Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion
Module 4: Understanding Ways to Collect Data
LESSON 1: RESEARCH DESIGN
Vocabulary List
Research Design - describes whether your study is qualitative or quantitative.
Qualitative Research - makes use of first person/textual/discursive in nature.
Quantitative Research - makes use of third person - past tense/researcher is not the one who determines the
variables, but it is the subject itself.
Research Design
The research design states to the whole approach that you decide on to add the different components of the
study coherently and logically, thereby, ensuring you will effectively address the research problem; it constitutes the
blueprint for the collection, measurement, and analysis of data. Note that your research problem determines the type
of design you should use.
4.
Characteristics
of the specific
type of design
to use
Preparing
3. Choose
specific type of for 1. Decide
design Research which design
Design
2. Description
of chosen
design
a. Qualitative Research: A systematic subjective approach used to describe life experiences and give them
meaning. To gain insight; explore the depth, richness, and complexity inherent in the phenomenon.
Ethnography - you immerse yourself in the target participants’ environment to understand the goals, cultures,
challenges, motivations, and themes that emerge.
Narrative - weaves together a sequence of events, usually from just one or two individuals to form a cohesive
story.
Phenomenological - is an appropriate qualitative method when you want to describe an event, activity, or
phenomenon.
Case Study - a way of explaining an organization, entity, company, or event which involves a deep
understanding through multiple types of data sources.
b. Quantitative Research: An objective, systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena through
the use of computational techniques. It highlights numerical analysis of data hoping that the numbers yield
unbiased results that can be generalized to some larger population and explain a particular observation.
Survey Research - uses interviews, questionnaires, and sampling polls to get a sense of behavior with intense
precision.
Correlational Research - tests for the relationships between two variables.
Causal-comparative - research looks to uncover a cause-and-effect relationship. This research is not
conducted between the two groups on each other.
Experimental Research - is guided specifically by a hypothesis. To come up with the chosen design whether
quantitative or qualitative research, think of which best suits the given title or topic to explore the collective
ideas and picture out to reveal better understanding.
LESSON 2: POPULATION AND SAMPLING PROCEDURE
Vocabulary List
Population -refers to a total number of people who serve as subjects or respondents of the study.
Sampling Procedure -method in identifying part of the respondents of the study.
Statistics -a branch of mathematics that deals with the analysis and interpretation of numerical data in terms of
samples and populations.
Population
Persons who have been invited to participate in a particular study and have taken part in the study.
Sampling Procedure
Sampling Methods:
a. Random Sampling is a technique that uses randomization to make sure that every element of the
population gets an equal chance to be part of the selected sample.
b. Stratified Sampling is a technique that divides the elements of the population into small subgroups (strata)
based on the similarity in such a way that the elements within the group are homogeneous and heterogeneous among
the other subgroups formed.
c. Convenience Sampling where the samples are selected based on availability.
d. Purposive Sampling is based on the intention or the purpose of the study.
e. Quota Sampling, this type of sampling depends on some pre-set standard. It selects the representative
sample from the population.
f. Referral/Snowball Sampling is used in situations where the population is completely unknown and rare.