Electronic Circuits 1
EE1003E: L7
BJT
Fixed bias
Determine the Q-point set by the applied
fixed bias configuration.
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BJT
Collector Feedback Bias
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BJT • The addition of the emitter resistor to the dc bias of the BJT
Emitter bias config. provides improved bias stability.
• The dc bias currents and voltages remain closer to where they
were set by the circuit when outside conditions, such as
temperature and transistor beta, change.
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BJT
Emitter bias config.
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BJT
Emitter bias config.
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BJT
Emitter bias config.
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BJT
Emitter bias config.
• For the given emitter-bias
network determine:
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BJT
Emitter bias config.
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BJT
Emitter bias config.
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• The term saturation is applied to any system where
levels have reached their maximum values.
BJT
• For a transistor operating in the saturation region, the
current is maximum for the particular design. Transistor Saturation
• Often the highest saturation level is defined by the
maximum collector current as provided by the
specification sheet.
Fixed Bias
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• The collector saturation level or maximum collector current for
an emitter-bias design can be determined using the same
BJT
approach applied to the fixed-bias configuration
Transistor Saturation
• Apply a short circuit between the collector–emitter terminals
and calculate the resulting collector current.
Fixed Bias
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BJT
Assignment - 1
Submission on 25/09/2023 before 11:00 PM.
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BJT
Voltage-Divider Bias
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BJT
• Useable for any voltage divider bias configuration. Voltage-Divider Bias
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BJT
Voltage-Divider Bias
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BJT
• Thevenin equivalent Voltage-Divider Bias
circuit is
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BJT
Voltage-Divider Bias
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BJT
Voltage-Divider Bias
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BJT
Voltage-Divider Bias
• The second approach is referred to
as the approximate method
• It can be applied only if specific
conditions are satisfied.
• The approximate approach permits
a more direct analysis with a
savings in time and energy.
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• The condition that will define whether the
approximate approach can be applied is
BJT
Voltage-Divider Bias
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BJT
Voltage-Divider Bias
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BJT
Voltage-Divider Bias
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BJT
CE: The inverting configuration
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BJT
CE: The inverting configuration
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BJT
Transistor internal capacitances
• There are very small capacitances in a BJT between the
collector and the base, and the base and the emitter.
• Since the capacitor values are very small, their impedance
at low and moderate frequencies is large.
• At low and moderate frequencies, these capacitor
impedances are approximately open circuits, and thus
they can be ignored.
• However, at high frequencies, the capacitor impedance
can drop to moderate values
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BJT
Transistor
internal
capacitances
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BJT
Transistor internal capacitances
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BJT
Transistor internal capacitances
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BJT
Transistor internal capacitances
• The junction capacitances and the transit time
of charge carriers through the semiconductor
material limit the high frequency performance
of transistors.
• This limitation is expressed as a cutoff
frequency
• It is the frequency at which the transistor
current gain falls to 0.707 of its gain at low and
medium frequencies.
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• The Miller effect describes a situation where the
BJT
capacitance between the input and output of an
Miller Effect amplifier appears as a larger capacitance at the input.
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BJT
Miller Effect
Groundwork
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BJT
Miller Effect
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BJT Miller Effect
• As most amplifiers are inverting, the effective input
capacitance is increased due to the Miller effect.
• This can reduce the bandwidth of the amplifier, restricting
its range of operation to lower frequencies.
• Miller effect occurs in amplifiers with 180° phase shift between input and output.
• Consequently, it occurs with CE circuits, but not with CB and emitter follower and circuits.
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• No resistor in the collector of Q1,
keeping the collector voltage fixed
• There is no Miller effect in Q2
since its base is grounded
BJT
Miller Effect
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BJT
Exercise
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