MEKDELA AMBA

Model exit exam for 4th year

Political Science and
International Relations
students
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Question text
A primary prerequisite for the stability and prosperity of the Horn of Africa is?

[Link] on traditional leadership alone.

[Link], centralized presidential powers.

[Link] political space for citizens and civil society to address issues like power-
sharing and contracts.

[Link] unification of all Horn countries.

Question 2
Incorrect
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Question text
According to the 1959 Nile Water Treaty, how much of the Nile's water was allocated to
upstream riparian nations like Ethiopia and Kenya?

a.0 billion cubic meters

b.10 billion cubic meters

c.55 billion cubic meters

d.19 billion cubic meters

Question 3
Correct
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Question text
Accretion as a mode of acquiring territory occurs when:

[Link] land is naturally formed and attached to existing territory

[Link] is transferred by treaty

[Link] is gained through war

[Link] is occupied by force

Question 4
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Question text
Currently, Ethiopia poses the question of using the port of Assebe and the right of red sea.
Which law/treaty is appropriate for the reference of Ethiopian Question?

a.1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties

[Link] LOS convention on 1992

[Link] LOS convention on 1982

d.1648 Peace of Westphalia treaty

Question 5
Correct
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Question text
Ethiopia's decision to build large dams for hydropower is primarily based on the principle
of:

[Link] appropriation (first in time, first in right)

[Link] and equitable utilization

[Link] territorial sovereignty

[Link] rights and existing use

Question 6
Correct
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Question text
Ethiopia's foreign policy has been described as:
 [Link]

[Link]

[Link] and multi-dimensional

[Link]
Question 7
Correct
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Question text
How can federalism affect civil rights movements?

[Link] simplifies the legal process for civil rights cases

[Link] guarantees uniform civil rights protections across the country

[Link] has no impact on civil rights movements

[Link] can hinder progress by allowing states to resist federal mandates

Question 8
Correct
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In a parliamentary system, the head of government is typically:

[Link] Speaker of the Hous

[Link] President

[Link] Monarch

[Link] Prime Minister

Question 9
Correct
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Question text
In Ethiopia, what is the significance of the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF)?

[Link] was a key player in overthrowing the Derg regime

[Link] has always been a non-violent organization

[Link] was formed after the EPRDF came to power

[Link] represents the Amhara ethnic group

Question 10
Incorrect
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Question text
In Ethiopia, what major event occurred in 2018?

[Link] appointment of Abiy Ahmed as Prime Minister

[Link] establishment of a new constitution

[Link] signing of a peace agreement with Eritrea

[Link] outbreak of civil war

Question 11
Correct
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Question text
In Ethiopia's ethnic federalism, what is one major challenge faced by various ethnic
groups?

[Link] cultural homogeneity

[Link] central governance

[Link] over resource allocation and representation

[Link] prosperity for all regions

Question 12
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In federal systems, which level of government typically has the power to regulate
interstate commerce?

[Link] government

[Link] government

[Link] government

[Link] government
Question 13
Correct
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In monist states, international law:
 [Link] legislative approval to be valid

[Link] no effect on individuals

[Link] forms part of municipal law

[Link] inferior to domestic law

Question 14
Correct
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In political theory, what does "constructivism" emphasize?

[Link], beliefs, and identities shape social realities

[Link] interests among states

[Link] power as the primary factor in politics

[Link] reality in international relations

Question 15
Correct
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Question text
In what way can federalism contribute to political innovation?

[Link] limiting policy experimentation to the national level

[Link] reducing competition among states

[Link] ensuring that all states implement the same policies

[Link] allowing states to serve as laboratories for democracy

Question 16
Correct
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Municipal law primarily governs relations between:

[Link] and international organizations

[Link] and the state within a country

[Link] and individuals of other states

[Link] courts and states

Question 17
Incorrect
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The concept of "hegemony" in political theory is most associated with:

[Link] isolationism

[Link] and ideological leadership

[Link] dominance only

[Link] superiority
Question 18
Correct
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The concept of "national interest" often prioritizes:

[Link] cooperation over national sovereignty

[Link] growth over human rights

[Link] sustainability over military strength

[Link], economic prosperity, and cultural values

Question 19
Correct
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Question text
The concept of "soft power" was popularized by which scholar?

