NORCET KI POL

INDIAN GEOGRAPHY & STATIC GK

India – Basic Geographical Facts

India is located in South Asia and is the 7th largest country in the world by area.

Feature Detail
Country India
Capital New Delhi
Continent Asia
Hemisphere Northern & Eastern
Latitude Range 8°4'N – 37°6'N
Longitude Range 68°7'E – 97°25'E
Standard Meridian 82°30'E
Indian Standard Time UTC +5:30
Key Lines
Line Importance
Tropic of Cancer Divides tropical & subtropical India
Indian Standard Meridian Time calculation
Equator Does not pass through India

Tropic of Cancer States

The Tropic of Cancer (23°30'N) passes through 8 states.
State Region
Gujarat West
Rajasthan West
Madhya Pradesh Central
Chhattisgarh Central
Jharkhand East
West Bengal East
Tripura North-East
Mizoram North-East

India and its Neighbours

Country Direction
Pakistan West
Afghanistan North-West
China North
Nepal North
Bhutan North
Bangladesh East
Myanmar East
Physical Divisions of India
Division Description
Himalayas Young fold mountains
Northern Plains Fertile alluvial plains
Peninsular Plateau Oldest landmass
Indian Desert Thar Desert
Coastal Plains Eastern & Western coast
Islands Andaman-Nicobar & Lakshadweep

Mountain Ranges of India

Important mountain ranges asked in exams:

Range State
Aravalli Rajasthan
Vindhya Central India
Satpura Central India
Western Ghats Maharashtra to Kerala
Eastern Ghats Odisha to Tamil Nadu
Nilgiri Hills TN-Kerala-Karnataka

Rivers of India
Rivers are divided into two types.
1. Himalayan Rivers
• Ganga
• Yamuna
• Brahmaputra

2. Peninsular Rivers
• Godavari
• Krishna
• Kaveri
• Narmada
• Tapi
Important Rivers
Ganga River
Origin: Gangotri Glacier (Uttarakhand)
Length: 2525 km
States through which it flows:
• Uttarakhand
• Uttar Pradesh
• Bihar
• Jharkhand
• West Bengal
Fact: Ganga and Brahmaputra form the Sundarbans Delta, the largest delta in the world.

Yamuna River
Origin: Yamunotri Glacier Major
cities along Yamuna:
• Delhi
• Mathura
• Agra
It meets Ganga at: Prayagraj (Triveni Sangam)

Brahmaputra River
Origin: Tibet
Name in Tibet: Tsangpo Enters
India through:
Arunachal Pradesh
Joins Ganga in Bangladesh.

Godavari River
Known as:
"Ganga of South India"
Origin: Trimbakeshwar (Maharashtra) Longest
river of Peninsular India.

Narmada River
Origin:
Amarkantak Plateau
Flows westwards and drains into: Arabian Sea

Lakes of India
Wular Lake
• Located in Jammu & Kashmir
• Largest freshwater lake in India

Chilika Lake
• Located in Odisha
• Largest coastal lagoon in India

Sambhar Lake
• Located in Rajasthan
• Largest saltwater lake in India

Vembanad Lake
• Located in Kerala
• Longest lake in India

Waterfalls of India
Kunchikal Falls
• Located in Karnataka
• Highest waterfall in India

Jog Falls
• Located in Karnataka
• One of the most famous waterfalls

Nohkalikai Falls
 • Located in Meghalaya
• Highest plunge waterfall in India

Dudhsagar Falls
• Located in Goa

Important Mountain Passes

Mountain passes are routes through mountains used for transport.

Nathu La Pass
• Located in Sikkim
• Trade route with China

Shipki La Pass
• Located in Himachal Pradesh

Rohtang Pass
• Located in Himachal Pradesh

Bhor Ghat
• Located in Maharashtra

Pal Ghat
• Located between Kerala and Tamil Nadu

Climate of India
India experiences Tropical Monsoon Climate.

