WISEN TUTORIALS

ENGLISH LANGUAGE
MAJOR TIPS BEFORE YOUR FINAL GRAMMAR EXAM
TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES

1) He had worked hard. He failed.

 In spite of working hard, he failed.
 Notwithstanding the fact that he had worked hard, he failed. (complex)
 Notwithstanding his hard work, he failed. (simple)

2) As soon as he reached school, the bell rang.

 No sooner did he reach school than the bell rang.
 Hardly/scarcely had he reached school when the bell rang.

3) As soon as he reaches school, his friends flock around him.

 No sooner does he reach school than his friends flock around him.

4) Smita had married Sachin, she would not have been turned out of her house by her
father.
 Smita had married Sachin. Smita was turned out of her house by her father.

5) Little did we know that Robin would go to Ooty.

 We have no idea that Robin would go to Ooty.
Always remember :
(a) No sooner……………… did…………. than
(b) Hardly had……………..when……….
(c) Little did ………………..
(d) Despite ……….. being ……………. (no comma)

6) The news is too good to be true.

 The news is so good that it cannot be true.

7) I am as strong as him.
 I am not stronger than him.

8) This razor is not as sharp as that one.

 This razor is sharper than this one.

9) Upala is not the tallest girl in the school.

 Upala is not taller than many girls in the school.
10) The audience loudly cheered the mayor’s speech.
  The Mayor’s speech was loudly cheered.
11) She is known to me.
 I know her.
Affirmative to negative:
Rule 1: Only/ alone/ merely → Replaced by → None but(person)/ nothing but(things)/ not
more than or not less than(number)

Rule 2: Must → Replaced by → Cannot but/ Cannot help+ (v+ing).

Rule 3: Both----and → Replaced by → not only ---- but also.

Rule 4: and ( if join two words) → Replaced by → Not only ----- but also.

Rule 5: Everyone/ everybody/every person/ (every + common noun)/all → Replaced by →

There is no + attached word + but.

Rule 6: As soon as → Replaced by → No sooner had ----- Than.

Rule 7: Absolute Superlative degree → Replaced by → No other+ attached word+so+

positive form+ as+subject.

Rule8: Sometimes affirmative sentences are changed into negative by using opposite
words. Before the word, off course ‘not’ is used.

Rule 9: Always → Replaced by → Never.

Rule 10: Too ---- to → Replaced by → so ---that+ can not/could not(in past).

Rule 11: As – as → Replaced by → Not less – than.

Rule 12: Universal truth are change by making them negative interrogative.

Rule 13: Sometimes → Replaced by → Not + always.

Rule 14: Many → Replaced by → Not a few.

Rule 15: A few → Replaced by → not many.

Rule 16: Much → Replaced by → A little.

Rule 17: A little → Replaced by → not much.

ASSERTIVE TO INTERROGATIVE
Rule 1: If the sentence is in the affirmative you have to change it into negative
interrogative. If it is in negative then you have to change it into bare interrogative.

Rule 2: No auxiliary verb in sentence →→ Change it by using →→ Do/does/did Or

Don’t/doesn’t/didn’t.

Rule3: Never → Replaced by → Ever.

Rule 4: Every body/everyone/ All → Replaced by → Who + Don’t/ Doesn’t/ Didn’t

Rule 5: Every + noun → Replaced by → Is there any + noun+ Who don’t/doesn’t/didn’t.

Rule 6: No body/ no one / None → Replaced by → Who.

Rule 7 : There is no → Replaced by → Is there any/ Who(person)/ What( thing).

Rule 8: It Is no → Replaced by → Is there any/Why.

Rule 9: It Doesn’t matter → Replaced by → what though/ Does it matter.

Interrogative to assertive is to be done doing Vice versa.

Exclamatory sentence to Assertive sentence
Rule1: Subject and Verb of exclamatory sentence are to be used as the subject and verb of
assertive sentence at the outset of the sentence.
How/what → Replace by → Very (before adjective)/ Great(before noun)

Rule 2: Sometimes the subject and verb may be eclipsed.

Rule 3: Hurrah/ Bravo → Replace by → I/we rejoice that/ It is a matter of joy that.

Rule 4: Alas → Replace by → I/we Mourn that/ It is a matter of sorrow or grief that.

Rule 5: Had/were/If /Would that(at the out set) → Replaced by → I wish + subject again +
were/ had+ rest part.

Assertive to exclamatory is to be done doing Vice versa.

Imperative to assertive
Rule 1: Add subject + should in doing assertive.

Rule 2: Please/kindly → Replaced by → you are requested to.

Rule 3: Do not → Replaced by → You should not.

Rule 4: Never → Replaced by → you should never.

Rule 5: Let us → Replaced by → We should.

Rule 6: Let + noun/pronoun → Replaced by → Subject + might.

Change of degree
Rule1: If the superlative degree says about the best thing then the rule is:-
For comparative,use –
subject +verb + adjective/adverb(comp. form) + Than any other + rest part
For positive, use-
No other + rest part after supr. Degree + verb + so/as + positive form of adj/adv +
as + sub.

Rule 2: If In superlative degree ‘One of the’ is transformed in this way:

Comparative: Sub+verb +comp. form +than most other+ Rest part.
Positive: Very few+ rest part after supr. Degree + verb + so/as + positive form of
adj/adv + as + sub.

