INSIDE READING

abandon – to leave something or someone permanently

academy – a place of study or training in a special field
access – the ability to enter or use something
accommodate – to provide space or help for someone
accompany – to go somewhere with someone
accumulate – to collect or gather over time
achieve – to succeed in reaching a goal
acknowledge – to accept or admit the truth
acquire – to get or gain something
adapt – to change to fit a new situation
adequate – enough in quantity or quality
adjust – to change slightly to improve or fit
administrate – to manage or run something
adult – a fully grown person
advocate – to publicly support an idea or person
affect – to have an influence on
aggregate – a total made of smaller parts
aid – help or support
albeit – although
allocate – to give something to someone as a share
alter – to change something
alternative – another choice or option
ambiguous – not clear, open to interpretation
amend – to make changes or improvements
analogous – similar or comparable in some way
analyse – to study or examine in detail
annual – happening once a year
anticipate – to expect or predict
apparent – easy to see or understand
append – to add something at the end
appreciate – to recognize the value of something
appropriate – suitable or proper
approximate – close to the actual value
arbitrary – based on personal choice, not reason
area – a part of a place or subject
aspect – a particular part or feature
assemble – to put together
assess – to evaluate or judge
assign – to give someone a task or role
assist – to help
assume – to take something as true without proof
attach – to fasten or join
attain – to reach or succeed in getting something
attitude – a way of thinking or feeling
attribute – a quality or characteristic
author – a person who writes
authority – power or right to control
automate – to make a process operate automatically
available – ready for use
aware – knowing about something
behalf – in the interest of
benefit – an advantage or good result
bond – a connection or link
brief – short in time or length
bulk – the largest part
capable – able to do something
capacity – the ability to hold or do something
category – a group of similar things
cease – to stop
challenge – something difficult that requires effort
chapter – a section of a book or document
chemical – a substance used in or produced by chemistry
cite – to refer to as evidence
circumstance – a condition or fact affecting a situation
cite – to mention as an example or support
clarify – to make clear or easier to understand
classic – typical or traditional
clause – a group of words with a subject and verb
code – a system of symbols or rules
coherent – logical and well organized
coincide – to happen at the same time
collapse – to fall down suddenly
colleague – a person you work with
commence – to begin
comment – a spoken or written remark
commission – an official group or order
commit – to carry out or do
communicate – to share or exchange information
community – a group of people living in the same area
compatible – able to work or exist together
compensate – to give something for loss or injury
compile – to collect into a list or book
complement – something that completes or goes well with
complex – made of many connected parts
component – a part of something
compound – something made of two or more parts
comprehensive – complete and including everything
comprise – to consist of or be made up of
compute – to calculate or work out
conceive – to think of or form an idea
concentrate – to focus attention or effort
concept – an idea or principle
conclude – to bring to an end or decide
concurrent – happening at the same time
conduct – to lead or carry out
confine – to limit or keep within bounds
confirm – to prove something is true
conflict – a serious disagreement or fight
conform – to follow rules or norms
consent – permission or agreement
consequent – happening as a result
considerable – large or important
consist – to be made of
constant – not changing
constitute – to form or make up
constrain – to limit or restrict
construct – to build or create
consult – to seek advice or information
consume – to use up
contact – communication or connection
contemporary – happening now or at the same time
context – the situation or background
contract – a legal agreement
contrast – to show differences
contribute – to give or add something
controversy – a public disagreement
convene – to gather or meet
converse – to talk with someone
convert – to change from one form to another
convince – to persuade
cooperate – to work together
coordinate – to organize or arrange
core – the central or most important part
corporate – relating to a company
correspond – to match or be similar
create – to make something new
credit – praise or recognition
criteria – standards for judging
crucial – very important
culture – the customs and beliefs of a group
currency – money used in a country
data – facts or information
debate – a formal discussion
decade – a period of ten years
deduce – to draw a conclusion
define – to explain the meaning
demonstrate – to show clearly
deny – to refuse to accept
depend – to rely on
derive – to get from a source
design – to plan or create