Four main seasons:

Winter: December – February
Summer: March – May
Southwest Monsoon: June – September
Retreating Monsoon: October – November

Important Climate Facts

Wettest place in India:
Mawsynram (Meghalaya)

Lowest rainfall region:

Leh (Ladakh)

Longest day in India:

21 June

Forest Types of India

Tropical Evergreen Forest Location:
• Western Ghats
• Andaman & Nicobar Islands Characteristics:
• Dense forests
• Heavy rainfall

Tropical Deciduous Forest

Most common forest in India.
Also called:
Monsoon forest

Thorn Forest
Location:
• Rajasthan
• Gujarat

Mangrove Forest
Location:
 Coastal regions
Example:
Sundarbans

National Parks of India

National Park State / UT Famous For

Jim Corbett National Park Uttarakhand First national park in India, Bengal tiger

Kaziranga National Park Assam One-horned rhinoceros

Gir National Park Gujarat Asiatic lion

Ranthambore National Park Rajasthan Bengal tiger

Sundarbans National Park West Bengal Royal Bengal tiger, mangrove forests

Bandipur National Park Karnataka Tigers and elephants

Kanha National Park Madhya Pradesh Barasingha (swamp deer)

Satpura National Park Madhya Pradesh Leopards, bears

Hemis National Park Ladakh Snow leopard

Dachigam National Park Jammu & Kashmir Hangul deer

Keoladeo National Park Rajasthan Migratory birds

Desert National Park Rajasthan Great Indian Bustard

Manas National Park Assam Tiger reserve, UNESCO site

Mudumalai National Park Tamil Nadu Elephants and tigers

Guindy National Park Tamil Nadu Blackbuck

Indravati National Park Chhattisgarh Wild buffalo

Kanger Valley National Park Chhattisgarh Limestone caves

Betla National Park Jharkhand Elephants and tigers

National Symbols of India

Symbol Name
National Animal Royal Bengal Tiger
National Bird Peacock
National Flower Lotus
National Tree Banyan
National River Ganga
National Fruit Mango

Classical Dance Forms of India

Dance State
Bharatanatyam Tamil Nadu
Kathakali Kerala
Kathak Uttar Pradesh
Odissi Odisha
Manipuri Manipur
Kuchipudi Andhra Pradesh
Mohiniyattam Kerala
Sattriya Assam

Important Cities and Their Nicknames

INDIA
● Mumbai – City of Dreams
● Delhi – City of Rallies
● Kolkata – City of Joy
● Chennai – Gateway of South India
● Bengaluru – Silicon Valley of India
● Hyderabad – City of Pearls
● Jaipur – Pink City
● Udaipur – City of Lakes
● Jodhpur – Blue City
● Amritsar – Golden City
● Varanasi – City of Temples
● Haridwar – Gateway to God
● Prayagraj – Sangam City
● Ahmedabad – Manchester of India
● Surat – Diamond City
● Kanpur – Manchester of North India
● Ludhiana – Manchester of India (textile hub)
● Pune – Oxford of the East
● Dehradun – School Capital of India
● Chandigarh – City Beautiful
● Srinagar – Venice of the East
● Alappuzha – Venice of the East (India)
● Kochi – Queen of Arabian Sea
● Mysuru – Sandalwood City
● Nagpur – Orange City
● Indore – Mini Mumbai
● Patna – Ancient City
● Shimla – Queen of Hills
● Darjeeling – Queen of Hills (East India)
WORLD
● New York – Big Apple
● Paris – City of Light
 ● London – The Old Smoke
● Rome – Eternal City
● Venice – City of Canals
● Dubai – City of Gold
● Las Vegas – Sin City
● Chicago – Windy City
● Tokyo – Land of Rising Sun (Japan)
● Bangkok – City of Angels
● Istanbul – City of Seven Hills

