RADAR Assignment 1
1. What do you mean by false alarm and Blind speed?
2. What is a duplexer? Explain the operation of a radar duplexer with the help of a circuit
diagram. What is the main limitation of the duplexer?
3. What are the ways that solid state devices can be employed in radar?
4. A 1 kW, 3 GHz radar uses single antenna with a gain of 30 dB. The receiver has noise
bandwidth of 1 kHz and noise factor 5 dB. A target of echoing area 10 m² at a range
of 10 nautical miles is to be detected. Calculate the minimum S/N.
5. An antenna has a noise temperature of 35 K and is matched into a receiver which has
a noise temperature of 100 K. Calculate the noise power density and the noise power
for a bandwidth of 36 MHz.
6. An S-band radar antenna transmits pulses at a PRF of 300 Hz with a pulse width of
10 μs. Determine the minimum distance between the two closely spaced targets that
can be identified by the radar.
7. A missile Radar operating at 10GHz, has a maximum range of 50Km with an antenna
gain of 4000. If the transmitter has a power of 250KW and minimum detectable signal
of
10-11w. Determine the cross section of the target the radar can sight.
8. A certain Radar has PRF of 1250 pulses per second. What is the maximum unambiguous
range?
9. A ground based air surveillance radar operates at a frequency of 1.3 GHz( L Band). Its
maximum range is 200 Km for the detection of a target with a RCS of 1 m2. Its antenna
is a horn of 12 m wide by 4 m high; its gain is 17 dB. The receiver sensitivity - 100 dBm.
The minimum detection range is required to be 300 m. Determine the following
a) Peak transmitter power.
b) PRF to achieve a maximum range of 200 Km
c) Average transmitter power.
d) Range resolution
e) Azimuthal beamwidth
10. A Pulse Radar transmits a peak power of 1 Mega Watt. It has a PRT equal to 1000 micro
sec and the transmitted pulse width is 1 micro sec. Calculate (i) Maximum unambiguous
range (ii) Average Power (iii)Duty Cycle (iv) Energy transmitted & (v)Bandwidth
11. The Bandwidth of I.F. Amplifier in a Radar Receiver is 1 MHZ. If the Threshold to noise
ratio is 12.8 dB determine the False Alarm Time.
Ans: The relationship between average false-alarm time TFA, probability of a false
alarm PFA and the IF bandwidth B is given by Pfa = 1/ Tfa . B
Substituting B = 1 MHz i.e. 106 and Tfa=15 mnts. I.e. 900 secs.
We get PFA=1.11 X 10—9
12. The probability density of the envelope of the noise voltage output is given by the
Rayleigh probability- density function
where R is the amplitude of the envelope of the filter output for R ≥ 0. If Pfa needed is
≤ 10-5. Determine the Threshold Level. What is the ratio of threshold voltage to the rms
value of the noise voltage necessary to achieve this false-alarm time?
13. Typical parameters for a ground-based search radar are:
1. Pulse repetition frequency :300 Hz,
2. Beam width : 1.50, and
3. Antenna scan rate: 5 rpm (300/s).
Find out the number of pulses returned from a point target on each scan
14. What is the duty cycle of a radar with a pulse width of 4 μs and a pulse repetition time
of 8 ms?
15. A radar is required to have a maximum range of 300 km. What is the maximum
allowable pulse repetition frequency (PRF) for unambiguous reception?
16. Calculate the maximum range of a radar which operates at a frequency of 10 GHz with
a peak pulse power of 600 kW. If the antenna effective area is 5 m² and the target area
(radar cross-section) is 20 m², and the minimum receivable power is 10⁻¹³ W, determine
the maximum radar range.