[Link] Fukuyama

[Link] Huntington

[Link] Nye

[Link] Keohane
Question 20
Correct
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Question text
The concept of "totalitarianism" includes which characteristic?

[Link] on civil liberties

 [Link] state control over personal lives

[Link] control over all aspects of life

[Link] in political parties

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Question text
What was a significant consequence of the Arab Spring movements across North Africa and
the Middle East?

[Link] in regional conflicts

[Link] authoritarian regimes

[Link] of economies

[Link] democratization
Question 2
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What is the primary critique of the Social Contract Theory?

[Link] ignores the role of government

[Link] is too focused on individual rights

[Link] promotes absolute monarchy

[Link] assumes a state of nature that may not exist

Question 3
Correct
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Which Rule regulating the various aspects of diplomatic relations and constitute one of the
earliest expressions of international law.

a.1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties

[Link] Convention on Diplomatic Relations in 1961

[Link] Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

[Link] Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Question 4
Correct
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What was the purpose of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)?

[Link] reduce trade barriers and promote free trade

[Link] provide humanitarian aid to developing countries

[Link] establish a common currency for participating countries

[Link] promote international cooperation in science and technology

Question 5
Correct
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Ethiopia's foreign policy has been described as:

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link] and multi-dimensional

Question 6
Correct
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In monist states, international law:

[Link] no effect on individuals

[Link] legislative approval to be valid

[Link] forms part of municipal law

[Link] inferior to domestic law

Question 7
Correct
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Which model of local government emphasizes community engagement and participatory
decision-making?

[Link] model
 [Link] model

[Link] model

[Link] model
Question 8
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What is one of the primary challenges of federalism in a diverse country?

[Link] power between state and federal governments

[Link] tax systems

c.T Increased efficiency in governance

[Link] in laws across states

Question 9
Correct
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The term "gerrymandering" refers to:

[Link] voter turnout through campaigns

[Link] electoral laws

[Link] electoral district boundaries for political advantage

[Link] new voting districts

Question 10
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The term "biopolitics" refers to:

[Link] governance of life and populations

[Link] policy-making

[Link] movements based on biological research

[Link] security strategies

Question 11
Correct
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Question text
Which country in the Horn of Africa successfully resisted colonization and remained
independent throughout the colonial era?

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]
Question 12
Correct
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Which one of the following is identified as the classic and broad consensus cause of
interstate conflict in the Horn of Africa?

[Link] politics

[Link] differences

[Link]/Border disputes

[Link] scarcity
Question 13
Correct
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Which of the following is a principle of customary international law?

[Link] Omnes–Obligations to all States

[Link] Sunt Servanda–Agreements must be kept

[Link]

[Link] Cogens–Peremptory Norms of International Law

Question 14
Correct
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Which international agreement aims to limit global warming to below 2 degrees Celsius?
 [Link] Agreement

[Link] Protocol

[Link] Accord

[Link] Protocol
Question 15
Correct
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The concept of "hegemony" in political theory is most associated with:

[Link] dominance only

[Link] and ideological leadership

[Link] isolationism

[Link] superiority
Question 16
Incorrect
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Question text
Which revolution is characterized by the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and a
Bill of Rights?

[Link] Revolution

[Link] Revolution

[Link] Revolution

[Link] Revolution
Question 17
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The Geneva Conventions primarily address:

[Link] agreements

[Link] protection

[Link] treatment in war

[Link] relations
Question 18
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Which political system allows for both private ownership and government regulation?

[Link]

[Link] Democracy

[Link]

[Link]
Question 19
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In federal systems, which level of government typically has the power to regulate
interstate commerce?

[Link] government

[Link] government

[Link] government

[Link] government
Question 20
Correct
Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

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Question text
Municipal law primarily governs relations between:

[Link] and the state within a country

[Link] and international organizations

[Link] courts and states

[Link] and individuals of other states

Question 21
Correct
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Which of the following is NOT a criterion of statehood under the Montevideo Convention
(1933)?

