📊 Cambridge Lower Secondary Stage 9

Statistical Investigations: Bias Practice Worksheet (Advanced)

1. Leading Question Trap

A mobile phone company asks customers:

“Would you agree that our new phone, with its amazing battery life and stylish design, is the best
on the market?”

a) Identify two reasons why this question is biased.

b) Rewrite the question to make it neutral.

2. Sampling Contexts

A politician wants to know if people support her new education policy. She only interviews
parents during a school meeting.

a) Explain how this sample could lead to misleading results.

b) Suggest TWO ways she could improve her sampling method.

3. Missing Response Options

A survey about favourite holiday destinations gives these choices:

 Europe
 Asia
 America

a) What is biased about this question?

b) Suggest a complete set of options or a better way to ask.

4. Non-response Bias

A school emails a survey about bullying to all students, but only a small number reply.

a) Why could this lead to biased results?

b) Suggest two strategies to reduce this bias.

5. Question Wording

A company asks employees:

“How much do you dislike the current staff canteen food?”

a) Explain why this wording introduces bias.

b) Rewrite the question fairly.

6. Timing of Data Collection

A city council wants to know how busy the train station is. They only collect data between 10
a.m. and 11 a.m.

a) Why might this give biased information?

b) Suggest a better data collection plan.

7. Hidden Assumptions

A survey asks:
“How often do you go to the gym each week?”

a) What assumption makes this biased?

b) Rewrite the question so it does not assume gym membership.

8. Self-Selection Bias

A website asks visitors to vote online about which ice cream flavour is best.

a) Why are the results unlikely to represent everyone’s opinion?

b) Suggest a more reliable method of gathering opinions.

9. Real-World Investigation

Imagine you are asked to design a survey to find out how much time students in your school
spend on social media each day.

a) Write ONE example of a biased question you might accidentally create.

b) Rewrite it to be fair.

c) Suggest TWO ways you could avoid bias in sampling.

10. Critical Thinking Challenge

Below are TWO survey results from different sources about the same topic:

 Source A: 85% of people said they are “very satisfied” with local bus services. (Survey
done on a bus during the morning commute.)
 Source B: 42% of people said they are “satisfied” with local bus services. (Survey done
online across the whole city.)

a) Explain why the two results are so different.

b) Which result do you think is more reliable? Give a reason.

📘 Cambridge Lower Secondary – Stage 9

Data Collection & Sampling Practice Worksheet (Set B)

1. School Canteen

The school canteen wants to know which lunch option is most popular.

a) Write a suitable question for a questionnaire.

b) Explain why it is important that students are given more than one option to choose from.

2. Music Preferences

A teacher asks only the choir members which type of music teenagers like best.

a) Explain why this sample is biased.

b) Suggest a better way to collect data.

3. Sports Day

The school wants to know which events students want included in Sports Day.

a) Write one biased question.

b) Explain why it is biased.

c) Rewrite it so that it is fair.

4. Bus Timings

A transport company wants to know how many people use the morning buses.

a) Why would it not be practical to ask every passenger every day?

b) Suggest how they could collect a sample fairly.

5. Daily Screen Time

A class wants to find out how many hours students spend on phones or computers each day.

a) Write a closed question for a survey.

b) Write an open question for the same survey.

6. Random Sampling

There are 300 books in a library. Describe how you could take a random sample of 30 books.

7. Population vs Sample

a) What is meant by a population in statistics?

b) What is meant by a sample?

8. Sample Size

Why might a very large sample be difficult to collect?

9. Methods of Data Collection

List two ways of collecting data other than questionnaires.

1.
2.

10. Weather Survey

A class records the weather each day for a week.

a) Is this primary or secondary data?

b) Explain your answer.

Cambridge Lower Secondary Stage 9 – Maths
Data Collection & Sampling Practice Worksheet

Name: ___________________ Date: ___________

1. Travel to School

A school wants to find out how students travel to school.

a) Write one suitable question for a questionnaire.

b) Explain why it is important that the question is not biased.

2. Testing Light Bulbs

A factory produces thousands of light bulbs each day.

a) Why would the manager take a sample instead of testing all the light bulbs?

b) Suggest one disadvantage of only testing a sample.

3. Supermarket Survey

A supermarket asks customers to rate their service online.

a) Explain why this may not give a representative sample.

b) Suggest a better method of collecting data.

4. Measuring Heights

A teacher wants to find the average height of students in the school.

a) Name the population in this study.

b) Give one method to select a random sample.

