, Gi ven below are two statements:
Statement I : The DNA fragments extracted from
gel' electrophoresis can be used in construction of
recombinant DNA.
Statement II : Smaller size DNA fragments are
observed near anode while larger fragments are
found near the wells in an agarose gel.
Ori
EcoRI In the light of the above statemen~s, choose the most
appropriate answer from the options given below:
13 Galactosidase
(a) StatementI is correct but statement IIis incorrect.
(b) Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct.
amp
In the above represented plasmid an alien piece of (c) Both statement I and statement II are correct.
DNA is inserted at EeaRI site. Which of the following (d) Both statement I and statement II are incorrect.
(2025)
strategies will be chosen to select the recombinant
colonies? !H. to a chromosome, there is a specific DNA sequence,
(a) White color colonies will be selected. responsible for initiating replication. It is called as
(b) Blue color colonies grown on ampicillin plates (a) recognition sequence
can be selected. (b) cloning site
(c) Using ampicillin & tetracyclin containing (c) restriction site
medium plate. (d) ori site. (RE-EXAM 2024)
(d) Blue color colonies will be selected. (2025)
19. Identify the incorrect statement related to gel
1', The blue and white selectable markers have been electrophoresis.
developed which differentiate recombinant colonies (a) Separated DNA fragments can be directly seen
from non-recombinant colonies on the basis of under UV radiation.
their ability to produce colour in the presence of a (b) Separated DNA can be extracted from gel piece.
chromogenic substrate. (c) Fragment of DNA moves toward anode.
Given below are two statements about this method: (d) Sieving effect of agarose gel helps in separation
Statement I: The blue coloured colonies have DNA of DNA fragments. (RE-EXAM2024)
insert in the plasmid and they are identified as 20. Recombinant DNA molecule can be created
recombinant colonies. normally by cutting the vector DNA and source
Statement II: The colonies without blue colour have
DNA respectively with
DNA insert in the plasmid and are identified as (b) Hind II, Alu I
(a) Hind II, Hind II
recombinant colonies. (c) Hind II, EeaR I (d) Hind II, Bam H 1.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most (RE-EXAM 2024)
appropriate answer from the options given below:
21. Select the restriction endonuclease enzymes whose
(a) Statement I is correct but statement II is
restriction sites are present for the tetracycline
incorrect. resistance (tetR) gene in the pBR322 cloning vector.
(b) Statement I is incorrect but statement II is
(a) Bam H I and Sal I (b) Sal I and Pst I
correct. (c) Pst I and Pvu I (d) Pvu I and BamH I
(c) Both statement I and statement II are correct. (RE-EXAM 2024)
(d) Both statement I and statement II are incorrect.
(2025) 22. Which of the following are correct about EeaRE
A. Cut the DNA with blunt end
16. Which of the following enzyme(s) are not essential
B. Cut the DNA with sticky end
for gene cloning? C. Recognises a specific palindromic sequence
A. Restriction enzymes D. Cut the DNA between the base G and 1\ when
B. DNA ligase encounters the DNA sequence 'GAATTC'
C. DNA mutase
E. Exonuclease
D. DNA recombinalse Choose the correct answer from the options ~[Link] "
E. DNA polymerasF
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
(a) B, C, E only
below. (c) A, C, D only
(a) D and E only (b) Band Conly
(d) A and B only (2025)
(c) CandDonly
 NEET Chapterwise Topicwise Solutions
II'
(c) It transforms normal plant cells into tumor cells.
'111',1,.11""'1111' ,I",)',r'uu showing restriction sites in
(d) It delivers 'T-DNA' into plant cell.
I ",I" I", ,I i I)', v('('(or or pBR322. Find the role of 'X'
(Manipur NEET 2023)
',,1,1 'I 1~t"lI('S,
Cia I Hind III "'. Match List I with List II.
'I; Lilit:lt1'{';"~,
.-' ..
'i;.t"S;" '"" ' ;',.'-,', ., ,_,'
..,,,.,.,,~,T. [Link]
.., ~."ttt.J5i~,ij':~~~~;:~~~.~\~~H'-'4~!'i;
j'r