FAMOUS MONUMENTS – LOCATION & BUILDER

🇮🇳 INDIA
● Taj Mahal – Agra – Shah Jahan
● Red Fort – Delhi – Shah Jahan
● Qutub Minar – Delhi – Qutb-ud-din Aibak (completed by Iltutmish)
● Humayun’s Tomb – Delhi – Haji Begum
● India Gate – Delhi – Edwin Lutyens
● Gateway of India – Mumbai – George Wittet
● Charminar – Hyderabad – Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah
● Gol Gumbaz – Bijapur – Muhammad Adil Shah
● Buland Darwaza – Fatehpur Sikri – Akbar
● Fatehpur Sikri – Uttar Pradesh – Akbar
● Agra Fort – Agra – Akbar
● Jama Masjid – Delhi – Shah Jahan
● Meenakshi Temple – Madurai – Nayak rulers
● Sun Temple – Konark – Narasimhadeva I
● Khajuraho Temples – Madhya Pradesh – Chandela rulers
● Sanchi Stupa – Madhya Pradesh – Ashoka
● Hawa Mahal – Jaipur – Sawai Pratap Singh
● Victoria Memorial – Kolkata – British Govt (in memory of Queen Victoria)
● Ajanta Caves – Maharashtra – Satavahana rulers
● Ellora Caves – Maharashtra – Rashtrakuta rulers
WORLD
● Great Wall of China – China – Qin Shi Huang
● Eiffel Tower – Paris – Gustave Eiffel
● Statue of Liberty – USA – Gift from France (designed by Bartholdi)
● Colosseum – Rome – Emperor Vespasian
● Leaning Tower of Pisa – Italy – Bonanno Pisano
● Big Ben (Clock Tower) – London – Augustus Pugin (design)
● Burj Khalifa – Dubai – Developed by Emaar (architect Adrian Smith)
● Pyramids of Giza – Egypt – Pharaohs (Khufu etc.)
COMMON SHORT FORMS & FULL FORMS
● HTML – HyperText Markup Language
● HTTP – HyperText Transfer Protocol
● HTTPS – HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure
● URL – Uniform Resource Locator
● WWW – World Wide Web
● PDF – Portable Document Format
● DOC – Document
● TXT – Text File
● JPEG – Joint Photographic Experts Group
● PNG – Portable Network Graphics
● ATM – Automated Teller Machine
● PIN – Personal Identification Number
● OTP – One Time Password
● CVV – Card Verification Value
● IFSC – Indian Financial System Code
● SIM – Subscriber Identity Module
● IMEI – International Mobile Equipment Identity
● SMS – Short Message Service
● MMS – Multimedia Messaging Service
● USB – Universal Serial Bus
● WiFi – Wireless Fidelity
● LAN – Local Area Network
● WAN – Wide Area Network
● VPN – Virtual Private Network
● GPS – Global Positioning System
● CCTV – Closed Circuit Television
● LED – Light Emitting Diode
● LCD – Liquid Crystal Display
● CPU – Central Processing Unit
● RAM – Random Access Memory
● ROM – Read Only Memory
● HDD – Hard Disk Drive
● SSD – Solid State Drive
● AI – Artificial Intelligence
● IT – Information Technology
API – Application Programming Interface

Example MCQs
Which is the largest state in India by area?
Answer: Rajasthan

Which river is known as the Sorrow of Bihar?

Answer: Kosi

Which city is known as the Silicon Valley of India?

Answer: Bengaluru

Which national park is famous for Asiatic lions?

Answer: Gir National Park

INDIAN POLITY
The Constitution of India
The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the country.
It defines the structure of government, rights of citizens, and duties of the state.

Important Facts
Feature Detail
Adopted on 26 November 1949
Came into force 26 January 1950
Drafting Committee Chairman Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
Length Longest written constitution in the world
Source Borrowed from many countries

Sources of the Indian Constitution

Many provisions were borrowed from other constitutions.
Country Feature Borrowed
United Kingdom Parliamentary system
United States Fundamental Rights
Ireland Directive Principles
Canada Federal system with strong centre
Germany Emergency provisions
Australia Concurrent list

Features of the Indian Constitution

Feature Explanation
Written Constitution Detailed written document
Federal System Power divided between centre and states
Parliamentary System Executive responsible to legislature
Secular State No official religion
Independent Judiciary Courts are independent
Preamble of the Constitution
The Preamble describes the basic philosophy of the Constitution.