Rule 3: Simple comparative is transformed into positive by using

(not so + adj/adv+as)/ (so+adj/adv+as)if negative. Second noun or pronoun
is used first.

Rule 4: No/not less --- than is transformed into positive by using as +adj/adv+ as

Complex →→→ Simple →→→ Compound

Rule 1: Since/As/When Change is to be made in the subordinate clause .
When subjects are same.

Simple: 1) Omit since/as/when.

2) (Verb+ing) of the subordinate clause.
3) then write the rest part.
4) use subject with the principal clause.
5) Principal clause remains unchanged.

Ex: Since the boy worked hard, he made a good result.

Simple: Working hard, the boy made a good result.

Compound: 1) Omit since /as /when

2) write down the rest part.
3) join clauses by using and, and so, and therefore
4) write the main clause unchanged.
 Ex: The boy worked hard and made a good result.

Rule 2: In case of Be verb in subordinate clause:

1) Use being/ Because of + Pronoun/noun(possessive form)+ being.

Ex: Since he was weak, he could not work hard.
Simple: Because of his being weak, he could not work hard.
Compound: He was weak and therefore could not work hard.
Note: and therefore, is used for showing reasons.

Rule3: When the subject of clauses are different:

Simple:
1)Subject of s.c.
2) Verb+ing ( be verb → being; Have verb → having)
Ex: Since the weather was foul, we did not go out.
Sim: The weather being foul, we did not go out.

Compound: use ‘and therefore’to join two clauses.

Ex: The weather was foul and therefore we did not go out.

Rule 4: If,’ is Replaced by – ‘by + (verb+ing)

Ex: If you work hard, you will succeed in life.
Simple: By working hard, you will succeed in life.

Compound: 1) Omit if+subject.

2. use ‘and’ to join two clauses.
Ex: Compound: Work hard and you will succeed in life.

Rule 5: Simple: If-not/unless, is replaced by, - without+( verb+ing)

Ex: Complex: If you donot work hard, you will fail in the examination.
Sim: Without working hard, you will fail in the examination.

Compound: Use or’/otherwise to join two clauses.

Ex: Work hard or you will fail in the examination.

Rule 6: Simple: Though’ is replaced by In spite of+ Possessive form of the subject+
(verb+ing)
Ex: Com: Though he tried heart and soul, he could not succeed in life.
Sim: In spite of his trying heart and soul he could not succeed in life.

Compound: Use ‘but’ to join two clauses.

Rule 7: Simple: So that is replaced by to/in order to.
Ex: Comp: He works hard so that he may prosper in life.
Sim: he works hard to/in order to prosper in life.

Compound: “and want/wants to” is used to join two clauses.

 Ex: He works hard and wants to prosper in life.

Rule 8: Simple: ‘so + adjective + that’ is replaced by ‘Too + adjective + to’

Ex: The boy is so foolish that he cannot understand it.
Sim: The boy is too foolish to understand it.

Compound: Use ‘And Therefore’ to make it a compound sentence.

Ex: He is so foolish and therefore cannot understand it.

Rule 9: When(if mentions time) is replaced by

For short time – At
For month or Season – In
For age--- at the age of.
Ex: She woke up when it was midnight.
Simple: She woke up at midnight.
Com: When it is spring, the cuckoo sings.
Sim: In Spring the cuckoo sings.
Con: When Samira was four she went to school.
Sim: At the age of four, Samira went to school.

Compound: Use and to join clauses.

Ex: She woke up and it was midnight.

Rule 10: Simple: If the clause says a bout a continuous fact then use-
At the time of instead of ‘When’
Ex: When I was eating the phone rang.
Sim: At the time of my eating, the phone rang.
Compound: Use ‘And’.
Ex: I was eating and the phone rang.

Rule 11: Simple: Noun clause can be replaced by noun.

Ex: Com: He admitted that he was guilty.
Sim: He admitted his guilt.
Com: That he is honest is known to all.
Sim: his honesty is known to all.

Compound: Use ‘And’.

Ex: He is honest and it is known to all.

Rule 12: Simple: If Complex sentence is made with relative pronoun(who, what, which,
that), omit it and make (verb+ing).
Com: The Doctor who is working in the hospital is known to all.
Sim: The doctor working in the hospital is known to all.
Note: If the verb is in the past participle it remains unchanged.
Ex: The picture which was drawn by Liza is very fine.
Sim: The picture drawn by Liza is very fine.
Rule 13: Simple: Adjective Clause is changed into - Adjective, Past participle Phrase, Noun
in apposition, infinitive.

Adjective:
ex: A man who is drowning catches at a straw.
Sim: A drowning man catches at a straw.
Compound: A man is drowning and so catches at a straw.
Past participle phrase:
Ex: The answer that he wrote was not correct.
Sim: The answer written by him was not correct.
Compound: He wrote the answer and it was not correct.
Gerundial Infinitive:
Ex: I have no money that I can lend you.
Sim: I have no money to lend you.
Compound: I have no money and I cannot lend you.

Rule 14: In the compound “ not only---- But also” is Changed by “Besides + (Verb +ing)”
In the simple.
Ex: [Link] not only teaches us English but also writes novels.
Sim: Besides teaching us English, Mr. Khan Writes novels.