5. Library Usage

A town council asks 20 people chosen at random about library usage.

a) Is this a census or a sample?

b) Give one advantage and one disadvantage of this method.

Advantage: ______________________________________________________________
Disadvantage: ___________________________________________________________

6. New Drink Preference

A company asks only employees to see if they like a new drink flavour.
a) Explain why this is not a fair sample.

b) Suggest a better sampling method.

7. Biased Question

A survey asks: “Don’t you agree that the school canteen food is excellent?”
a) Explain why this question is biased.

b) Rewrite the question in a fair way.

8. Apple Weights

A farmer wants the average weight of apples.

a) Why should he use a random sample instead of picking the largest apples?

b) He weighs 50 apples. Is this a sample or a census?

9. Proportional Sampling

A school has 600 students: 360 girls and 240 boys. A sample of 60 students is taken.
a) How many boys should be in the sample? ________
b) How many girls should be in the sample? ________

10. Website Visitors

A company records the time of every 10th visitor to find out how long people spend on its
website.
a) Explain one advantage of systematic sampling.

b) Suggest one problem that could occur.

Cambridge Lower Secondary Stage 9 – Maths
Statistical Investigations: Bias Practice Worksheet

Name: ___________________ Date: ___________

1. Survey Question

A school wants to ask students if they like the new sports facilities.
a) Write a biased question the school might ask.

b) Explain why this question is biased.

c) Rewrite the question in a fair, unbiased way.

2. Sampling Method

A company wants to know if people like a new drink flavour. They only ask employees in the
office.
a) Explain why this sample may be biased.

b) Suggest a better way to collect data to avoid bias.

3. Data Collection

A supermarket records only the opinions of customers who leave online reviews about its
service.
a) Explain why this may not give a representative sample.
b) Suggest a method that could produce less biased results.

4. Leading Questions

A survey asks: “Don’t you agree that the canteen food is excellent?”
a) Explain why this is a leading question.

b) Write a fair version of this question.

5. Biased Sampling

A school wants to find the favourite subject of students. They ask only students in the science lab
during lunch break.
a) Explain why this sampling is biased.

b) Suggest a better sampling method.

6. Newspaper Survey

A newspaper conducts a survey asking its readers whether they support a new law.
a) Explain why this could give a biased result.

b) Suggest a way to reduce bias in the survey.

7. Reporting Results

A sports club publishes results showing 90% of their members are satisfied, but they only asked
people who regularly attend.
a) Why is this biased?

b) Suggest a method to get a more accurate result.

8. Multiple Choice Bias

Which of the following is biased? Explain why.

a) “Do you like chocolate ice cream?” Yes / No
b) “Don’t you agree chocolate ice cream is the best?” Yes / No
Answer: _______________________________________________________________
Cambridge Lower Secondary Stage 9 – Maths
Shapes & Measurements: Circumference & Area of a Circle

Name: ___________________ Date: ___________

1. Circle Basics

A circle has a radius of 7 cm.

a) Write down the formula for the circumference of a circle.

b) Write down the formula for the area of a circle.

2. Circumference

Find the circumference of a circle with a radius of 5 cm.

Use π=3.14\pi = 3.14.

3. Area

Find the area of a circle with a diameter of 12 cm.

Use π=3.14\pi = 3.14.

4. Word Problem – Garden

A circular garden has a diameter of 10 m.

a) Find the circumference of the garden path (the distance around the garden).

b) Find the area of the garden.

5. Radius from Circumference

The circumference of a circular swimming pool is 31.4 m. Find its radius.

Use π=3.14\pi = 3.14.

6. Diameter from Area

A circular pizza has an area of 78.5 cm². Find its diameter.

Use π=3.14\pi = 3.14.

7. Real-Life Application – Wheel

A bicycle wheel has a diameter of 70 cm.

a) Find the circumference of the wheel.

b) If the bicycle moves one full turn of the wheel, how far does it travel?

8. Comparing Circles

Circle A has a radius of 6 cm, Circle B has a radius of 9 cm.

a) Find the area of each circle.
Circle A: ______________________
Circle B: ______________________
b) How many times larger is Circle B than Circle A?
Cambridge Lower Secondary Stage 9 – Maths
Shapes & Measurements: Areas of Compound Shapes

Name: ___________________ Date: ___________

1. Rectangle and Semicircle

A rectangle has a length of 12 cm and width of 8 cm. A semicircle with diameter 8 cm is

attached to one of the shorter sides.
a) Find the area of the rectangle.

b) Find the area of the semicircle. (Use π=3.14\pi = 3.14)

c) Find the total area of the shape.