Key Words
India is a:

• Sovereign
• Socialist
• Secular
• Democratic
• Republic

Objectives
Objective Meaning
Justice Social, economic, political equality
Liberty Freedom of thought and expression
Equality Equal opportunity
Fraternity Unity and brotherhood

Fundamental Rights (Articles 12–35)

Fundamental Rights are basic rights guaranteed to citizens.
Right Articles
Right to Equality 14–18
Right to Freedom 19–22
Right against Exploitation 23–24
Right to Freedom of Religion 25–28
Cultural & Educational Rights 29–30
Right to Constitutional Remedies 32
Important Fact
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar called Article 32 the "Heart and Soul of the Constitution."

Right to Equality
Article Provision
Article 14 Equality before law
Article 15 No discrimination
Article 16 Equal opportunity in jobs
Article 17 Abolition of untouchability
Article 18 Abolition of titles

Right to Freedom
Article Freedom
Article 19 Freedom of speech, expression
Article 20 Protection in criminal cases
Article 21 Right to life and liberty
Article 22 Protection against arrest
Important:

Article 21 → Most important article (Right to Life)

Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)

Directive Principles guide the government in making laws.
Article Principle
Article 38 Promote welfare of people
Article 39 Equal justice
Article 40 Panchayati Raj
Article 44 Uniform Civil Code
Article 45 Free education
Important:

They are not enforceable by courts.

Fundamental Duties
Added by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment (1976).
Duty Example
Respect the Constitution Follow national ideals
Protect environment Forests, rivers
Promote harmony Unity among citizens
Safeguard public property Protect national assets
Currently there are 11 fundamental duties.

President of India
The President is the Head of State of India.
Feature Detail
Article 52
Election Electoral College
Term 5 years
Official residence Rashtrapati Bhavan
Powers of President
Power Description
Executive Power Appoints PM, ministers
Legislative Power Summons Parliament
Judicial Power Grants pardon
Military Power Supreme commander

Vice President of India

Feature Detail
Article 63
Term 5 years
Role Chairman of Rajya Sabha

Prime Minister of India

The Prime Minister is the real executive head of the government.
Feature Detail
Appointment By the President
Leader of Council of Ministers
Responsible to Lok Sabha
Important Functions
• Leads the government
• Makes policy decisions
• Coordinates ministries

Council of Ministers
Type Role
Cabinet Ministers Top decision makers
Ministers of State Assist cabinet ministers
Deputy Ministers Assist ministers

Parliament of India
Part Role
President Head of Parliament
Lok Sabha Lower House
Rajya Sabha Upper House

Lok Sabha
Feature Detail
Maximum strength 552
Term 5 years
Presiding officer Speaker
Members elected by Direct election
Rajya Sabha
Feature Detail
Maximum strength 250
Permanent house Yes
Term of member 6 years
Chairman Vice President

Speaker of Lok Sabha

Role Function
Presides over Lok Sabha Maintains order
Decides money bill Final authority
Controls debates Conducts proceedings

Judiciary of India
The judiciary ensures justice and interpretation of laws.

Three levels:
Level Court
National Supreme Court
State High Court
District District Courts

Supreme Court of India

Feature Detail
Established 1950
Location New Delhi
Chief Justice Head of Supreme Court
Judges Maximum 34
Constitutional Amendments
Important amendments frequently asked in exams.
Amendment Importance
42nd Amendment Added Fundamental Duties
44th Amendment Removed Right to Property as fundamental right
73rd Amendment Panchayati Raj
74th Amendment Urban Local Bodies
86th Amendment Right to Education

Example MCQs
1. Which article is known as Heart and Soul of the Constitution?