[Link] population

[Link] to enter into relations with other states

[Link] by the United Nations

[Link] territory
Question 22
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Which political theory emphasizes the importance of identity politics?

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]
Question 23
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The new scramble for the Horn of Africa in the 21st century is primarily driven by:

[Link]-economic interests like resources, markets, and strategic positioning.

[Link] search for new colonial territories to administer.

c.A desire to spread religious doctrines.

[Link] competition between communism and democracy.

Question 24
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Which of the following trends could strengthen the prospects of federalism in the future?

[Link] public demand for local governance and accountability

[Link] of policies across all states

[Link] participation in state elections

 [Link] of power in the federal government
Question 25
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Which theory argues that political power is distributed among various groups and
interests?

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]
Question 26
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In political theory, what does "constructivism" emphasize?

[Link] power as the primary factor in politics

[Link], beliefs, and identities shape social realities

[Link] reality in international relations

[Link] interests among states

Question 27
Correct
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Which of the following is NOT a type of treaty under international law?

[Link] Treaties

[Link] Treaties

[Link] Treaties

[Link] Treaties
Question 28
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 Question text
Which theory posits that international relations are shaped by the distribution of power
among states?

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]
Question 29
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The Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) was established in which
year?

a.1989

b.1995

c.1991

d.1974
Question 30
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Which treaty aimed at resolving disputes over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam
(GERD)?

[Link] Declaration of Principles

[Link] Cairo Accord

[Link] Addis Ababa Agreement

[Link] Nile Waters Treaty

Question 31
Correct
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A primary prerequisite for the stability and prosperity of the Horn of Africa is?

[Link] political space for citizens and civil society to address issues like power-
sharing and contracts.
 [Link], centralized presidential powers.

[Link] unification of all Horn countries.

[Link] on traditional leadership alone.

Question 32
Incorrect
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Which of the following is a potential benefit of federalism?

[Link] responsiveness to local needs

[Link] of regional disparities

[Link] decision-making

[Link] of laws across all states

Question 33
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Which court adjudicates disputes between states under international law?

[Link] Court of Justice

[Link] Court of Human Rights

[Link] Criminal Court

[Link] Court of Arbitration

Question 34
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Which concept refers to the ability of a state to govern itself without external
interference?

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]
Question 35
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What is described as a central obstacle to democratization and nation-building in post-
colonial Horn states?

[Link] fragmentation between imported modern institutions and traditional systems

[Link] absence of any history of pre-colonial statehood

[Link] overwhelming dominance of a single ethnic group

[Link] lack of natural resources

Question 36
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The principle of "jus cogens" refers to:

[Link] international law

[Link] norms from which no derogation is permitted

[Link] international treaties

[Link] agreements between states

Question 37
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The Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) is primarily focused on:

[Link] cooperation among Nile Basin countries

[Link] unity among Nile Basin states

[Link] development through trade agreements

[Link] management of Nile water resources

Question 38
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What is a primary disadvantage of decentralized governance?

[Link] public participation

 [Link] for unequal resource distribution

[Link] innovation in policy-making

[Link] local accountability

Question 39
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Which treaty established the European Union?

[Link] of Versailles

[Link] of Rome

[Link] Treaty

[Link] Treaty
Question 40
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Which theory holds that international law and municipal law are two separate legal
systems?

[Link]

[Link]

[Link] law

[Link]
Question 41
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Which international court is responsible for resolving disputes between states?

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]
Question 42
Correct
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 Flag question

Question text
The concept of "national interest" often prioritizes:

[Link], economic prosperity, and cultural values

[Link] sustainability over military strength

[Link] growth over human rights

[Link] cooperation over national sovereignty

Question 43
Correct
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Question text
In a parliamentary system, the head of government is typically:

[Link] Prime Minister

[Link] Speaker of the Hous

[Link] Monarch

[Link] President
Question 44
Correct
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Question text
Which document outlines the rights and responsibilities of citizens within a state?

[Link]

[Link] of Rights

[Link]

[Link] of Independence
Question 45
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What is a common criticism of globalization?