(A) Kanamycin Delivers genes (1)

into animal cells
(B) Cia I (II) Selectable marker
(C) Disarmed retroviruses (III) Restriction site
(D) KanamycinRgene (IV) Antibiotic
resistance
Choose the correct answer from the options given
below.
(a) (A)-(lI), (B)-(III), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV)
(b) (A)-(III), (B)-(1), (C)-(IV), (D)-(ll)
Pvull (c) (A)-(IV), (B)-(IlI), (CHI), (D)-(ll)
(a) The gene 'X' is responsible for resistance to (d) (A)-(lI), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(IlI)
antibiotics and 'Y' for protein involved in the (Manipur NEET 2023)
replication of Plasmid. 29. Upon exposure to UV radiation, DNA stained with
(b) The gene 'Y' is responsible for controlling the
ethidium bromide will show
copy number of the linked DNA and 'Y for
(a) bright yellow colour
protein involved in the replication of Plasmid.
(b) bright orange colour
(c) The gene 'X' is for protein involved in replication
(c) bright red colour
of Plasmid and' Y' for resistance to antibiotics. (d) bright blue colour. (2023)
(d) Gene 'X' is responsible for recognition sites and
30. In gene gun method used to introduce alien DNA
'Y' is responsible for antibiotic resistance. (2024)
into host cells, microparticles of metal are
24. The "Ti plasmid" of Agrobacterium tumefaciens
used.
stands for (a) tungsten or gold (b) silver
(a) tumor inhibiting plasmid (c) copper (d) zinc (2023)
(b) tumor independent plasmid
Which of the following is not a cloning vector?
(c) tumor inducing plasmid
(d) temperature independent plasmid. (a) pBR322 (b) Probe
(c) BAC (d) YAC (2023)
25. Hind II always cuts DNA molecules at a particular
2. Which one of the following statement is not true
point called recognition sequence and it consists of
regarding gel electrophoresis technique?
(a) 8 bp
(a) The process of extraction of separated DNA
(b) 6 bp
strands from gel is called elution.
(c) 4 bp
(b) TheseparatedDNAfragmentsarestainedbyusing
(d) 10 bp. (2024)
ethidium bromide.
26. Ligation of foreign DNA at which of the following (c) The presence of chromogenic substrate givesblue
site will result in loss of tetracycline resistance of
coloured DNA bands on the gel.
pBR322? (d) Brightorangecolouredbands ofDNAcan be ~
(a) PstI (b) PvuI observedin the gelwhen exposedto UVlight.
(c) EcoR I (d) BamH I ' (2022)
(Manipur NEET 2023)
33. In the following palindromic base sequences ofDNA,
27. Which of the following statement is incorrect about
which one can be cut easily by particular restriction
Agrobacterium tumefaciens?
,(a) It is used to deliver I gene 'of interest in both enzyme?
(a) 5' GAT ACT 3'; 3' C TAT G A 5'
prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic host cells.
(b) 5' G A A T T C 3' ; 3' C T T A A G 5'
(b) "Ti' plasmid from Agrobacterium tumefaciens
(c) 5'CTCAGT3';3'GAGTCA5'
used for gene transfer is not pathogenic to plant
(d) 5'GT ATTC3';3'CAT AAG5' (2022)
cell.
 143