despite – even though
detect – to discover or notice
deviate – to go off course or path
differentiate – to see or show differences
dimension – a measurement or aspect
diminish – to become less
discrete – separate or distinct
displace – to move something from its place
display – to show
distribute – to give out
diverse – varied or different
document – a written or printed paper
domain – an area of knowledge or control
domestic – relating to home or country
draft – a first version of writing
drama – a play or exciting event
duration – the length of time
dynamic – full of energy or change
economy – the system of money and trade
edit – to correct or revise
eliminate – to remove or get rid of
emerge – to come out or appear
emphasis – special importance
empirical – based on observation or experience
enable – to make possible
encounter – to meet unexpectedly
energy – power to do work
enforce – to make sure laws are followed
enhance – to improve
enormous – very large
ensure – to make certain
environment – surroundings
equate – to consider equal
equipment – tools or gear
equivalent – equal in value or amount
error – a mistake
establish – to set up or create
estate – property or land
estimate – a guess of number or size
ethic – moral principle
ethnic – relating to cultural groups
evaluate – to judge or assess
eventual – happening at the end
evident – clear or obvious
evolve – to develop gradually
exceed – to go beyond
exclude – to leave out
expand – to grow or increase
expert – a person with special skill
explicit – very clear
export – to send goods out
expose – to show or reveal
external – outside
extract – to remove or take out
facilitate – to make easier
factor – something that influences
feature – an important part
federal – relating to central government
file – a folder for storing documents
final – last
finance – money or funding
flexible – able to bend or adapt
fluctuate – to change level or amount
focus – the center of attention
format – the way something is arranged
forthcoming – about to happen
foundation – base or support
framework – a structure for support
function – a purpose or role
fund – money set aside
fundamental – basic or essential
furthermore – in addition
gender – male or female
generate – to produce or create
generation – group of people born at same time
glad – happy or pleased
grade – a score or level
guarantee – a promise
guideline – a rule or direction
hierarchy – a system of ranking
highlight – to show importance
hypothesis – a testable explanation
identical – exactly the same
identify – to recognize or name
ideology – a system of ideas or beliefs
illustrate – to explain with examples
image – a picture or visual
immigrate – to move to a new country
impact – an effect or influence
implement – to carry out or put into effect
implicate – to show someone is involved
impose – to force something
incentive – a reward for action
incident – an event
income – money earned
incorporate – to include
index – a list or measure
indicate – to show or point out
individual – one person
inevitable – certain to happen
infer – to conclude from evidence
infrastructure – basic structures or systems
inhibit – to hold back or prevent
initial – first
initiate – to begin
injure – to hurt
input – information or ideas put in
insert – to put into
insight – a clear understanding
inspect – to look at carefully
instance – an example
institute – an organization for education or research
instruct – to teach or guide
integrate – to combine into a whole
integrity – honesty and strong moral principles
intelligence – the ability to learn and understand
intense – very strong or extreme
interact – to communicate or work with others
intermediate – in the middle level
internal – inside
interpret – to explain the meaning
interval – a period of time between events
intervene – to get involved in a situation
invest – to put in money or time for benefit
investigate – to examine carefully
invoke – to call upon or use
item – a single thing
job – work done for money
journal – a daily record or academic publication
justify – to show something is right
label – a tag or name for something
lecture – a formal talk
legal – related to law
legislate – to make laws
liberal – open to new ideas
likewise – in the same way
locate – to find
logic – clear thinking or reasoning
maintain – to keep in good condition
major – very important
manipulate – to control or influence
manual – done by hand
mature – fully developed
maximize – to increase to the greatest amount
mechanism – a system or process
mediate – to help settle a conflict
medical – related to health or medicine
medium – a way of communication or size
mental – related to the mind
method – a way of doing something
military – related to the army or defense
minimize – to reduce to the smallest amount
ministry – a government department
minor – small or less important
mode – a way or manner
modify – to change slightly
monitor – to observe or check
motive – reason for doing something
mutual – shared between two or more
network – a system of connections
neutral – not taking sides
nevertheless – in spite of that
nonetheless – still or anyway
normal – usual or standard
notwithstanding – despite
nuclear – related to atomic energy