[Link] reduces state sovereignty

 [Link] fosters international cooperation

[Link] promotes cultural exchange

[Link] enhances economic inequality

Question 46
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The principle of sovereign equality of states means that:

[Link] states have equal legal rights and duties

[Link] states have equal military power

[Link] states have equal economic resources

[Link] states have equal population size

Question 47
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Under international law, state responsibility arises when:

a.A treaty is not ratified

b.A state violates a municipal law

c.A state breaches an international obligation

d.A private individual commits a crime

Question 48
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Who was the Prime Minister of Ethiopia during the transitional government from 1991 to
1995?

[Link] Ahmed

[Link] Zenawi

[Link] Layne

[Link] Desalegn
Question 49
Correct
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Which political ideology advocates for radical change through revolutionary means?

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]
Question 50
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What is a potential challenge of federalism in times of national crisis?

[Link] local governance

[Link] response strategies

[Link] state autonomy

[Link] difficulties among states and the federal government

Question 51
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What does "realpolitik" emphasize in foreign policy?

[Link] international relations

[Link] considerations in diplomacy

[Link] motivations for conflict

[Link] and pragmatic approaches to statecraft

Question 52
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The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine was adopted by which organization?

[Link] Union
 [Link] Union

[Link]

[Link] Nations
Question 53
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How can federalism affect civil rights movements?

[Link] simplifies the legal process for civil rights cases

[Link] guarantees uniform civil rights protections across the country

[Link] has no impact on civil rights movements

[Link] can hinder progress by allowing states to resist federal mandates

Question 54
Correct
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What was a significant outcome of the Treaty of Westphalia (1648)?

[Link] of colonial empires

[Link] of absolute monarchies across Europe

[Link] of state sovereignty and non-interference in domestic affairs

[Link] of the League of Nations

Question 55
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In Ethiopia, what is the significance of the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF)?

[Link] was a key player in overthrowing the Derg regime

[Link] represents the Amhara ethnic group

[Link] was formed after the EPRDF came to power

[Link] has always been a non-violent organization

Question 56
Correct
Mark 1.00 out of 1.00
 Flag question

Question text
In what way can federalism contribute to political innovation?

[Link] ensuring that all states implement the same policies

[Link] limiting policy experimentation to the national level

[Link] allowing states to serve as laboratories for democracy

[Link] reducing competition among states

Question 57
Correct
Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

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Question text
Ethiopia's decision to build large dams for hydropower is primarily based on the principle
of:

[Link] and equitable utilization

[Link] territorial sovereignty

[Link] appropriation (first in time, first in right)

[Link] rights and existing use

Question 58
Correct
Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

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Question text
Which regional organization was established in 1996 to promote collaboration on food
security, peace, and economic development in the Horn?

[Link] Union (AU)

[Link] African Community (EAC)

[Link] Authority on Development (IGAD)

[Link] Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)

Question 59
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What is a common critique of federalism regarding economic disparities?
 [Link] promotes equal wealth distribution

[Link] eliminates competition among states

[Link] allows wealthier states to disproportionately influence national policies

[Link] standardizes economic policies across the nation

Question 60
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Which political philosopher is known for the concept of the "general will"?

[Link] Hobbes

[Link] Marx

[Link] Locke

[Link]-Jacques Rousseau
Question 61
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What was the key provision of the 1975 Land Reform Proclamation?

[Link] privatization of land

[Link] of all land

[Link] of commercial farming

[Link] of land to former land lords

Question 62
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Which political ideology seeks to establish a classless society through revolutionary
means?

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]-capitalism
Question 63
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The concept of "totalitarianism" includes which characteristic?

[Link] control over all aspects of life

[Link] in political parties

[Link] state control over personal lives

[Link] on civil liberties

Question 64
Correct
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Question text
Which of the following best describes an international organization?

[Link] organization that aims to achieve the interest of a single country

[Link] organization that operates exclusively with in a single continent

[Link] organization that operates across national boundaries

[Link] organization that operates exclusively with in a single country

Question 65
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What challenge does federalism pose in terms of policy implementation?