Biotechnology: Principles and Processes 40. Clwose the correct pair from the following.
(a) Ligases - Join the two DNA molecules
34, Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Restriction endlonucleases recognise (b) polymerases - Break the DNA into fragments
specific sequence to cut DNA known as palindromic (c) Nucleases - Separate the two strands of
DNA
nucleotide sequence.
Statement II: Restriction endonucleases cut the DNA (d) Exonucleases - Make cuts at specific
positions' within DNA
a
strand a little awayfrom the centre of the palindrom ic
(2020)
site.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most '11 , The specificpalindromic sequencewhich is recognised
appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct by EeaRI is '
(a) 5' _GAATTC - 3' (b) 5' - GGAACC - 3'
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
3' _CTTAAG - 5' 3' - CCTTGG - 5'
(c) Statement Iiscorrect but Statement II is incorrect,
(c) 5' _CTTAAG - 3' (d) 5' - GGATCC - 3'
(d) Statement Iis incorrect but Statement II is correct, 3' _GAATTC - 5' 3' - CCTAGG - 5'.
(2022)
(2020)
15, Which of the following is not a desirable feature of a
42. The sequence that controls the copy number of the
cloning vector? linked DNA in the vector, is termed
(a) Presence of origin of replication
(a) ~declablc marker (b) Ori site
(b) Presence of a marker gene
(c) palindrolIlicsequence (d) recogpition site.
(c) Presence of single restriction enzyme site (2020)
(d) Presence of two or more recognition sites
(2022)
43. In gel electrophoresis, separated,DNA fragments can
36. DNA strands on a gel stained with ethidium bromide be visualized with the help of
when viewed under UV radiation, appear as (a) acetocarmine in bright blue light
(a) bright blue bands (b) yellow bands (b) ethidium bromide in UV radiation (IJ
(c) bright orange bands (d) dark red bands. (2021) (c) acetocarmine in UV radiation
(d) ethidium bromidein infrared radiation. (2020)
37. Plasmid pBR322 has PstI restriction enzyme site
within gene ampR that confers ampicillin resistance. 44. Following statements describe the characteristics of
If this enzyme is used for inserting a gene for the enzyme restriction endonuclease. Identify the
~_galactoside production and the recombinant incorrect statement.
plasmid is inserted in an E,(oli strain. (a) The enzyme recognises a specific palindromic
(a) It will be able to produce a novel protein with nucleotide sequence in the DNA.
(b) The enzyme cuts DNA molecule at identified
dual ability.
(b) It will not be able to confer ampicillin resistance position within the DNA.
(c) The enzyme binds DNA at specific sites and cuts
to the host cell.
(c) 'D1etransformed cells will have the ability only one of the two strands.
to resist ampicillin as well as produce (d) The enzyme cuts the sugar-phosphate backbone
~_galactoside. at specific sites on each strand. (2019)
(d) It will lead to lysis of host cell. (2021)
45. A selectable marker is used to
}8. A specific recognition sequence identified by (a) helpineliminatingthenon-transformants,sothat
endonucleases to make cuts at specific positions the transformants can be regenerated
(b) identify the gene for a desired trait in an alien
within the DNA is
(a) poly (A) tail sequences organism
(b) degenerate primer Isequence (c) select a suitable vector for transfonnaUoh in a
(c) okazaki sequences specific crop
(d) palindromic nucleotide sequences. (2021) (d) mark a gene on a chromosome f()ti80ln(iu~,1 fl~iIW)
restriction enzyme. r (OdiS/:1f! N:1:~L1'1'
. (19)
39. Identify the wrong statement with regard to
restriction enzymes. 46. Givenbelow are four statementsl?(;t'Hll1
(a) Each restriction enzyme functions by inspecting of DNA fragments using gel' BI 'r,W;i11,
the length of a DNA sequence. the incorrect statements.. " ':L j'('
(b) 'Ihey cut the strand of DNA at palindromic sites.
(c) They are useful in genetic engineering. (i)
(d) Sticky ends can bilejoined by using DNA ligases.
(2020)
 I II
NEET Chapterwiso Topicwise Solutions _
(IIi ill I \ 11,1,1',1111 "istravel along the surface of the gel I Which of the following is a restriction endonuclease I
\\! I, ,'., ,(lII( cntration does not affect movement I (a) DNase I (b) RNase
,if t li'~,\, II (c) Hind II (d) Protease
I uullcr the size-of DNA fragment larger is the
III I .'"
(NEET-I2016)
.Irstance it travels through it. . . I-

, (iv) pJr~DNA;EiitE;~~isliailzeddire~tIY'tY~Rtr~~Hl!<">i'" P~,~l1ts<lRX9J~~""'~~'"i:'iO~i"'J.~i'~

