IGCSE Examiner Report - Candidate: Ryan Studio Prime

Question 1
(a) Define acceleration. [1]

change in velocity per unit time ✓ 1/1

(b) The mass of the ball is 0.0075 kg. Calculate the resultant force acting on the ball
when it is accelerating downwards at 2.8 m/s2 . [2]
F = ma✓
F = 0.021
resultant force = 0.021 N ✓ 2/2

(c)(i) Describe what happens to the acceleration between t = 0 and t = 0.040 s. Explain
why this happens. [4]
As the ball falls velocity increase due to free fall acceleration gravity ✓, but as velocity
increases air resistance increases ✓. This would decrease acceleration ✓until reaching
terminal velocity when force acting downward on the ball is equal to force acting upward
against the ball so resulting force is zero ✓, so velocity remaining constant. 4/4

(c)(ii) By drawing a tangent on Fig. 1.2, determine a value for the acceleration of the
ball at t = 0.010 s. [3]
0.036−0
0.01
= 3.6
acceleration = 3.6 m/s2 1/3 Missed Points / Corrections:

ˆ The gradient of the tangent drawn at t = 0.010 s should be between 1.2 m/s2 and
1.8 m/s2 .
ˆ The student appears to have calculated the gradient of a secant from the origin
rather than a tangent at the specific point.

Question 2
(a)(i) Calculate the speed at which trolley P moves to the left. [3]
mv = mv✓
2.7 · x = 1.2 · 0.36✓
x = 0.16
speed of P = 0.16 m/s✓ 3/3

(a)(ii) Calculate the kinetic energy of trolley Q when it moves at 0.36 m/s. [3]
1
2
mv 2 ✓
1
2
· 1.2 · 0.362 = 0.07776✓
kinetic energy of Q = 0.078 J✓ 3/3
IGCSE Examiner Report - Candidate: Ryan Studio Prime

(b) State the energy transfer that takes place as the spring expands. [2]

elastic potential energy ✓transfer to kinetic energy ✓ 2/2

Question 3
(a) State one way in which the motion of the particles in ice differs from the motion of
the particles in water. [1]
motion of particle in ice vibrates at a fix position while motion of the particles in water
slides over one another ✓ 1/1

(b)(i) State the name of the thermal process that transfers energy from the water to the
ice. [1]

Conduction ✓ 1/1

(b)(ii) Calculate the energy transferred from this water as its temperature decreases
from 28 ◦ C to 10 ◦ C. [2]
c = kg·E◦ C ✓
E
4200 = 0.34·18
E = 25704 J
energy transferred = 26000 J✓ 2/2

(b)(iii) Explain how convection causes the temperature of all the water in the beaker to
decrease. [3]
The density of the water near the ice would increase ✓as more particles occupy a given
area as their kinetic energy decrease due to temperature decrease, thus they would sink to
the bottom of the beaker ✓. Warmer water on the bottom would rise ✓as their density is
lower, thus being cooled by the ice. 3/3

(b)(iv) State what happens to the internal energy of the water. Describe the change in
terms of the energy of the particles. [2]
As temperature decrease kinetic energy of particles will decrease ✓. Thus particles would
be closer together thus internal energy would decrease ✓. 2/2

Question 4
(a)(i) State what is meant by ’focal point’. [2]

Where the light ray from the image meets the principle axis. 0/2 Missed Points /

Corrections:
IGCSE Examiner Report - Candidate: Ryan Studio Prime

ˆ Focal point is the point on the principal axis where rays of light initially parallel
to the principal axis meet/converge after passing through the lens.

(a)(ii) On Fig 4.1, mark point X and point E. [1]

(Candidate marked X between F1 and lens, and E on the opposite side of the lens) ✓
1/1

(a)(iii) Underline two words that describe the image produced. [1]

(Candidate circled) upright, virtual ✓ 1/1

(b)(i) Calculate the speed of light in the glass (n = 1.5). [2]

3.0×108
1.5 = x
✓
8
x = 2 × 10
speed in glass = 2 × 108 m/s✓ 2/2

(b)(ii) State what happens to the wavelength of light as it passes into the lens. [1]