2. L-Shaped Figure

An L-shaped figure is made by joining two rectangles.

 Rectangle A: 10 cm × 6 cm
 Rectangle B: 4 cm × 6 cm, attached along the side of Rectangle A.
a) Draw the L-shaped figure to scale.

b) Find the total area of the L-shaped figure.

3. Trapezium and Rectangle

A compound shape is made of a rectangle 12 cm × 5 cm and a trapezium on top. The trapezium

has parallel sides 12 cm and 8 cm and height 4 cm.
a) Find the area of the rectangle.
b) Find the area of the trapezium.

c) Find the total area of the compound shape.

4. Circle and Rectangle

A rectangle 15 cm × 6 cm has a circle of radius 3 cm cut out from its interior.

a) Find the area of the rectangle.

b) Find the area of the circle. (Use π=3.14\pi = 3.14)

c) Find the area of the remaining shape.

5. Composite Shape with Triangle and Rectangle

A triangle with base 8 cm and height 6 cm is attached to a rectangle of length 8 cm and width 4
cm.
a) Find the area of the triangle.

b) Find the area of the rectangle.

c) Find the total area of the shape.

6. Hexagon Made of Triangles

A regular hexagon can be divided into 6 equilateral triangles, each with side 4 cm. (Area of
equilateral triangle: 34s2\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} s^2)
a) Find the area of one triangle.

b) Find the area of the hexagon.

7. Compound Shape with Two Rectangles

A figure consists of two rectangles:

 Rectangle A: 14 cm × 5 cm
 Rectangle B: 8 cm × 5 cm, placed next to Rectangle A forming a larger rectangle.
a) Find the total area of the compound shape.

Cambridge Lower Secondary Stage 9 – Maths

Shapes & Measurements – Large and Small Units

Name: ___________________ Date: ___________

1. Converting Units

a) Convert 5 km to metres.
Answer: ___________________ m

b) Convert 3500 m to kilometres.

Answer: ___________________ km

c) Convert 2500 g to kilograms.

Answer: ___________________ kg

d) Convert 3.5 kg to grams.

Answer: ___________________ g
2. Perimeter of Shapes

A rectangle has a length of 12 m and width of 7 m.

a) Calculate the perimeter.
Answer: ___________________ m

b) A square has a side of 15 cm. Find its perimeter.

Answer: ___________________ cm

3. Area of Shapes

a) Find the area of a rectangle with length 8 m and width 5 m.

Answer: ___________________ m²

b) A triangle has a base of 10 cm and height 6 cm. Calculate its area.

Answer: ___________________ cm²

c) A square has a side of 12 m. Find its area.

Answer: ___________________ m²

4. Volume of Cubes and Cuboids

a) A cuboid has dimensions 5 m × 3 m × 2 m. Find its volume.

Answer: ___________________ m³

b) A cube has side 4 cm. Find its volume.

Answer: ___________________ cm³

5. Converting Small Units

a) Convert 4500 mm to metres.

Answer: ___________________ m

b) Convert 3.2 m to centimetres.

Answer: ___________________ cm

c) Convert 125 cm² to m².

Answer: ___________________ m²
d) Convert 0.75 m³ to litres. (1 m³ = 1000 litres)
Answer: ___________________ L

6. Word Problem – Mixed Units

A swimming pool is 25 m long, 10 m wide, and 2 m deep.

a) Calculate its volume in m³.
Answer: ___________________ m³

b) Convert the volume to litres.

Answer: ___________________ L

c) If a tile covers 0.25 m², how many tiles are needed to cover the bottom of the pool?
Answer: ___________________ tiles

7. Perimeter and Area Challenge

A garden is shaped like a rectangle 20 m × 15 m. Inside the garden, there is a circular pond with
radius 5 m.
a) Calculate the area of the garden without the pond.
Answer: ___________________ m²

b) Calculate the perimeter of the garden.

Answer: ___________________ m
Class 8 Mathematics – Sample Questions

Chapter: Shapes & Measurements

Topic: Circumference & Area of a Circle (Advanced)

Instructions: Solve the following questions. Show all necessary steps. Write your answers in the
space provided. Use π=227\pi = \frac{22}{7} or 3.143.14 as required.

1. Circumference Problems

(a) The circumference of a circle is 44 cm. Find its radius and area.