Answer: Article 32

2. Who is the Chairman of Rajya Sabha?

Answer: Vice President

3. Which amendment added Fundamental Duties?

Answer: 42nd Amendment

4. Which house of Parliament is permanent?

Answer: Rajya Sabha

Indus Valley Civilization

Feature Detail
Period 2500–1900 BCE
Discovered by Dayaram Sahni
First site discovered Harappa
Script Undeciphered
Main occupation Trade and agriculture
Major Cities
City Present Location
Harappa Pakistan
Mohenjo-daro Pakistan
Lothal Gujarat
Kalibangan Rajasthan
Dholavira Gujarat

Indian National Movement

Important Organizations
Organization Year
Indian National Congress 1885
Muslim League 1906
Important Movements
Movement Leader
Non-Cooperation Movement Mahatma Gandhi
Civil Disobedience Movement Mahatma Gandhi
Quit India Movement Mahatma Gandhi

Important Dates
Event Year
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre 1919
Quit India Movement 1942
Independence of India 1947

CURRENT AFFAIRS & IMPORTANT FACTS

Constitutional Office Holders of India
Office Current Holder
President Droupadi Murmu
Vice President Jagdeep Dhankhar
Prime Minister Narendra Modi
Chief Justice of India Justice B. R. Gavai
Speaker of Lok Sabha Om Birla
Chief Election Commissioner Gyanesh Kumar
Comptroller and Auditor General K. Sanjay Murthy
Attorney General of India R. Venkataramani

Heads of Armed Forces

Position Current Head
Chief of Defence Staff General Anil Chauhan
Chief of Army Staff General Upendra Dwivedi
Chief of Naval Staff Admiral Dinesh Kumar Tripathi
Chief of Air Staff Air Chief Marshal Amar Preet Singh

Important National Institutions

Institution Head
ISRO Dr. V. Narayanan
CBI Praveen Sood
Intelligence Bureau Tapan Kumar Deka
UPSC Dr. Ajay Kumar
Atomic Energy Commission Dr. Ajit Kumar Mohanty

Important Companies & CEOs

Company CEO
Google Sundar Pichai
Meta Mark Zuckerberg
Instagram Adam Mosseri
Infosys Salil Parekh
Reliance Industries Mukesh Ambani

Nobel Prize 2024 Winners

Field Winner Contribution
Physics John J. Hopfield & Geoffrey Hinton Artificial neural networks
Chemistry David Baker, Demis Hassabis, John Jumper Protein design
Medicine Victor Ambros & Gary Ruvkun Discovery of microRNA
Literature Han Kang Literary works
Peace Nihon Hidankyo Anti-nuclear movement
Economics Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, James Robinson Institutions and prosperity

Major International Organizations

Organization Headquarters
United Nations (UN) New York
World Health Organization (WHO) Geneva
International Monetary Fund (IMF) Washington D.C.
World Bank Washington D.C.

UNESCO Paris

Important Awards and Their Fields

Award Field
Nobel Prize Science, literature, peace
Bharat Ratna Highest civilian award of India
Padma Vibhushan Civilian award
Padma Bhushan Civilian award
Padma Shri Civilian award
Pulitzer Prize Journalism
Booker Prize Literature

Major Sports Tournaments

Tournament Sport
FIFA World Cup Football
ICC Cricket World Cup Cricket
Wimbledon Tennis
French Open Tennis
Olympics Multi-sport

Grand Slam Tennis Tournaments

Tournament Country
Australian Open Australia
French Open France
Wimbledon United Kingdom
US Open United States

Important Days
Day Date
Republic Day 26 January
Independence Day 15 August
Gandhi Jayanti 2 October
World Environment Day 5 June
International Yoga Day 21 June
World Health Day 7 April
Republic Day 2025 Facts
Event Detail
Republic Day 26 January
Parade Location New Delhi
Chief Guest President Prabowo Subianto (Indonesia)

Important Government Schemes

Scheme Purpose
Ayushman Bharat Health insurance
PM Jan Dhan Yojana Bank accounts for poor
Swachh Bharat Mission Clean India campaign
PM Awas Yojana Housing for poor
Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Girl child welfare

Important Questions for Exams

-Which award is known as India's highest civilian award?

