Third year ,

Lecture 5

Layouts and Map

Series in ArcGIS
By
Pro
[Link] MENSHAWY
[Link] METWALLY

Frist semester, 2025

 Layouts in ArcGIS Pro– Overview

• A layout is a representation of a
printed page
• Typically you make a layout
before exporting to PDF or
printing
• Nearly identical to ArcMap layouts,
but
ArcGIS Pro has multiple layouts
• Layouts are stored together with
maps, in a project
Cartography
 Cartography
• The word cartography is derived from Greek word Carte graphine (in Greek CARTE = "an empty plane
paper to write or to draw and GRAPHINE = "to drawwith mathematical accuracy is
the study and practice of making maps maps.
• The art, science and technology of making maps together with their study as scientific documents and
works of art. In this context, maps may be regarded as including all
types of maps, plans, charts and sections, three dimensional models, and globe representing the
earth or any celestial body at any scale (ICA).

Scope and uses of cartography

• The use of maps as research tools.
• The study of maps as historical documents and works of art
• Promoting standard system of data capturing, storing, processing and
visualization in different mapping sciences like geodesy,
surveying, photogrammetry, remote sensing and GIS.
• To satisfy the need of map users from variety of fields connecting human
thoughts and Environmental features mapped.
 Principles of
cartography
Visual Contrast legibility
Figure-
Ground Hierarchical Balance
Organization Organization
 Visual contrast
•Visual contrast relates how map
features and page elements
contrast with each other and their
background.
•A well-designed map with a high
degree of visual contrast can result
in a crisp, clean, sharp-looking map.
•The higher the contrast between
features, the more some features
will stand out
Legibility

• Legibility is the ability to be seen and understood.

• Legibility depends on good decision making when
selecting symbols
Figure-Ground Organization
• it is the spontaneous separation of the figure in
the foreground from an amorphous background.
• Cartographers use this design principle to
help map readers focus on a specific area of the
map.
• There are many ways to promote figure-
ground organization, such as adding detail to the
map or using a whitewash, a drop shadow, or
feathering.
Hierarchical Organization
• You can think of a hierarchy as the visual
separation of your map into layers of
information.
• Some types of features will be seen as more
important than other kinds of features, and some
features will seem more important than other
features of the same type.
 Balance

• Balance involves the organization of the map

and other elements on the page.

• A well-balanced map page results in

an impression of equilibrium and harmony.
Cartographic Information System
•A Cartographic Information System (CIS) is a specialized form of
Geographic Information System (GIS) that focuses primarily on the
design, production, and presentation of maps.
•While GIS emphasizes spatial data analysis, CIS emphasizes
visual communication through cartography.
•Examples of Cartographic Information Systems: ATKIS® (Authorative
Topographic-Cartographic Information System), RAND-CAGIS (RAND's
CartographicAnalysis and Geographic Information System, ArcGIS
Pro (Esri), QGIS (Open Source), MapInfo
Key Components of a Cartographic
Information System:
1. Data Input
2. Data Management
3. Cartographic Design Tools
4. Map Production
5. Output and Sharing

Functions of a CIS
1. Improves The Way Geographic Data Is Displayed.
2. Helps With Decision-making By Conveying Spatial Patterns.
3. Makes Data Sharing Easier By Using Standardized Map
Outputs.
4. Uses Automation Tools To Keep Maps Consistent And
Accurate.
Mapping and Layout
Map
▪ The word ‘Map’ is derived from the Latin word ‘Mappe’ which means Napkin
of cloth cover
▪
One map is worth 1000 words
▪
a representation or abstraction of geographic reality
▪
A tool for presenting geographic information in a way that is visual, digital
or tactile
▪ A symbolised representation of a geographical reality, representing
selected features and characteristics, resulting from
the creative effort of its author’s execution of choices, and designed for
use when spatial relationships are of primary relevance
From maps, information on distances, directions and area sizes can be
•retrieved, patterns revealed, and relations understood and quantified
Basic Characteristics of Maps
▪ Locations
▪ Attributes
▪ (Time)
▪ Relationships:
▪ Relationships among locations
▪ Relationships among various attributes at one location
▪ Relationships among locations of a given attribute
▪ Relationships among locations of combined or derived attributes
▪ All geographical maps are reductions – controlled by the scale
▪ All maps involve geometrical transformations
▪ Maps are abstractions of reality
▪ All maps use signs
Purposes of Map
▪ Store geographic information in
▪ spatial format Serve mobility and
▪ navigation needs
▪ Analytical purposes – measuring and
computing Summarizing voluminous
▪ statistical data
▪ Spatial forecasting and
spotting trends Stimulate spatial
thinking
Categories of Map
Classed by Scale
▪ Small-scale vs. Large Scale