Answer:
Radius, r=r = _______ cm
Area, A=A = _______ cm²

(b) A circular park has a diameter of 154 m. A path is constructed along its boundary. Find the
length of the path.

Answer:
Length of path == _______ m

(c) A wheel makes 500 complete revolutions in moving 1 km. Find the diameter of the wheel.

Answer:
Diameter == _______ m

2. Area Problems

(a) A circular flower garden has a radius of 7 m. A circular path of width 2 m surrounds it. Find
the area of the path.

Answer:
Area of path == _______ m²

(b) The area of a circular sheet is 154 cm². Find its circumference.
Answer:
Circumference == _______ cm

(c) A circular plate has a radius of 14 cm. A circular paper of radius 10 cm is pasted at the center
of the plate. Find the area of the exposed part of the plate.

Answer:
Exposed area == _______ cm²

3. Combined Application

(a) A circular swimming pool has a diameter of 21 m. A concrete border 2 m wide is laid around
the pool. Find:
i) The area of the pool
ii) The area of the concrete border

Answer:
i) Area of pool == _______ m²
ii) Area of concrete border == _______ m²

(b) A circular wheel rolls along a straight path for 1 km. If the diameter of the wheel is 70 cm,
how many revolutions does it make?

Answer:
Number of revolutions == _______

(c) A circular field of radius 50 m is to be fenced. A wire is used to make 3 rounds along the
boundary. Find the total length of the wire required.

Answer:
Total length of wire == _______ m

4. Challenge Question
A circular garden has a circumference of 220 m. A rectangular flower bed of length 20 m and
breadth 10 m is to be placed inside it. Find the remaining area of the garden.
Answer:
Remaining area == _______ m²

Class 8 Mathematics: Shapes & Measurements

Chapter: Areas of Compound Shapes – Advanced Level

Instructions: Solve the following questions. Show all steps. Use π=3.14\pi = 3.14 wherever
needed. Write your answers in the space provided.

Q1.

A rectangular garden measures 40 m by 25 m. Inside it, there is a semicircular flower bed of

diameter 14 m along one of the shorter sides. Find the area of the garden that is not occupied by
the flower bed.

Answer:

Q2.

A swimming pool is in the shape of a rectangle measuring 20 m by 10 m, with a semicircular

extension at one of the shorter sides. Find the total area of the pool.

Answer:

Q3.

A trapezium has parallel sides 16 cm and 10 cm, and height 8 cm. On top of it is a semicircle
whose diameter is equal to the smaller side of the trapezium. Find the total area of the shape.

Answer:
Q4.

A compound shape is made of a square of side 12 cm and an equilateral triangle of side 12 cm

attached on top of the square. Find the total area of the shape.

Answer:

Q5.

A field is in the shape of a rectangle 50 m by 30 m. A circular pond of radius 7 m is inside it.

Find the area of the field excluding the pond.

Answer:

Q6.

A playground is in the shape of a rectangle 60 m by 40 m with a semicircular end of diameter 40

m. Find the total area of the playground.

Answer:

Q7. (Challenge)

A compound figure consists of a rectangle of length 20 cm and width 12 cm. On top of it is an

isosceles triangle with a base 12 cm and height 8 cm. A semicircle of diameter 12 cm is drawn
inside the triangle. Find the area of the compound figure excluding the semicircle.
Answer:

Class 8 Mathematics – Shapes & Measurements (Large and

Small Units)
Name: _______________________ Date: ___________
Marks: ______ / 20

Instructions:

 Attempt all questions.

 Use appropriate units in your answers.
 Show all workings.

Section A: Conversion & Estimation (5 marks)

1. Convert the following:

a) 5.75 km to meters.
Answer: ___________________

b) 3.48 m³ to liters.
Answer: ___________________

c) 12,500 g to kilograms.
Answer: ___________________

d) 0.072 km² to m².

Answer: ___________________

e) 7 hours 45 minutes into seconds.

Answer: ___________________

Section B: Surface Area & Volume (7 marks)

 2. A cylindrical water tank has a radius of 2.5 m and a height of 6 m. Find:
a) The volume of the tank.
Answer: ___________________

b) The curved surface area of the tank.

Answer: ___________________

3. A cuboidal box has dimensions 1.2 m × 0.8 m × 0.5 m. Find its:

a) Volume in cubic meters.
Answer: ___________________

b) Total surface area in m².

