CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
2.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the related literature and studies that support the development of the
MDRRMO Web-Based Information Management System. It includes both foreign and local
sources that discuss web-based systems, information management, and disaster response. This
chapter also identifies research gaps that justify the need for the proposed system.
2.2 Related Literature
2.2.1 Foreign Literature
Web-based information systems play a crucial role in enhancing disaster management by
improving data accessibility, coordination, and decision-making processes. According to
Balogun et al. (2025), the integration of digital infrastructure is essential in modernizing
emergency response strategies, as their developed web-based platform streamlines data
collection and information dissemination while providing a centralized hub for real-time
communication between government agencies and the public. Similarly, Laudon and Laudon
(2019) emphasized that web-based systems enable organizations to manage and access
information in real time through internet technologies, making them highly valuable in
environments that require timely and accurate data. In addition, Turban et al. (2020) highlighted
that information systems enhance decision-making by providing reliable and up-to-date
information, which is particularly important in disaster situations where rapid response is
necessary to minimize damage and save lives.
Recent studies further demonstrate the importance of integrating advanced technologies into
disaster management systems. Abdirahim et al. (2026) introduced a web-based flood
management system that enhances preparedness and response through real-time monitoring,
while Khan et al. (2023) found that the integration of geographic information systems (GIS),
machine learning, and data analytics significantly improves decision-making processes.
Moreover, Daud et al. (2024) emphasized that Web GIS technologies enhance hazard
monitoring, visualization, and inter-agency collaboration. Emerging technologies such as
artificial intelligence and deep learning also contribute to disaster risk reduction, as proposed by
Neshenko et al. (2025), who developed a framework for improved disaster detection and
response. Furthermore, Aisyah et al. (2026) noted that mobile-enabled technologies support
communication, reporting, and coordination, while Gopal et al. (2026) explained that social
media platforms enhance real-time communication and situational awareness among
communities and response teams.
Additionally, integrated information systems have been shown to improve disaster response
efficiency. Ahmad et al. (2025) found that such systems enhance coordination through better
data sharing, while Samhuri et al. (2024) developed an application that provides real-time
information and coordination features. Abdalla and Esmail (2019) also emphasized that WebGIS
systems are essential tools for disaster monitoring, planning, and response. Overall, these studies
indicate that the integration of web-based systems, advanced analytics, and communication
technologies significantly strengthens disaster preparedness, response, and coordination,
supporting the development of an effective MDRRMO Web-Based Information Management
System.
2.2.2 Local Literature
Improving the operational efficacy of Local Government Units (LGUs) in the Philippines is
becoming increasingly dependent on using Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
in disaster management modernization efforts. According to Abenojar et al. (2025), adopting
ICT systems is critical for resolving communication gaps and enabling a more effective
interchange of data among various disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) sectors.
The E-LIGTAS platform exemplifies the digital transformation process. According to the
Philippine Council for Health Research and Development – Department of Science and
Technology (PCHRD-DOST, 2026), this platform allows Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Offices (MDRRMOs) to monitor resources and submit occurrence reports in real
time, thereby significantly reducing critical “lead time” during disasters.
Research shows that using web-based monitoring and decision-support systems can significantly
improve disaster response at the community level, despite the legal framework established by
Republic Act No. 10121 (Baguio & Dela Cruz, 2026). This is supported by Villanueva et al.’s
(2026) research in Calamba City, which found that real-time data monitoring and Geographic
Information Systems (GIS) that adhere to ISO 25010 standards improve resource coordination
and decision-making speed.
RSIS International (2026) identified a “turning point” in Tagkawayan, Quezon, where the
transition from manual processes to a centralized information system transformed disaster
response from “reactive” to “proactive.” Daminar (2026) emphasizes that the successful
implementation of RA 10121 depends on a locality's administrative capacity, necessitating a
robust monitoring system to ensure the four thematic pillars of DRRM function.
In addition to facilitating coordination, ICT tools can save lives. Research completed in
Guimaras (2023) shows that these technologies are critical for speedy evacuation and climate
change adaptation. Finally, these initiatives are based on the National Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Plan 2020-2030, which requires local governments to improve disaster
governance by implementing modern platforms (NDRRMC, 2023). Collectively, these literatures
demonstrate that developing a web-based information management system for San Vicente is an
important and timely endeavor that aligns with Philippine national policy.
2.3 Related Studies
Numerous studies underscore the essential function of web-based technologies in improving
disaster management by increasing operational efficiency and data accuracy. **As shown by
Garcia et al. (2021), centralized systems make it easier to keep track of resources and evacuees
by cutting down on duplicate data entry and making sure that information is consistent. Smith
and Lee (2020) also reinforce this by showing that real-time updates from these systems help
agencies respond better in emergencies. Johnson (2018) also stressed that automated data
processing cuts down on human error. In the Philippines, Cruz (2020) confirmed that web-based
reporting enhances data collection accuracy, while Dela Peña (2021)noted that these systems
strengthen local decision-making and coordination. Moreover, the communication infrastructure
established by Santos and Reyes (2022) was essential in coordinating government entities and
responses. In general, these findings show that current technologies are useful, but they don't
always fulfill the special needs of MDRRMO operations. The proposed MDRRMO Web-Based
Information Management System seeks to address these deficiencies by offering a reliable, user-
friendly platform intended to facilitate communication and decision-making in times of disaster.
2.4 Related System
A related system to the proposed MDRRMO Web-Based Information Management System is the
Web-Based Management Information System (WB-MIS) developed by Juma, J. M. (2020). This
system was designed to improve information management by utilizing web-based technologies
to efficiently collect, store, process, and disseminate data within an organization. According to
Juma (2020), the WB-MIS provides a centralized platform that enhances accessibility, accuracy,
and timeliness of information, which are essential in organizational operations. The system also
supports better coordination and communication among users by allowing real-time data updates
and retrieval. Furthermore, it minimizes manual processes, reduces errors, and improves overall
efficiency in handling information.
This related system is relevant to the present study as it demonstrates how web-based solutions
can effectively address challenges in information management, particularly in environments that
require fast and reliable data handling, such as disaster risk reduction and management.
2.5 Synthesis of the Study
The reviewed literature and studies indicate that web-based information systems are effective
tools for managing disaster-related data. Foreign studies focus on advanced systems and real-
time technologies, while local studies highlight the challenges faced by local government units,
such as limited resources and outdated processes.
Both sources emphasize the importance of accurate, timely, and accessible information in
disaster response. However, there is still a lack of systems specifically designed for MDRRMO
needs at the municipal level.
2.5 Research Gap
Based on the reviewed literature and studies, existing systems:
Lack customization for MDRRMO operations
Have limited features for real-time data management
Are not fully implemented in local government units
This study aims to address these gaps by developing a MDRRMO Web-Based Information
Management System that focuses on efficient data handling, real-time access, and improved
coordination.
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