The intrq~,}l5;,H;~W~:9f~+~~t:J~,lWp
UV radiation. (a) exposing the plants to cold for a brief period
(b) allowing the plant roots to stand in water
Choose correct answer from the options given below.
(c) infection of the plant by Agrobacteriuni
(a} (i); (iii) and (iv) (b) (i), (ii) and (iii)
tumefaciens
(c) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (d) (i), (ii) and (iv)
(d) altering the pH of the soil, then heat-shocking
(Odisha NEET 2019) the plants. (2015)
·P. Which of the followingis commonly used as a vector for
57 Which vector can clone only a small fragment of DNA?
introducing a DNA fragment in human lymphocytes?
(a) Bacterial artificial chromosome
(a) Retrovirus Cb) Ti plasmid
(b) Yeast artificial chromosome
(c) A phage (d) pBR322 (2018)
(c) Plasmid (d) Cosmid (2014)
48. The DNA fragments separated on an agarose gel can
be visualised after staining with 58. Commonly usedvectorsfor human genome sequencing
(a) acetocarmine (b) aniline blue are
(c) ethidium bromide (d) bromophenol blue. (a) T - DNA (b) BAC and YAC
(2017) (c) expression vectors (d) T/ A cloning vectors.
49. DNA fragments are (2014)
(;1) negativelycharged (b) neutral 59 The colonies of recombinant bacteria appear white in
(c) ci t her positively or negatively charged depending contrast to blue colonies of non -recombinant bacteria
on their size because of
(d) positively charged. (2017) (a) insertional inactivation of alpha galactosidase in
SU. A gene whose expressionhelps to identify transformed recombinant bacteria
cell is known as (b) inactivation of glycosidaseenzyme in recombinant
(a) vector (D) plasmid bacteria
(c) structural gene (d) selectable marker. (c) non-recombinant bacteria containing beta
(2017) galactosidase
5J. What is the criterion for DNA fragments movement (d) insertional inactivation of alpha
on agarose gel during gel electrophoresis? galactosidase in non -recombinant
(a) The smaller the fragment size,the farther it moves. bacteria. (2013)
(b) Positivelycharged fragments move to farther end. . O. DNA fragments generated by the restriction endo-
(c) Negatively charged fragments do not move. nucleases in a chemical reaction can be separated by
(d) The larger the fragment size, the farther (a) electrophoresis
it moves. (b) restriction mapping
'(2017) (c) centrifugation
52. AforeignDNAandplasmidcutbythesamerestriction (d) polymerase chain reaction. (2013)
endonuclease can be joined to form a recombinant
plasmid using 61. The given figure is the diagrammatic representation
of the E. coli vector pBR322. Which one of the given
(a) EcoRI (b) Taq polymerase
(c) polymerase III (d) ligase. (NEET-II 2016) options correctlyidentifies its certain component( s)?
53. Which of the following restriction enzymes produces
blunt ends?
(a) Sall (b) EcoRV (cD Xhol (d) HindIII
I (NEET-II 2016)
54. Which ofthe following isno~afeature ofthe plasm ids ?
(a) Transferable I
(b) Single-stranded I
(c) Independent replication
(d) Circular structure I (NEET-I2016) Pvu II

,
"
 145

Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

(c) I)CR (2011)
(a) ori-original restriction enzyme (d) gel electrophoresis.
(b) rop-reduced osmotic pressure Which one of the following palindromic base
70.
(c) HindlIl, BcoRI - selectable markers sequences in DNA can be easily cut at about the
(d) ampR, tetR-antibiotic resistance genes (20l2) middle by some particular restriction enzyme?
A singlestrand of nucleic acid tagged with a radioactive 5'- CGTICG- 3'
62~
molecule is called (a) 3'-ATGGTA-5'
(a) vector b) 5'- GATATG- 3'
( 3'- CTACTA- 5'
(b) selectable marker
(c) 5'- GAATIC- 3'
(c) plasmid 3'- CTTAAG---- 5'
(d) probe. (2UJ2) Cd) 5'-CACGTA~ 3' (2()W)
For transformation, micro-particles coated with 3'- CTCAGT- 5'
63.
DNA to be bombarded with gene gun are made up 01 Whichoneofthefollowingisusedasvecto~t'orcloning
71.
(a) silver or platinum genes into higher organisms?
(b) platinum or zinc (a) Baculovirus
(c) silicon or platinum (b) Salmonella typhimurium
(d) gold or tungsten. (2012) (c) RhizopuS nigricans
(d) Retrovirus (2010)
64, Biolistics (gene-gun) is suitable for
(a) disarming pathogen vectors DNA or RNA segment tagged with a radioactive
72.
(b) transformation of plant cells molecule is called
(c) constructing recombinant DNA by joining with (b) probe
(a) vector (2010)
(d) plasmid.
vectors (c) clone
(Mains 2012)
(d) DNA fingerprinting. 73. Restriction endonucleases are enzymes which
65. In genetic engineering, the antibiotics are used (a) make cuts at specific positions within the DNA
(a) as selectable markers molecule
(b) to select healthy vectors (b) recognize a specific nucleotide sequence for
(c) as sequences from where replication starts binding of DNA ligase
(d) to keep the cultures free of infection. (c) restrict the action ofthe enzyme DNA polymerase
(Mains 2012) (d) remove nucleotides from th~,ends of the DNA
66. Which one of the following represents a palindromic molecule. (2010)
. ,
74. In genetic engineering, a DNA segment (gene) of
sequence in DNA?
(a) 5' _GAATTC - 3' (b) 5' - CCAATG - 3' interest, is transferred to the host cellthrough avector.
3' _CTTAAG - 5' 3' - GAATCC - 5' Consider the following four agents (i-iv) in this regard
(c) 5' _CATTAG - 3' (d) 5' - GATACC - 3' and select the correct option about which one or more
3' _GATAAC - 5' 3' - CCTAAG - 5' of these can be used as a vector/vectors.
(Mains 2012) (i) Bacterium (ii) Plasmid
67. Given below is a sample of a portion of DNA strand (iii) Plasmodium (iv) Bacteriophage
giving the base sequence on the opposite strands. (a) (i), (ii) and (iv) (b) (i) only
(c) (i) and (iii) (d) (ii) and (iv)
What isso special shown in it? (Mains 20-10)
5'__ GAATTC_3'
3' _ CTTAAG
_ 5' 75. polyethylene glycol method is used for
(a) Replication completed (a) biodiesel production
(b) Deletion mutation (b) seedless fruit production
(c) Start codon at the 5' end (c) energy production from sewage
( .. o(JY
(d) Palindromic sequence of base pairs (2011) (d) gene transfer without a vector.
I>tt There is a restriction endonuclease called BcoR!. 76. Which one of the following is commonly used hI.
What does "co" part in it stand for? transfer of foreign DNA into crop plants?
(a) colon (b) coelom (a)Meloidogyne i,!cognita
(c) coenzyme (d) coli (2011) (b) Agrobacterium tumefaciens
69 Agarose extracted frolmsea weeds is used in (c) Penicillium expansum
(d) Trichoderma harziamlm
(a) spectrophotometry
(b) tissue culture
 B
. NEET Chapterwise Topicwise Solutions