Answer: Bharat Ratna

-Who is the CEO of Google?

Answer: Sundar Pichai

-Where is the headquarters of WHO located?

Answer: Geneva

-Which day is celebrated as International Yoga Day?

Answer: 21 June

COMMON ENGLISH IDIOMS (WITH MEANINGS)

● A piece of cake – Very easy
● Break the ice – Start a conversation
 ● Hit the nail on the head – Exactly correct
● Once in a blue moon – Very rarely
● Under the weather – Feeling sick
● Spill the beans – Reveal a secret
● Cost an arm and a leg – Very expensive
● Bite the bullet – Face a difficult situation
● Let the cat out of the bag – Reveal a secret accidentally
● Burn the midnight oil – Study/work late at night
● Actions speak louder than words – What you do matters more than what you say
● The ball is in your court – It’s your turn to decide
● Kill two birds with one stone – Do two things at once
● A blessing in disguise – Something good hidden in bad
● Beat around the bush – Avoid the main point
● Better late than never – Late is better than not doing at all
● Don’t cry over spilled milk – Don’t worry about past mistakes
● Every cloud has a silver lining – Hope in bad situations
● Hit the sack – Go to sleep
● Pull someone’s leg – Joke with someone
● Sit on the fence – Not take a side

SYNONYMS & ANTONYMS RULE:

The step-wise trick in the simplest form
● Read the given word carefully
● Check what is asked → synonym or antonym
Look at all options together
● Try to identify 3 similar words (a group)
● If antonym is asked → pick the odd one (opposite)
● If synonym is asked → pick the one matching the word
● If grouping is not clear → use root/prefix or basic meaning

NORCET CURRENT AFFAIRS

1. GOVERNMENT SCHEMES

• PM-SYM: Pension ₹3000/month after 60 yrs; for unorganized workers (<₹15,000

income); Ministry → Labour & Employment
• PM YUVA 3.0: For authors <30 yrs; duration 6 months; stipend ₹50,000; Ministry
→ Education
• Bio-Pharma Shakti: ₹10,000 crore scheme to boost pharma manufacturing
• Haryana OTS Scheme: One-time settlement of pending tax dues for traders
• Bihar Electricity Scheme: 125 units free electricity to households & farmers
• Telangana Insurance Scheme: ₹5 lakh cover; universal family insurance
• Ayushman Bharat (PM-JAY) → ₹5 lakh insurance
• Mission Indradhanush → Full immunization(>90%)
• POSHAN Abhiyaan → Reduce malnutrition
• Anemia Mukt Bharat → Reduce anemia

STATE-SPECIFIC
• Tripura Mukhyamantri Balika Samriddhi: ₹50,000 bond at birth (max 2 girls)
• Tripura Kanya Atmanirbhar: Free scooty to meritorious girls

2. RANKINGS & INDICES

Global Terrorism Index 2026:

Pakistan → Rank 1
India → Rank 1
Asia Power Index 2025:
1 → USA
2 → China
3 → India
Nagoya Protocol: India → Rank 3 (compliance certificates)
Renewable Energy Leader (India): Gujarat (~16%)

3. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

• Bhartiya Antariksh Station (BAS):

First module → 2028
Completion → 2035

• NISAR Mission: NASA + ISRO; uses SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar)

Use: Earthquakes, glaciers, land deformation
 • EAST (China Artificial Sun): Nuclear fusion breakthrough beyond Greenwald
limit
• Telangana → AI lung cancer screening in govt hospitals
• Kavach 4.0: Indigenous railway anti-collision system
Developed by Indian Railways
• Sakhsham Anti-Drone: Army + BEL
• LIGO India: Detects gravitational waves (Einstein theory)
• AI & NATIONAL EVENTS
India AI Impact Summit 2026 → Focus on: AI governance, Healthcare innovation

