straight line y = mx + 2 /Ax + By + C =
X-int = slope = x + B =
3-int = ab =
circle Ax+ Ay+ DxtEy + F =
0 AtO
(X h)+ (y
- -
k) r
=
& centre (h k) ,
coordinate of centre (* , ) radius : J
Ej" F
+ -
parabola y =
ax-bx + /y =
a(x h)+ kat0
-
Vertex (h, k)
Ch25
pt of intersection 1 of intersection No of
2
pt pt intersection
< 0 -= 8 70
find the number of intersection => Sub Ex
find the coordinates of intersection pt = [
<Coordinates of Ch a
coordinates of A = (X , 3) A ,
i , [ x x B = (h k)
,
or
Ch23 More about quadratic inequalities
QP 23 ,
a)x2 X 6 >8
!
- -
i, X-2 or X33
Ch27 Arithmetic Sequences
(EE + E) I 2
Ch28 Geometric sequences
i
So = Fr
KEEP IT SAFE. It won’t be printed for you the second times.
Concept Sheet for Deductive Geometry in DSE
Name : _______________________________ Class :______ Class No. :_____
A. Pythagoras Theorem and the Converse
If C = 90, then c 2 a 2 b 2 If c 2 a 2 b 2 , then C = 90
( Pyth. theorem) (converse of Pyth. theorem)
B. Congruent Triangles and Similar Triangles
(a) Conditions for Congruent Triangles
ABC PQR DEF XYZ ABC PQR DEF XYZ ABC PQR
(SSS) (SAS) (ASA) (AAS) (RHS)
Notice, (ASS) is NOT a valid condition for congruent triangles except the special case (RHS)
(b) Conditions for Similar Triangles
If A = X, B = Y, AB BC CA AB AC
If , then If and A = X,
C = Z, then XY YZ ZX XY XZ
ABC XYZ ABC XYZ then ABC XYZ
(AAA) (3 sides prop.) (ratio of 2 sides, inc. )
(c) Corresponding angles and sides of similar and congruent triangles.
If ABC XYZ, then If ABC XYZ, then
(#1) A = P, B = Q, C = R and (#1) A = X, B = Y, C = Z and
(#2) AB PQ, BC QR, and CA RP AB BC CA
(#2)
XY YZ ZX
(#1) (corr. s, s) (#1) (corr. s, s)
(#2) (corr. sides, s) (#2) (corr. sides, s)
C. Angle
(1) a b 180 (2) a b c d 360 (3) ab
(adj. s on a st. line) (s at a point) (vert. opp. s)
D. Parallel Line
(a) Parallel Line
(1) If AB // CD, then a = b (2) If AB // CD, then b = c (3) If AB // CD, then
b d 180
(corr. s, AB // CD) (alt. s, AB // CD) (int. s, AB // CD)
(b) Parallel Lines’ proof
(1) If a = b, then AB // CD (2) If b = c, then AB // CD (3) If b d 180 , then
AB//CD
(corr. s equal) (alt. s equal) (int. s supp.)
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E. Triangles
(a) Angles of Triangle
(1) a b c 180 (2) d a b
( sum of ) (ext. of )
(b) Isosceles Triangle and Equilateral Triangle
(1) If AB = AC, then b = c (2) If b = c, then AB = AC Angles in equilateral triangle are all
the same
i.e. a b c 60
prove - prove -
(base s, isos. ) (sides opp. equal s) (prop. of equil. )
In an isosceles triangle that AB = AC, If all 3 angles are equal, then
If one of the following conditions is true, all 3 sides are equal.
the other two are also true.
(i) BD DC
(ii) BAD CAD
(iii) AD BC
( prop. of isos. ) no reason
F. Angles of Polygons.
(1) Sum of interior angles (n 2) 180 (2) Sum of exterior angles 360
( sum of polygon) (sum of ext. s of polygon)
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G. Parallelogram
( Definition : Both pair of opposite sides are parallel )
(a) If ABCD is parallelogram, then
(1) AB = DC, AD = BC (2) A = C, B = D (3) AO = OC, BO = OD
=
(opp. sides of // gram ) (opp. s>
of // gram) (diags. of // gram)
Use ( Property of //gram ) in DSE!
(b) If any of the following cases is true, then ABCD is a Parallelogram
(1) If AB = CD and (2) If A = C and (3) If AK = KC and (4) If AD = BC and
AD = BC B = D BK = KD AD // BC
(opp. sides equal ) (opp. s equal) (diags. bisect each other) (opp. sides equal and //)
H. Property of rectangle
( Definition : A parallelogram with all four right angles )
All properties of All the interior angles Diagonals are equal. Diagonals bisect each
a parallelogram are right angles. i.e. AC=BD other into four equal parts.
i.e. AE=BE=CE=DE
A D A D
B C B C
( Property of rectangle )
I. Property of square
( Definition : A parallelogram with all four right angles and four equal sides )
All properties of All sides are equal. Diagonals are Angle between each
a rectangle perpendicular to each other diagonal and a side is 45
45 45
45 45
45 45
45 45
( Property of square )
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J. Property of rhombus
( Definition : A parallelogram with four equal sides )
All properties of All sides are equal. Diagonals are Interior angles are
a parallelogram perpendicular to each other bisected by the diagonals
( Property of rhombus )
K. Midpoint and Intercept Theorem
If AH = HB, AK = KC, then If AH = HB, HK // BC, then If AB // CD // EF and AC = CE,
(i) HK // BC, AK = KC then BD = DF
1
(ii) HK = BC
2
( mid-pt. Theorem ) ( intercept theorem ) ( intercept theorem )
G. Angle Bisectors and Perpendicular Bisectors
(a) A straight line that bisects (平分) an angle is called an angle bisector.
If OP is the angle bisector of MON , If PM PN , PM OM and PN ON ,
PM OM and PN ON , then PM PN . then OP is the angle bisector of MON .
( bisector property) (converse of bisector property)
5 / 10