\!' (c) Bacillus coagulans (2003)

l" r , \" Ilj,\.\,'II,·:;JS is used for (d) Agrobacterium tumefaciens
i.,1 ".p',III" of recombinant DNA by' joining
111111 'i}S. Which of the following enzymes are used to join bits
will, ,IIIlling vectors .
;,"",wFJ3j'f,Q,~,A~,\,<)'>:·,·.'.' .
Ion of DNA molecules. I
1~;;Jffii;'1Mi?'f('.iF:;~;:~1r,\
(a) Ligase
\,) (.1I11wgof DNA into f~a'g~~r;,~s (c) DNA polymerase (d) Endonuclease (2002)
(tI) separation of DNA fragments according
A mutant strain of T 4 - Bacteriophage, R-II, fails to
to their size. (2008) 86.
lyse the E. coli but when two strains R- IIX and R-ll Y
'i' The linking of antibiotic resistance gene with the
are mixed then they lyse the E. coli. What may be the
plasmid vector became possible with 1-'
!
.possible reason? ~.

,
",!
(a) DNA polymerase (b) exonucleases
(c) DNA ligase (d) endonucleases. (2008) (a) Bacteriophage transforms in wild. ~ I

79. Restriction endonuclease

(b) It is not mutated.
(c) Both strains have similar cistrons.
(2001)
I
it
(a) synthesizes DNA (d) Both strains have different cistrons.

t
(b) cuts the DNA molecule randomly
Which of the following cut the DNA from specific
(c) cuts the DNA molecule at specific sites 87.
(d) restricts the synthesis of DNA inside the nucleus. places?
(2006)

\
(a) [Link] restriction endonuclease I
80. Two microbes found to be very useful in genetic (b) Ligase
(c) Exonuclease (2001)
engineering are
(a) crown gall bacterium and CaerlOrhabditis elegans (d) Alkaline phosphate
(h) E.\dll~!'ichiacoli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens 88.
Maximum number of bases in plasmids discovered
.1)
"I
~

(c) Vi/frio d'lOlerac and a tailed bacteriophage so far

(d) DiplococcUS sp. and Pseudomonas sp. (2006) (a) 50 kilo base
(b) 500 kilo base
(2001)
it.
(d) 5 kilo base. to
(c) 5000 kilo base .~
81. Restriction endonucleases Plasmid has been used as vector because
(a) are present in mammalian cells for degradation 89.