Answer: ___________________

4. A spherical balloon has a radius of 21 cm. Find its:

a) Volume
Answer: ___________________

b) Surface area
Answer: ___________________

Section C: Word Problems & Application (8 marks)

5. A rectangular swimming pool is 25 m long, 10 m wide, and 2 m deep.

a) Find the volume of water needed to fill the pool (in m³).
Answer: ___________________

b) Find the area of tiles required to cover the four sides and bottom of the pool.
Answer: ___________________

6. The height of a cone is 12 cm and the radius of its base is 5 cm. Calculate:
a) Volume of the cone
Answer: ___________________

b) Curved surface area of the cone (use r2+h2\sqrt{r^2+h^2} for slant height)
Answer: ___________________

7. A cylindrical pillar has a radius of 0.7 m and height of 3 m. It is made of concrete.

a) Find the volume of concrete needed.
Answer: ___________________

b) If 1 m³ of concrete weighs 2400 kg, find the weight of concrete used.

Answer: ___________________
🔹 1. Constructing and Solving Equations
Question 1

The sum of three consecutive even numbers is 84.

Form an equation and find the numbers.

Question 2

A rectangle’s length is 3 cm longer than its width.

If its perimeter is 50 cm, form and solve an equation to find the length and width.

Question 3

Twice a number added to 5 gives the same result as subtracting 7 from three times the number.
Form and solve the equation.

Question 4

A taxi company charges a base fare of $4.50 plus $1.25 per kilometer.
A passenger pays $23.75 for a trip.
Form an equation and find the distance travelled.

Question 5

A metal rod is cut into two pieces.

The longer piece is twice as long as the shorter piece, and the total length is 1.8 m.
Form and solve an equation to find both lengths.

Question 6

A number is increased by 25%, then decreased by 20%, resulting in 60.

Form an equation and find the original number.

🔹 2. Simultaneous Equations
Question 7

Solve the following simultaneous equations:

[
3x + 2y = 19
]
[
2x - y = 4
]

Question 8

A school trip collects $84 from students.

Each junior pays $3 and each senior pays $6.
If 18 students went on the trip, form simultaneous equations and find the number of juniors and
seniors.

Question 9

The sum of two numbers is 15, and their difference is 3.

Form and solve simultaneous equations to find both numbers.

Question 10

A line passes through points (A(2, 5)) and (B(-1, -4)).

Find the equation of the line in the form (y = mx + c)
and then solve for (x) when (y = 2).

Question 11

A chemist mixes two acid solutions:

 Solution A is 20% acid

 Solution B is 50% acid
He needs 100 mL of a 32% acid mixture.
Form and solve simultaneous equations to find how much of each solution is needed.

Question 12

The sum of the ages of a father and son is 54.

In 6 years, the father will be three times as old as his son.
Form and solve simultaneous equations to find their current ages.
Question 1 — Solving multi-step inequalities

Solve the inequality and represent the solution on a number line:

3(2x - 5) < 4x + 7

Question 2 — Variable on both sides with fractions

Solve:

(2x – 3) / 5 > = (x + 1) / 2

Give your answer as an inequality in x, simplified.

Question 3 — Negative coefficient

Solve the inequality carefully:

-4(3x - 2) > 8

(Hint: remember what happens when you divide by a negative number!)

Question 4 — Compound (double) inequality

Solve and state the solution set:

2 < 5x - 3 \le 12
Question 5 — Word problem: number condition

A number is three more than twice another number, and it must be at most 15.
Form an inequality and find the range of possible values of the smaller number.

Question 6 — Inequality with brackets and decimals

Solve:

0.5(4x - 6) + 1.2 \le 3x - 2.8

Question 7 — Inequality from geometry

The perimeter of a rectangle is less than 50 cm.

Its length is 3x cm and width is 2x + 1 cm.
Form an inequality in x and find all possible integer values for x.

Question 8 — Inequality with both sides containing parentheses

Solve:

7(2x - 1) > = 3(3x + 4)

Then express the solution set on a number line.

Question 9 — Real-world application

The area of a triangle is given by

A = ½ bh

If the base (b = 5x - 3) cm and height (h = 2x + 1) cm,

and the area must be at least 30 cm², form and solve an inequality in (x).
Question 10 — Absolute value challenge

Solve:

|2x - 5| < 7

and write the solution set in interval notation.

Sure! Here are sample questions for Cambridge Lower Secondary Stage 9 Mathematics –
Probability, covering the four key areas you listed.

1. Mutually Exclusive Events

Mutually exclusive events cannot happen at the same time.