Small Scale Large Scale

1:100,000,000 New York City at 1:10,000
Scale Selection
Map depends not only on its contents but also on its scale.
The map scale is the ratio between a distance on a map and the corresponding
distance in the terrain.
Reference Map

• Maps, where cities and towns are named,

major transport routes are included along
with natural features like lakes and rivers
etc. are general reference map.
•A reference map
overview of provides a displaying
geographical information, natural
features and political boundaries.
• Reference maps prioritize showing the
location of geographic features and
boundaries
• Example are : Topographic maps,
Geographic maps, Road maps etc.
Thematic (theme based) Maps
• Rather than attempting to map the landscape
or help to show you where to go, thematic
maps are designed instead to highlight
information on specific topics.
• Topics could be anything from geology to
population density or weather.
• Unlike general reference maps, which can
typically be read and understood by pretty
much anybody, thematic maps may also
require specific knowledge to understand.
• Some common types of Thematic
includes Choropleth Maps, Graduated
Symbol Maps, Dot Density Maps,
Cartograms Maps.
Special Purpose Map

• They lie somewhat between reference

maps and thematic maps as they are
often reference-like in their use but are
made for specific types of users or
pertain to a specific type of data.
• Examples include: Population
Density Maps, Climate Maps,
Vegetation Maps, Relief Maps, Ancient
Trade Route Maps, Tourist Map,
Economic Activity Maps.
Basic Steps for communicating map
information's to others
Step 1:
Consider what the real-world
distribution of the phenomenon might
look like
Step 2:
Determine the purpose of the map
and its intended audience

Step 3:
Collect data appropriate for
Map purpose

Step 4:
Design and construct the Map

Step 5:
Determine whether users find the
map useful and informative
 Map Elements
1. Frame line and neat line
2. Mapped area
3. Inset
4. Title and subtitle
5. Legend
6. Data source
7. Scale
8. Orientation
9. Grid & Graticules
Frame and neat lines ought to be

• understated, serving their structural

purpose without drawing attention.
• A single thin, black line should be used;
slightly thicker lines are appropriate
when working with larger formats, such
as wall maps and posters.
• Size and position of the neat line are
normally dictated by the frame line, the
mapped area, and the other map
elements
Mapped Area

Mapped area is the region of Earth

being represented
Insets
An inset is a smaller map included within the context of a larger map

The inset is relatively subtle; its only purpose is to help orient the map user size and position of the
inset are equally variable, depending on the purpose of the inset, the size of the map, and the other
map elements.
 Title and Subtitle
Most thematic maps require a title

Unnecessary words should be omitted

from the title, but care should be exercised
to avoid abbreviations that the map user
might not understand.

“Population Density” or “Population Density in New

Hampshire, 2010”

subtitle, if employed, is used to further explain the

title
Legends
The legend is the map element that defines all of the thematic
symbols on a map.
serves as the decoder for the symbology in the data frame

Symbols that are self explanatory or not directly related to the map’s theme are
normally omitted from simple thematic map legends.
 Data Source
► The data source allows the map user to determine where the
thematic data were obtained.
► style of the data source should be plain and subtle
► intended audience’s needs need to be considered
► It is among the smallest type on a map

Scale
► The scale indicates the amount of reduction that has taken place on a map, or allows the map user to
measure distances.
► representative fraction (e.g., 1:24,000) is a ratio of map distance
►verbal scale reads like a spoken description of the relationship between
map distance and Earth distance. “One inch to the mile”
►bar scale, or scale bar, resembles a ruler that can easily be used
to measure distances on a map
Orientation
► Orientation refers to the indication of north on a map.
► The north arrow should be relatively small; it should be large enough to
find and use, but not so large that it attracts attention.
► The north arrow should be placed in an out-of-the-way location,
preferably near the bar scale.

Grid & Graticules

• It includes latitude/longitude or grid as per the map

layout. Also define interval
• These are the reference systems to define the
position of points on earth surface. Rectangular
coordinate system uses grid as reference system while
geographical coordinate system uses graticules as
reference system.
Questions
Thank you for attending!