I
(a) it is circular DNA which have capacity to join to
of DNA when the cell dies
(b) are used in genetic engineering for ligating two eukaryotic DNA
and
(b) it can move between prokaryotic
DNA molecules
(c) an; used for in vitro DNA synthesis eukaryotic cells
(it)
(d) are synthesized by bacteria as part of their defense (c) both ends show replication (2000)
mechanism. (2004) (d) it has antibiotic resistance gene.
82. 'Ihe Ti plasmid, is often used for making transgenic 1he process of replication in plasmid DNA, other than
90:
plants. The plasmid is found in initiation, is controlled by
(a) mitochondrial gene (b) plasmid gene
(a) Azotobacter (d) none of these. (1999)
(b) Rhizobium' of the roots of leguminous (c) bacterial gene
plants 91. Recombinant DNA is achieved by cleaving the
(c) Agrobacterium [Link] by
(d) Yeast as a 2 mm plasmid. (2004) (a) ligase
83. 1he most thoroughly studied of the known bacteria- (b) restriction endonuclease
(c) primase (d) exonucleases. (1998)
plant interactions is the
(a) cyanobacterial symbiosis with some aquatic ferns 92. Two bacteria found to be very useful in genetic
(b) gall formation on certain angiosperms by
engineering experiments are
Agrobacterium (a) Nitrobacter and Azotobacter
(c) nodulation of Sesbanla stems by nitrogen fixing
(b) Rhizobium and Diplococcus
bacteria I (c) Nitrosomonas and Klebsiella
(d) plant growth stimulation· by phosphate-
(d) Escherichia and Agrobacterium. (1998)
solubilising bacteria.' (2004)
93. Restriction e~donucleases are
84. Which one of the follbwing bacteria has found
(a) used for in vitro DNA synthesis
extensive use in genetic ~ngineering work in plants?
(b) used in genetic engineering
(a) Clostridium septicurk
(b) Xanthomonas citri
 147