4. ECONOMY & POLITY

GDP Base Year Updated: 2011–12 → 2022–23

• Method: Double deflation
• Ethanol Blending: India achieved 20% blending by 2025
• Goal: Reduce crude oil import
• Orange Economy: Creative sector (films, media, animation)

Mentioned in Budget 2026–27

• Online Gaming Act 2025: Regulates online gaming & fraud prevention
• Supreme Court: Menstrual health linked to Article 21 (Right to Life)
• Industry Definition Case: SC reconsidering definition for labour rights

5. ENVIRONMENT & BIODIVERSITY

Ramsar Sites (India):

Total → 98
Green Budgeting: Himachal Pradesh → 1st state
Tracks climate expenditure

NEW SPECIES DISCOVERY

• Earthworms:
Moniligaster grish
Dravida renolusi

6. AWARDS & CULTURE

Republic Day 2026 Tableau Winner:

1st → Maharashtra (Ganeshotsav theme)
2nd → J&K
3rd → Kerala
BAFTA 2026: “Boong” (Manipuri film)
Category → Children & Family Film
7. BOOKS
• Tides of Time → Mamta Kalia
• The Sage Who Reimagined Hinduism → Hindol Sengupta
8. IMPORTANT DAYS
• World TB Day (March 24):Theme → Yes, We Can End TB
• World Wetlands Day (Feb 2):Theme → Wetlands & Traditional Knowledge

First LPG ATM: Gurugram 24×7 cylinder access

9. TB
Target (India) → Eliminate TB by 2025 (NOT achieved yet)
Global target → 2030
NTEP → National TB Elimination Programme
Earlier name → RNTCP
NEW UPDATES
• Nikshay Poshan Yojana → Increased to ₹1000/month (2024 update)
• TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan → Community participation (Ni-kshay Mitra concept)
• 100-Day TB Campaign (2026) → Covers 1.5 lakh+ villages for early detection
• BPaLM Regimen → MDR-TB treatment reduced to 6 months (from 20 months)

DIAGNOSTIC UPDATE
• Shift from smear microscopy → molecular tests
• Old method detects only ~50% cases
• AI-based TB detection → Used in Haryana, rural screening
IMPORTANT FACTS
• India contributes ~25% global TB burden
• TB incidence ↓ 21% (WHO report 2025)

10. HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE & PROGRAMMES

PM-ABHIM
Full form: → Pradhan Mantri Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission
Focus:
• Critical care blocks
• Labs
• Pandemic preparedness
CURRENT UPDATES
India needs:
• 3 million hospital beds
• 2.4 million nurses (shortage)

NEW HEALTH CAMPAIGNS

• “Mazhe Gaav Aarogya Sampann Gaav” → Rural health awareness campaign
Focus:
• Primary health centres
• Awareness + access

• MENTAL HEALTH
New programs like: → Raj-Mamta mental health initiative (2026)
Includes:
• School counselling
• Stress management

New AIIMS: → AIIMS Awantipora (J&K) operational by 2026

DIGITAL HEALTH STARTUPS→ IIT Indore: → 50 digital health solutions (AI, remote monitoring)
11. IMPORTANT NATIONAL SCHEMES
• Amrit Bharat Station Scheme → Modernization of 1300+ railway stations
• PM Vishwakarma Scheme → Support to traditional artisans (18 trades)
• PM YUVA 3.0 → Promote young writers (Ministry of Education)
• Skill India Mission → Skill development for youth employment
• Startup India → Promote startups & entrepreneurship
• Digital India Mission → E-governance + digital services
• BharatNet Project → Internet to rural areas

12. ECONOMY & BANKING

• UPI (Unified Payments Interface) → Real-time digital payment system
India is global leader in digital payments (UPI)
 • RBI (Reserve Bank of India)→ Controls monetary policy
Repo Rate → Rate at which RBI lends to banks
ADD-ON HIGH-YIELD POINTS
• Gaganyaan Mission: India’s first human spaceflight (upcoming)
• UCC (Uniform Civil Code): Uttarakhand → first state to implement
• Digital India Act (upcoming): To replace IT Act 2000
• 5G Rollout: India among fastest expanding networks
• Semicon India Program: To boost chip manufacturing
• Women Reservation Bill: 33% reservation (implementation linked to census)

MATHEMATICS
Number System
The number system includes different types of numbers used in mathematics.