Example Questions:

1. A die is rolled once. What is the probability of getting an even number or an odd
number?
2. When drawing a card from a deck, what is the probability of getting a king or a queen?
3. The spinner below has 4 equal sections labeled A, B, C, and D. What is the probability of
landing on A or B?

2. Independent Events

Independent events: the outcome of one does not affect the other.

Example Questions:

1. A coin is tossed and a die is rolled.

Find the probability of getting a head and a 5.
2. The probability of rain on Monday is 0.4, and on Tuesday is 0.5.
What is the probability it rains on both days?
3. A spinner has equal sections numbered 1 to 5. It is spun twice.
Find the probability of getting a 3 on the first spin and a 4 on the second spin.

3. Combined Events

Combined events: using “and” or “or” to find probabilities of more than one event.

Example Questions:

1. A bag has 3 red, 2 blue, and 5 green balls.

Find the probability of drawing:
a) a red or blue ball,
b) a red and green ball (without replacement).
2. You roll two dice. Find the probability that the sum is 7 or 11.
3. In a class, 12 students play football, 8 play basketball, and 4 play both.
Find the probability that a student chosen at random plays football or basketball.

4. Chance Experiments
Chance experiments are activities with uncertain outcomes, like tossing coins or drawing
cards.

Example Questions:

1. You toss a coin 3 times. List the possible outcomes of this experiment.
2. A bag has 2 red and 3 blue counters. One counter is drawn and replaced. The experiment
is repeated 4 times.
How many times would you expect a red counter?
3. Design your own chance experiment using a die and describe all possible outcomes.

Here are advanced-level sample questions on Probability (Cambridge Lower Secondary

Stage 9) covering:

 Mutually Exclusive Events

 Independent Events
 Combined Events
 Chance Experiments

These go beyond basic definitions and require clear reasoning, probability laws, and sometimes
multi-step calculations.

🧮 1. Mutually Exclusive Events

Events that cannot happen at the same time.

Q1.
A fair six-sided die is rolled once. Let:

 Event A: “You get a multiple of 3”

 Event B: “You get an even number.”
Are events A and B mutually exclusive?
Find ( P(A \cup B) ).

Q2.
A bag contains 5 red, 3 blue, and 2 yellow marbles. One marble is drawn at random.
Event A: “A red marble is drawn.”
Event B: “A yellow marble is drawn.”
Are A and B mutually exclusive?
If a second marble is drawn without replacement, what is the probability that both are red or
yellow?
🎲 2. Independent Events

Events that do not affect each other.

Q3.
A coin is tossed and a die is rolled.

 Event A: “Coin shows heads.”

 Event B: “Die shows a number greater than 4.”
Show that A and B are independent, and calculate ( P(A \cap B) ).

Q4.
A bag contains 4 green and 6 white balls.
A ball is drawn, its color is noted, and then it is replaced before the next draw.
Find the probability of:
a) getting two green balls in succession.
b) getting one green and one white in any order.

Q5 (Challenge).
Two different coins are tossed simultaneously three times.
Find the probability that exactly two of the three trials result in both coins showing heads.

⚖️3. Combined Events

Involving unions (A ∪ B), intersections (A ∩ B), or complements.

Q6.
A survey found that 60% of students like football, 45% like basketball, and 25% like both.
If one student is selected at random:
a) Find the probability that the student likes at least one of the two sports.
b) Find the probability that the student likes exactly one of them.

Q7.
In a class, 30% of students play piano, 40% play violin, and 15% play both.
A student is selected at random.
Find:
a) ( P(\text{plays piano or violin}) )
b) ( P(\text{plays neither}) )
c) If the student plays piano, what is the probability they also play violin?
🧠 4. Chance Experiments

Experiments with outcomes and sample spaces.

Q8.
A spinner is divided into 4 equal sections labeled A, B, C, and D.
It is spun twice.
List all possible outcomes in the sample space.
Find the probability that:
a) both spins land on the same letter
b) exactly one spin lands on A

Q9.
A box contains 2 red, 2 blue, and 1 green ball.
Two balls are drawn at random without replacement.
Draw a tree diagram to represent all possible outcomes.
Find the probability that:
a) both balls are of the same color
b) the second ball is blue

Q10 (Advanced)
Three coins are tossed simultaneously.
Let:

 Event A: “Exactly two heads appear.”

 Event B: “The first coin shows tails.”
Are A and B independent? Justify your answer using probability values.