(c) Bio_reactors are used to produce small scale

Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
bacterial cultures.
(c) synthesized by bacteria (d) Bio-reactors have an agitator system, an oxygen
(d) present in mammaHan cells for degradation. of
delivery system and foam control system.
DNA. (.1998) (2024)
94. The restriction enzymes are used in genetic 99. Thermostable DNA polymerase used in PCR was
engineering, because
(a) they can cut DNA at specific base sequence isolated from
(a) Thermus aquaticus
(b) they are llucleases that cut DNA at variable sites
(b) Escherichia coli
(c) they can degrade harmful proteins (c) Agrobacterium tumefaciens
(d) they can join different DNA [Link]. (1995) (d) Bacillus thuringiensis. (Manipur NEET 2023)
[Link] steps in the formation of recombinant DNA are
Processes of Recombinant DNA givenbelow Arrange these steps in acorrectsequence.
A. Insertion of recombinant DNA into the host cell.
Technology B. Cutting of DNA at specificlocation by restriction
95. polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifies DNA
enzynle.
following the equation. C Isolation of desired DNA fragment.
(a) 2n+ 1 (b) 2W D. Amplification of gene of interest using PCR.
(c) W (d) 2n (2025) Choose the correct answer from the options given
96. Identify the part of a bio-reactor which is used as a
below: (b) .B, D, A, C
foam braker from the given figure. (a) C, B, D, A (2023)
(d) C,A, B,D
_...- __ B (c) B, C, D, A
[Link] process forrecombinantDNA
~~~c technology, addition of chilled ethanol precipitates
=,:,::..;:;l'~-I-_A
out (b) polysaccharides
(a) histones (d) DNA. (2023)
(c) RNA
[Link] below are two statements: one is l~belled as
D
Assertion (A) and the other islabelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : polymerase chain reaction is used in
DNA amplification.
(b) C Reason (R) : The ampicillin resistant gene is used as
(a) D (2025) a selectable marker to check transformation.
(d) B
(c) A In the light ofthe above statements, choose the correct
97. Following are the steps involved in the process of
answer from the options given below.
(a) Both (A) and(R) are correct and (R) is the correct
pCR
A. Annealing explanation of (A).
B. Amplification (~ 1billion times) (b) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the
C. Denaturation correct explanation of (A). ~
D. Treatment with Taq polymerase and (c) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct. VILli}
(d) (A) is not correct but (R) iscorrect. (2022)
deoxynucleotides.
[Link] of the following is a correct sequence of steps
E. Extension in a PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?
Choose the correct sequence of steps of PCR from
(a) Annealing, Denaturation, Extension
the options given below. (b) Denaturation, Annealing, Extension
(a) C ---7 A ---7 D ~ E ---7 B (c) Denaturation, Extension, Annealing
ID
(b) A

(d) D
---7
(c) A ---7 C
B ---7 E
---7
---7 B ---7
E r
E ---7 C
D
---7
---7
---7
C
B
A (RE_EXAM2024)
(d) Extension, Denaturation, Annealing
[Link] the purification process. for
DNA technology, addition' of
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
98. (a) Abio-reacto~ provides optimal growth conditions precipitates out
(a) polysaccharides
for achievin~ the desired product.
(b) Most comrrlonly used bio-reactors are of stirring (c) DNA

type. I .
 /111

NEET Chapterwise Topicwise Solutions

II I,,, 1.. ,1 ,", ,,, Ii"w, "g is not an application of peR Stined -tank bimeacto" have been d"igned for
I J', '/1 III! i·' ,,' I. :[Link] Reaction)? (a) purification of product
' " ,,"" I""i of gene mutation (b) addition of pee"'''ti ""0the produ-i
1,,' A1"I, c ular diagnOSis .''(c) aVailabilityof oxygen thmughoutthe pmce"

' 'I,) r
I, I I:, lie amplifi"tion "
Pil'iiliLitiOH'I\mo'1"t~dpeo tei;;"C<"~""(202))' ~~(~oj,~fl"lH,~,!~,~!£"
(d) vessef. r.
C,Q'l,4iJ,\on'"iQ"!!J.1'J'JIiWi&,,"
, (NEEI'll 2016)
DUling the pmce" of gene amplification using PCR, I e, Which of the [ollowing is not a component of
if vccy high tempe"t"" is not maintained in the downstccam pcoee"ing?
beginni~g, then which of thetollowing steps of PCR (a) Sepacation (b) Pucification
will be alfected fi"e (c) Pcesecvation (d) Expc"sion
(a) Ligation (b) Annealing (NEET-II2016)
(c) Ext,n,ion «0 Denaturation (2021)· It4, Th, Taqpolymecase enzyme" obtained from
107. Match the oegani'm with it, me in biotechnology (a) Baeillu; subtilis (b) P"udomonas pudda
(A) Bacillus (i) Cloning vector (c) Thermus aquaticus
Ihu'ingien;i; (d) Thiobacillu,!mooxidans, (NEET-I 2016)
(8) Th"mu; (ii) Construction of fiest liS, An ''''ly,,, ofehromo,omal DNA u,ingthe Southen-
aquaticus rDNA molecule hybridisation technique does not use
(C) Agmbact"ium (iii) DNA polymecase (a) eiectrophoce;is (b) blotting
tumefaciens
(D) Salmonella (i v) Cry proteins
(c) autoradiography (d) PCR.
'yphimurium (2014)
I! 6. In vitroclonalpropagation in plants is characterized by
Select [Link] Correct option from the following. (a) PCR and RAPD
(A) (B) (C) (D) (b) Northern blotting
(a) (ii) (iv) (iii) (i) (c) electrophoresis and HPLC
(b) (iv) (iii) 0) Oi) (d) microscopy.
(c) (iii) (ii) (iv) 0) (2014)
(d) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii) II? Which of the following is not correctly matched for
(2020) the organism and its cell wall degrading enzyme?
108. DNA precipitation out of a mixture ofbiomolecules (a) Algae - Methylase
can be achieved by treatment with (b) Fungi - Chitinase
(a) chilled chloroform (b) isopropanol (c) Bacteria - Lysozyme
(c) chilled ethanol (d) Plant cells - Cellulase
