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? Statistical Questions

The document explains statistical questions and statements, highlighting that statistical questions require data collection and exhibit variability. It details measures of central tendency, including mean and median, and discusses the impact of outliers on these measures. The final summary emphasizes the need for data in statistical questions, the definitions of mean and median, and the effect of outliers on the mean.

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4 views5 pages

? Statistical Questions

The document explains statistical questions and statements, highlighting that statistical questions require data collection and exhibit variability. It details measures of central tendency, including mean and median, and discusses the impact of outliers on these measures. The final summary emphasizes the need for data in statistical questions, the definitions of mean and median, and the effect of outliers on the mean.

Uploaded by

ajayvishnugofficial
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

📊 Statistical Questions & Statements

 A statistical question is one that can be answered


by collecting data and has variability.
 A statistical statement is a claim based on data.
✅ Example
Question: How tall are students in Class 7?
✏️Solution
 Heights will vary → collect data from all students.
 Hence, it is a statistical question.
. 📈 Arithmetic Mean (Average)
🔹 Formula
{Mean} = Sum of all values\Number of values
🔹 Idea
 Represents the fair share or central value of data.
✅ Example
Find the average of: 2, 7, 9, 4, 3
✏️Solution
Sum = 2 + 7 + 9 + 4 + 3 = 25
Number of values = 5
Mean = 25 ÷ 5 = 5
👉 Average = 5

Average as Fair Share


🔹 Idea
 Total items are equally distributed among all
members.
✅ Example
Group A: 3, 8, 10, 5, 4
✏️Solution
Total = 30
Members = 5
Each gets = 30 ÷ 5 = 6
👉 Fair share = 6 items each

📉 Median
🔹 Definition
 The middle value of ordered data.
✅ Example
Find median of: 118, 165, 170, 173, 175
✏️Solution
Already arranged → middle value = 170
👉 Median = 170

🔹 For Even Number of Values


✅ Example
Find median of: 155, 160, 164, 165, 169, 173
✏️Solution
Middle values = 164 and 165
Median = (164 + 165) ÷ 2 = 164.5
👉 Median = 164.5

🚨 Outliers
🔹 Definition
 Values that are very different from the rest.
✅ Example
Data: 170, 173, 165, 118, 175
✏️Solution
 118 is much smaller than others → outlier
 It reduces the mean but does not affect median
much
👉 Outlier = 118

Mean vs Median
🔹 Key Idea
 Mean is affected by outliers
 Median is not affected much
✅ Example
Data: 2, 4, 6, 8, 40
✏️Solution
Mean = (2+4+6+8+40) ÷ 5 = 60 ÷ 5 = 12
Median = 6
👉 Mean > Median due to outlier (40)

📏 Range (Variability)
🔹 Formula
Range = Maximum − Minimum
✅ Example
Data: 17, 24, 30, 60
✏️Solution
Range = 60 − 17 = 43
👉 Range = 43

📌 Measures of Central Tendency


🔹 Includes:
 Mean
 Median
👉 They represent the centre of data
✅ Example
Data: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
✏️Solution
Mean = 3
Median = 3
👉 Both same → data is balanced

📉 Effect of Outliers
🔹 Idea
 Outliers shift the mean
 Median remains stable
✅ Example
Data: 5, 6, 7, 8, 100
✏️Solution
Mean = 126 ÷ 5 = 25.2
Median = 7
👉 Mean is distorted by outlier

🔥 Final Summary
 Statistical questions → need data
 Mean → average value
 Median → middle value
 Outliers → extreme values
 Mean is affected by outliers, median is not

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