ROMBLON STATE UNIVERSITY B.
Illegal assembly
College of Criminal Justice Education C. Sedition
SY 2026–2027 D. Direct assault
CRIMINAL LAW BOOK 2 4. Founders of associations
Prepared by: Atty. Feric Baguiwen, LPT organized for committing crimes
MODULE 2 are liable for:
TITLE 3: CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC A. Illegal assemblies
ORDER B. Illegal associations
Chapter 2 – Crimes Against Popular C. Sedition
Representation D. Conspiracy
(Articles 143 – 160, Revised Penal Code) 5. Direct assault may be committed
when an offender attacks:
MODULE OBJECTIVES A. A private person
At the end of this module, the students B. A person in authority or his
should be able to: agent
1. Identify the crimes under Crimes C. A judge only
Against Popular Representation. D. A witness
2. Explain the verbatim codal 6. When a person attacks someone
provisions of Articles 143–160 of aiding a person in authority, the
the Revised Penal Code. crime is:
3. Determine the elements of each A. Direct assault
offense. B. Sedition
4. Distinguish crimes such as direct C. Indirect assault
assault, indirect assault, D. Resistance
resistance, evasion of service of 7. Refusing to obey a summons
sentence, and delivery of issued by Congress constitutes:
prisoners from jail. A. Disobedience to summons
5. Apply legal provisions to practical B. Resistance to authority
criminal law situations. C. Sedition
D. Illegal assembly
PRE-TEST 8. A person who seriously disobeys a
Instruction: Choose the correct answer. police officer performing official
1. Preventing the meeting of duty commits:
Congress through force or fraud A. Direct assault
constitutes: B. Resistance and disobedience
A. Illegal assembly C. Sedition
B. Acts tending to prevent the D. Tumult
meeting of Congress 9. Removing a prisoner from jail
C. Sedition through violence is called:
D. Direct assault A. Delivery of prisoners from jail
2. A person who interrupts a session B. Evasion of service of sentence
of Congress commits: C. Escape
A. Sedition D. Sedition
B. Disturbance of proceedings 10. A convict who escapes while
C. Illegal assembly serving his sentence commits:
D. Tumultuous disturbance A. Delivery of prisoners from jail
3. Organizing a meeting where B. Evasion of service of sentence
armed persons gather to commit C. Indirect assault
crimes under the Revised Penal D. Tumult
Code constitutes:
A. Illegal association LESSON PROPER
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arrests or searches a member of
ARTICLE 143 Congress during session, except when the
Acts Tending to Prevent the Meeting of crime committed is punishable by a
Congress of the Philippines and penalty higher than prision mayor.
Similar Bodies
The penalty of prisión correccional or a ARTICLE 146
fine ranging from Forty thousand Illegal Assemblies
pesos (₱40,000) to Four hundred The penalty of prision correccional in its
thousand pesos (₱400,000), or both, maximum period to prision mayor in its
shall be imposed upon any person who, medium period shall be imposed upon
by force or fraud, prevents the meeting of organizers or leaders of meetings
Congress or of any of its committees or attended by armed persons for committing
subcommittees, Constitutional crimes or where the audience is incited to
Commissions or committees or divisions commit treason, rebellion, insurrection,
thereof, or of any provincial board or city sedition, or assault upon persons in
or municipal council or board. authority.
(As amended by R.A. 10951) Persons merely present shall suffer
arresto mayor, unless armed, in which
Elements case the penalty is prision correccional.
1. There is a projected or actual (Reinstated by E.O. 187)
meeting of Congress or similar
bodies. ARTICLE 147
2. The offender prevents such Illegal Associations
meeting. The penalty of prisión correccional in its
3. Prevention is done by force or minimum and medium periods and a
fraud. fine not exceeding ₱200,000 shall be
imposed upon founders, directors, and
ARTICLE 144 presidents of associations organized for
Disturbance of Proceedings committing crimes or purposes contrary to
Codal Provision (Verbatim)The penalty public morals.
of arresto mayor or a fine from Forty Mere members suffer arresto mayor.
thousand pesos (₱40,000) to Two (As amended by R.A. 10951)
hundred thousand pesos (₱200,000)
shall be imposed upon any person who ARTICLE 148
disturbs the meetings of Congress or Direct Assault
behaves in such a manner as to interrupt Two Ways of Committing Direct Assault
its proceedings or impair the respect due 1. Without public uprising,
it. employing force or intimidation to
(As amended by R.A. 10951) attain purposes of rebellion or
sedition.
ARTICLE 145 2. Attacking, using force, or
Violation of Parliamentary Immunity seriously intimidating a person
The penalty of prision mayor shall be in authority or his agent while
imposed upon any person who shall use performing official duties.
force, intimidation, threats, or fraud to
prevent any member of Congress from Person in Authority
attending meetings or from expressing A person directly vested with jurisdiction
opinions or casting votes. such as:
Mayor
The penalty of prision correccional shall Public or private school teachers
be imposed upon any public officer who Provincial prosecutors
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Councilors Resistance and Disobedience to a
Barangay captains Person in Authority
Penalty: arresto mayor and a fine not
Agent of a Person in Authority exceeding ₱100,000.