objective – a goal or aim
obvious – clear or easy to see
occupy – to take up space or time
occur – to happen
odd – strange or unusual
offset – to balance or counter
ongoing – continuing
option – a choice
orient – to adjust or position
output – the result or product
overall – in general
overlap – to cover part of something else
panel – a group of people for discussion or decision
paradigm – a model or example
paragraph – a group of related sentences
parameter – a limit or boundary
partner – someone you work or share with
passive – not active or responsive
perceive – to become aware of
percent – a part of 100
period – a length of time
persist – to continue firmly
perspective – a point of view
phase – a stage in a process
phenomenon – a noticeable event or fact
philosophy – the study of ideas about life
physical – related to the body or matter
plus – in addition
policy – a set of rules
portion – a part or share
pose – to present or raise
positive – good or hopeful
potential – possible or capable
practitioner – a person actively involved in a profession
precise – exact or accurate
predict – to say what will happen
preliminary – coming before the main event
presume – to suppose something without proof
previous – earlier or before
primary – main or first
prime – best or most important
principal – most important or leader of a school
principle – a rule or belief
prior – earlier or previous
priority – something more important
proceed – to go forward
process – a series of steps
professional – relating to a job
profile – a short description
project – a planned activity
promote – to help grow or succeed
proportion – a part of a whole
prospect – the possibility of something
protocol – rules for procedures
psychology – the study of the mind
publication – a printed or digital release
publish – to make public
purchase – to buy
pursue – to follow or try to get
qualitative – relating to quality
quote – to repeat words exactly
radical – extreme or far-reaching
random – without order or plan
range – the scope or extent
ratio – a relationship between numbers
rational – reasonable or logical
recover – to get back or heal
regime – a system of rule
region – a large area
register – to record officially
regulate – to control or maintain
reinforce – to strengthen
reject – to refuse or say no
relax – to become less tense
release – to let go
relevant – related to the topic
reliance – dependence
reluctant – unwilling or hesitant
remove – to take away
require – to need or demand
research – a detailed study
reside – to live in a place
resolve – to solve a problem
resource – something useful
respond – to reply or react
restore – to bring back
restrict – to limit
retain – to keep
reveal – to show
revenue – income from business
reverse – to go backward
revolution – a big change or uprising
role – a function or part played
route – a path or way
schedule – a plan of times
scenario – a possible situation
scope – the range or extent
section – a part of something
sector – a part of the economy or area
secure – to get or make safe
seek – to look for
select – to choose
sequence – an order of events
series – a number of related things
sex – male or female
shift – to move or change
significant – important
similar – alike
site – a location
so-called – commonly named (often ironically)
somewhat – to some degree
specific – clearly defined
sphere – a round object or area
stable – steady or unchanging
statistic – a number representing data
status – position or condition
straightforward – easy to understand
strategy – a plan of action
stress – pressure or importance
structure – the way parts are arranged
style – a way of doing something
submit – to hand in or give
subordinate – lower in rank
subsequent – coming after
substitute – a replacement
successor – the one who follows
sufficient – enough
sum – total amount
summary – a short version
supplement – something added
survey – to ask questions or measure
symbol – something that represents something else
tape – adhesive strip or recording
target – an aim or goal
task – a piece of work
technical – involving specific knowledge
technology – scientific tools or methods
temporary – lasting for a short time
terminate – to end
text – written words
theme – the main idea
theory – an explanation based on facts
thereby – because of that
topic – a subject
trace – a small sign or to follow
tradition – a custom or belief
transfer – to move something
transform – to change completely
transmit – to send
transport – to carry something
trigger – to cause something to start
ultimate – final or best
underlie – to be the cause or basis of
undertake – to begin or take on
uniform – the same
unique – one of a kind
utilize – to use
valid – legally or logically correct
vehicle – a means of transport
version – a particular form of something
via – by way of; through
violate – to break a rule or law
virtual – almost or nearly as described, but not physically
visible – able to be seen
vision – the ability to see or imagine
visual – related to seeing
volume – the amount of space or sound
voluntary – done by choice
welfare – well-being or financial support
whereas – while on the contrary
whereby – by which; through which
widespread – happening in many places or to many people