[Link] can implement policies without federal approval

[Link] states must follow the same policy

[Link] government has no say in state matters

[Link] may arise between state and federal laws

Question 66
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What does "political efficacy" refer to?
 [Link] efficiency of electoral systems

[Link] impact of lobbying on legislation

[Link] effectiveness of government policies

[Link]' belief that they can influence political processes

Question 67
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Which major reform was initiated by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed?

[Link] establishment of military rule

[Link] introduction of monarchy

[Link] peace agreement with Eritrea

[Link] abolition of the federal system

Question 68
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Which international body primarily deals with economic disputes between nations?

[Link] Court of Justice

[Link] Nations General Assembly

[Link] Trade Organization

[Link] Monetary Fund

Question 69
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According to the 1959 Nile Water Treaty, how much of the Nile's water was allocated to
upstream riparian nations like Ethiopia and Kenya?

a.0 billion cubic meters

b.10 billion cubic meters

c.19 billion cubic meters

d.55 billion cubic meters

Question 70
Incorrect
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Question text
Currently, Ethiopia poses the question of using the port of Assebe and the right of red sea.
Which law/treaty is appropriate for the reference of Ethiopian Question?

[Link] LOS convention on 1982

[Link] LOS convention on 1992

c.1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties

d.1648 Peace of Westphalia treaty

Question 71
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Question text
The principle of "collective security" is most closely associated with which organization?

[Link] Union

[Link]

[Link] Union

[Link] Nations
Question 72
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What was the primary cause of the Woyane Rebellion in Tigray?

[Link] of mechanized agriculture

[Link] dissatisfaction with taxation policies

[Link] occupation by foreign powers

[Link] and redistribution of supporters

Question 73
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In Ethiopia, what major event occurred in 2018?
 [Link] outbreak of civil war

[Link] appointment of Abiy Ahmed as Prime Minister

[Link] signing of a peace agreement with Eritrea

[Link] establishment of a new constitution

Question 74
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Who was the founder of International law?

[Link] Grotius

[Link]

[Link] Pufendorf

[Link] de saxoferrato
Question 75
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Which social movement aimed to abolish slavery in the United States?

[Link] Movement

[Link] Movement

[Link] Movement

[Link] Rights Movement

Question 76
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Which of the following is cited as a contemporary challenge for Horn of African
states after independence?

[Link] ethnic and political conflicts

[Link] of cultural diversity

[Link] of border disputes

[Link] economic prosperity

Question 77
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What is the primary function of civil society organizations (CSOs)?

[Link] advocate for social change and hold governments accountable

[Link] enforce government policies

[Link] promote military interests

[Link] represent business interests only

Question 78
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Which of the following is a prospect for enhancing federalism in the future?

[Link] intergovernmental cooperation

[Link] state governments

[Link] state autonomy

[Link] central government authority

Question 79
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Question text
Which document served as a precursor to modern human rights declarations?

[Link] Carta

b.U.S. Constitution

[Link] Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

[Link] of Westphalia
Question 80
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The concept of "soft power" was popularized by which scholar?
 [Link] Fukuyama

[Link] Keohane

[Link] Huntington

[Link] Nye
Question 81
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Which organization, launched in 1999, seeks cooperative development of the Nile River?

[Link] Basin Initiative (NBI)

[Link] African Community (EAC)

[Link] Authority on Development (IGAD)

[Link] Union (AU)

Question 82
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Which of the following is NOT considered a source of international law?

[Link] International Law

[Link] Decisions

[Link] Legislation

[Link]
Question 83
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Question text
What role does the Supreme Court play in the context of federalism?

[Link] creates new federal laws

[Link] enforces state laws over federal laws

[Link] has no influence on federalism

[Link] arbitrates disputes between state and federal laws

Question 84
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Question text
Which constitutional amendment in Ethiopia allows for ethnic federalism?

[Link] 39

[Link] 100

[Link] 87

[Link] 54
Question 85
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What does "neo-liberalism" advocate in economic policy?

[Link] of key industries

[Link] markets and reduced state influence

[Link] government intervention in the economy

[Link] trade policies