(d) methanol at room temperature.
I (2013)
(2019) 118. During the process of isolation of DNA, chilled
109. Which one of the following equipments is essentially ethanol is added to
required for growing microbesl on a large scale, for (a) precipitate DNA
industrial production of enzymes? (b) break open the cell to release DNA
(a) Bioreactor (b) B<DDincubator • (c) facilitate action of restriction enzymes
(c) Sludge digester (d) Industrial oven (2019) (d) remove proteins such as histones.
110. The correct order of steps in Polymerase Chain (Karnataka NEET 2013)
Reaction (PCR) is 119. PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism
(a) extension, denaturation, annealing are the methods for
(b) annealing, extension, denat4ration (a) study of enzymes
(b) genetic transformation
(c) denaturation, extension, annealing (c) DNA sequenCing
(d) genetic fingerprinting.
(d) denaturation, annealing, extension.
(2018) (2012)
Ill. The process of separation a~d purification of 120. Which one is a true statement regarding DNA
expressed protein before marketing is called polymerase used in PCR?
(a) downstream processing I' (a) It is used to ligate introduced DNA in recipient
cells.
(b) bioprocessing
(c) Postproduction processing (b) It serves ~s a selectable marker.
(d) upstream proceSSing. (2017) (c) It is isolated from a virus.
Cd) It remains active at high temperature. (2012)
 149
Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
(a) B - denat urarion ~Ita temperature of about 98°C
12.1 The figure below shows three steps (A, B, C) of the two DNA strands
SCp"I"~II'inl1
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Select the option (b) A \J 'IJallJJ'~ltion 'at a te\11peratureof about 50°C
<

giving correct identification!1together with what it (c) cX;I!.~j:isio11

in'the presence of heat stable DNA
represents? polyl11era~e .
Region to be amplified (d A· [Link]~llingwith two sets otprimers
A.
5'Tr:::I.....
3'- -=o=3' 5,dsDNA
. (M~lins 2012)

5'~~1-1~1 ~I
~I-I~I
~I
t
~I~_-~I~I~
3'
121. SljJ~[Link] have'been designed for
5' 3' 3' 5' (a) adclition of preservatives to the product
B.
3' 11_1111111111 5' (b) purification of the product
(c) cnsuringanaerobicconditionsintheculturevessel
5'TI;,I t ~:n 3'
(d) availability of oxygen throughout the '~ i
5' 3'
process.
3"-Lf3 •• .~LL-s·' (2010)

-~.---------..---,.---'---
-~-.------.-----~-------.~
---.- -~ ..- ,,~,,-
(-M~S\VERiEV)
........_,------_."~~->
7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (d)
4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (a)
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (d} .19. (a) 20. (a)
17. (c) 18. (d)
13. (b) 14. (a) 15. (b) 16. (c)
11. (b) 12. (b) 28. (a) 29. (b) 30. (a)
25. (b) 26. (d) 27. (a)
22. (d) 23. (b) 24. (c) 39. (d) 40. (a)
21. (a) 37. (b) 38. (d)
34. (a) 35. (d) 36. (c)
31. (b) 32. (c) 33. (b) 48. (c) 49. (a) 50. (d)
45. (a)46. (d) 47. (a)
42. (b) 43. (b) 44. (c) 59: (c) 60. (a)
41. (a) 57. (c) 58. (b)
54. (b) 55. (c) 56. (c)
51. (a) 52. (d) 53. (b)
68. (d) 69. (d) 70. (c)
65. (a) 66. (a) 67. (d)
62. (d) 63. (d) 64. (b) 79. (c) 80. (b)
61. (d) 77. (d) 78. (c)
73. (a) 74. (d) 75. (d) 76. (b) 90. (c)
71. (d) 72. (b) 87. (a) 88. (b) 89. (a)
84. (d) 85. (a) 86. (d)
81. (d) 82. (c) 83. (b) 98. (c) 99. (a) 100. (a, c)
95. (d) 96. (b) 97. (a)
92. (d) 93. (b) 94. (a) 109. (a) 110. (d)
91. (b)
106. (d) 107. (b) 108. (c)
103. (b) 104. (c) 105. (d) 120. (d)
101. (d) 102. (b) 117. (a) 118. (a) 119. (d)
113. (d) 114. (c) 115. (d) 116. (a)
Ill. (a) 112. (c)
121. (c) 122. (d)

6. (a)
L \q: A piece of DNA when introduced in organisms is
'7. (d); Plasmid is a small circular double stranded DNA
not able to multiply itself and can multiply only when it gets molecule present in the cytoplasm of the bacterial cell. It can
integrated into the genetic material of the recipient organism. replicate independently ofbactertal chromosome. Due to this
This is because the alien piece oflDNA has become a part of the characteristic of plasmid, it is used as the vector (vectors are
recipient chromosome. for the transferring of a piece of DNA to target gene) in gene
2. (a): Restriction enzymes act as molecular scissors as
these enzymes cut DNA duplex'at some certain specific points cloning.
8. (a): DNA restriction endonuclease are important, which
called restriction sites. cut double-stranded DNA molecules only at sites c;hariilcte,rizcd
3. (d): Vector is a DNA molecule that carries a foreign
by a specific nucleotide sequence. Restriction enzYJl?e~.:,~e
DNA segment and replicates inside a host cell. The vector
isolated from bacterial cells and are tools for t~JP1(,\'ull!r
DNA and foreign DNA carrying gene of interest are cut
by the same restriction endpnuclease enzyme to. produce biologists.
complementary sticky ends. With the help of DNA ligase 9. (a) 10. (d)
enzyme, the complementary sticky ends of the two DNAs are 12. (b): Genetic engineering, .)$ "
joined to produce a recombin~nt DNA (rDNA), which is then manipulation of genetic materj,al, ~J$P~
introduced into the host cell. medical uses. It encompasses\tl'! I
4. (e): Restriction enzymes recognise specific base the DNA modification by li,('
sequences in a DNA moleculJ and cut its strands, e.g., EcoRI or deletion, and the int(l~(L'l~tt
cuts DNA strands in the base sequence GAATTC. organisms. It may prove Ii
5. (b): Vectors are DNA ~olecules that can carry a foreign genes of farmed aniITql$) tC)
DNA segment and replicate inside the host cell. 111eyare used human by inserting J10V\.)~S J
in recombinant DNA technology. .