Types of Numbers
Type Example
Natural Numbers 1, 2, 3, 4
Whole Numbers 0, 1, 2, 3
Integers -3, -2, -1, 0, 1
Rational Numbers 1/2, 3/4
Irrational Numbers √2, π

LCM and HCF

LCM (Least Common Multiple) → Smallest number divisible by given numbers. HCF
(Highest Common Factor) → Largest number dividing the numbers.

Important Formula
LCM × HCF = Product of numbers
Example
Find LCM and HCF of 12 and 18 Factors:
12 → 2² × 3
18 → 2 × 3² HCF
=6
LCM = 36

Percentage
Percentage means per hundred.
Formula
Percentage = (Value / Total) × 100

Example
If a student scores 45 out of 60
Percentage = 45 / 60 × 100 = 75%

Average
Average is the sum of observations divided by number of observations.
Formula
Average = Sum of values / Number of values

Example
Find average of:
10, 20, 30, 40
Average = (10 + 20 + 30 + 40) / 4 = 25

Profit and Loss

Important Formulas
Concept Formula
Profit SP − CP
Loss CP − SP
Profit % Profit / CP × 100
Loss % Loss / CP × 100
CP = Cost Price
SP = Selling Price

Example
CP = 100
SP = 120
Profit = 20
Profit % = 20%

Simple Interest
Simple interest is calculated on the principal amount only.
Formula
SI = (P × R × T) / 100
P = Principal
R = Rate
T = Time

Example
P = 1000
R = 10%
T = 2 years SI
= 200
Time and Work
If a person completes a work in x days:
Work done in 1 day = 1/x

Example
A can complete work in 10 days
Work done in 1 day = 1/10
If B completes work in 20 days
Work done in 1 day = 1/20 Together:
1/10 + 1/20 = 3/20
Total time = 20/3 days

Speed, Time and Distance

Formula
Speed = Distance / Time
Distance = Speed × Time
Time = Distance / Speed

Example
Speed = 60 km/hr
Time = 2 hours
Distance =60 × 2 = 120 km

Important Maths Short Tricks

Percentage Trick
10% of a number = divide by 10
Example: 10% of 500 = 50

Square Trick
25² = 625
35² = 1225
45² = 2025

Example Questions
Find 20% of 250
Answer: 50

If a train travels 80 km/hr for 3 hours, distance travelled is:

Answer: 240 km

LOGICAL REASONING Analogy

Analogy identifies similar relationships.
Example
Doctor : Hospital :: Teacher : ?
Answer: School
Number Series
Find the missing number in the pattern.

Example:
2, 4, 8, 16, ? Pattern:
×2
Answer: 32

Alphabet Series
Example:
A, C, E, G, ?

Pattern: +2 letters Answer:

I

Coding–Decoding
Example:
CAT → DBU
Pattern:Each letter +1
C→D
A→B
T→U

Direction Sense
Example:
A person walks:
10 m North 5 m East
Final direction = North-East

Odd One Out

Example:
Dog
Cat
Cow
Car
Answer: Car
Reason: Others are animals.
Venn Diagram

Used to show relationships between groups.

Example:
Students and Teachers.
Some teachers can also be students.

Example Reasoning Questions

Find next number: 3,
9, 27, 81, ?
Answer:243
Pattern = ×3

If DOG = 4157, then

CAT = ?
C=3
A=1
T = 20
Answer = 3120