Persons charged with maintaining public If disobedience is not serious:
order such as: arresto menor or a fine from ₱2,000 to
Police officers ₱20,000.
Municipal treasurers (As amended by R.A. 10951)
Sheriffs
BIR agents ARTICLE 152
Persons in Authority and Agents of
Penalty Persons in Authority
The penalty of prisión correccional in its A person in authority is anyone directly
medium and maximum periods and a vested with jurisdiction.
fine not exceeding ₱200,000 when the Examples:
assault is committed with a weapon, when Barangay captain
the offender is a public officer, or when he Government officials
lays hands upon a person in authority. Teachers and professors
Lawyers performing professional
Otherwise, prisión correccional in its duties
minimum period and a fine not An agent of a person in authority
exceeding ₱100,000. includes:
(As amended by R.A. 10951) Barangay officials
Police officers
ARTICLE 149 Persons aiding authorities
Indirect Assault (As amended by PD 299 and BP 873)
Elements
1. Direct assault is committed. ARTICLE 153
2. A person comes to the aid of the Tumults and Other Disturbances of
authority or agent. Public Order
3. Offender uses force or intimidation Penalty: arresto mayor in its medium
against such person. period to prisión correccional in its
minimum period and a fine not
Penalty: prisión correccional in its exceeding ₱200,000.
minimum and medium periods and a A disturbance is tumultuous when
fine not exceeding ₱100,000. caused by more than three armed
(As amended by R.A. 10951) persons.
ARTICLE 150 ARTICLE 154
Disobedience to Summons Issued by Unlawful Use of Means of Publication
Congress and Unlawful Utterances
The penalty of arresto mayor or a fine Punishable acts include:
ranging from ₱40,000 to ₱200,000, or 1. Publishing false news endangering
both, shall be imposed upon any person public order.
who refuses, without legal excuse, to obey 2. Encouraging disobedience to law.
a summons issued by Congress or 3. Publishing official documents
Constitutional Commissions. without authority.
(As amended by R.A. 10951) 4. Publishing anonymous printed
materials.
ARTICLE 151 Penalty: arresto mayor and fine from
₱40,000 to ₱200,000.
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ARTICLE 155 ARTICLE 160
Alarms and Scandals Commission of Another Crime During
Penalty: arresto menor or fine not Service of Penalty
exceeding ₱40,000. A person who commits a felony while
Acts include: serving sentence shall be punished with
Causing alarm through fireworks the maximum period of the penalty for
Participating in charivari the new crime.
Wandering at night disturbing
peace POST-TEST
Causing disturbance while 1. Preventing the meeting of
intoxicated Congress through force
NOTE: Discharging a firearm or constitutes:
anything that may function as a A. Disturbance of proceedings
firearm is not punishable under B. Acts tending to prevent meeting
Article 155. of Congress
C. Illegal assembly
ARTICLE 156 D. Sedition
Delivery of Prisoners from Jails 2. Meetings attended by armed
Elements persons to commit crimes
1. A person is confined in jail. constitute:
2. Offender removes or helps him A. Illegal associations
escape. B. Illegal assemblies
3. Escape is through violence, C. Sedition
intimidation, bribery, or other D. Tumults
means. 3. Founders of criminal associations
Penalty: arresto mayor maximum to commit:
prision correccional minimum. A. Illegal assembly
B. Illegal association
ARTICLE 157 C. Sedition
Evasion of Service of Sentence D. Conspiracy
Penalty: prision correccional in its 4. Attacking a mayor while
medium and maximum periods for performing official duties is:
escaping while serving sentence by final A. Direct assault
judgment. B. Indirect assault
C. Resistance
ARTICLE 158 D. Sedition
Evasion of Service of Sentence During 5. Attacking a citizen helping a police
Calamities officer constitutes:
A convict escaping during calamities must A. Sedition
surrender within 48 hours after B. Indirect assault
proclamation by the President. C. Direct assault
Failure results in additional penalty of D. Tumult
one-fifth of remaining sentence. 6. Refusing a congressional
summons without legal excuse
ARTICLE 159 constitutes:
Other Cases of Evasion of Service of A. Disobedience to summons
Sentence B. Resistance
Penalty: prision correccional in its C. Illegal assembly
minimum period for violation of D. Sedition
conditions of conditional pardon.
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7. Removing a prisoner from jail
through violence is:
A. Escape
B. Delivery of prisoners from jail
C. Evasion of sentence
D. Sedition
8. Escaping while serving sentence
by final judgment is:
A. Evasion of service of sentence
B. Delivery of prisoners
C. Resistance
D. Assault
9. Publishing false news endangering
public order constitutes:
A. Alarms and scandals
B. Unlawful publication
C. Sedition
D. Libel
10. Committing another crime while
serving sentence results in:
A. Suspension of penalty
B. Maximum penalty for the new
crime
C. Lesser penalty
D. Fine only
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