Decreases ✓ 1/1

(c) State the name of the problem and explain how a converging lens is used to correct
it. [3]
name of problem: Long sighted ✓
(Diagram shows convergence to retina)
When light enters the cornea light ray is refracted by the light ray meets ’behind’ the
retina. Converging lens would refracts the lens make so that the light ray can meet on the
retina ✓✓. 3/3

Question 5
(a) Describe how a longitudinal wave differs from a transverse wave. [2]
Longitudinal wave direction of wave parallel to propagation of wave ✓but transverse wave
direction of wave perpendicular to propagation of wave ✓ 2/2

(b)(i) State whether this seismic wave is a P-wave or an S-wave. Justify your choice. [1]

Seismic P wave ✓the diagram has region of compression and rarefaction 1/1

(b)(ii) Calculate the actual distance between point J and point K (λ = 1.2 × 104 m). [2]
1.2 × 104 + 21 × 1.2 × 104 = 1.8 × 104 ✓
IGCSE Examiner Report - Candidate: Ryan Studio Prime

distance = 1.8 × 104 1/2 Missed Points / Corrections:

ˆ Missing units in final answer (1.8 × 104 m).

(b)(iii) Calculate the time that it takes for the wave to pass (5 oscillations, v = 4600 m/s).
[3]
V = f λ✓
V
λ
=f
4600
12000
=f
5
f = time ✓
time = 13.04
time = 13 s✓ 3/3

Question 6
(a)(i) State what is meant by ’electric field’. [1]

a non-contact force exerted by a charged object on another charged object. 0/1

Missed Points / Corrections:

ˆ An electric field is a region in which an electric charge experiences a force.

(a)(ii) Draw at least four field lines for the negatively charged sphere. [3]
(Candidate drew radial lines ✓touching the sphere ✓, but arrowheads point away from
the sphere.) 2/3 Missed Points / Corrections:

ˆ Arrowheads must point towards the sphere for a negative charge.

(b)(i) State what happens in the wire as the sphere is discharged. [2]
the charge in the sphere travelled through the earthed metal with as its resistance is low
and conduct electricity to the ground ✓. 1/2 Missed Points / Corrections:

ˆ Must specify that electrons move (through the wire) to the Earth.

(b)(ii) Calculate the average current in the earthed wire (Q = 3.5×10−10 C, t = 0.14 ns).
[3]
3.5×10−10
1.4×10−10
✓✓ = 2.4
average current = 2.4 A 2/3 Missed Points / Corrections:

3.5×10−10
ˆ Arithmetic error: 1.4×10−10
= 2.5 A.
IGCSE Examiner Report - Candidate: Ryan Studio Prime

Question 7
(a) Define the term electromotive force. [2]

The energy required to make a charged particle around a closed circuit ✓. 1/2
Missed Points / Corrections:

ˆ e.m.f. is the work done (or energy) moving a unit charge around a complete circuit.

(b)(i) Draw a circuit diagram (7.5 V total from 1.5 V cells, variable resistor, 30 Ω
resistor). [3]
(Candidate drew 5 cells in series ✓, variable resistor ✓, and fixed resistor ✓in series.)
3/3

(b)(ii) Draw a graph to show how current varies with resistance (0 Ω to 150 Ω variable).
[4]
(Candidate drew a curve with negative gradient ✓, but labelled the y-intercept as 7.5.)
1/4 Missed Points / Corrections:

ˆ The maximum current (y-intercept) should be I = V

R
= 7.5
30
= 0.25 A. The student
used the voltage value (7.5) as the current.
ˆ The curve should be a reciprocal-style curve that does not reach the x-axis.

Question 8
(a)(i) Complete the equation for this decay. [3]
208
81 T l →208 0
82 P b✓✓ +−1 β✓ 3/3

(a)(ii) Explain why this γ-emission does not affect the numbers in the equation. [1]

as gamma radiation is an electromagnetic wave ✓ 1/1

(a)(iii) Suggest one reason why a nucleus of thallium-208 is unstable. [1]

As there is an irregular amount of neutron in the nucleus ✓. So there is extra energy
that needs to be released 1/1

(b) Draw a line labelled β and a line labelled γ to indicate the paths. [3]

(Candidate drew β path curving UP and γ path straight ✓horizontal ✓.) 2/3
Missed Points / Corrections:
IGCSE Examiner Report - Candidate: Ryan Studio Prime

ˆ According to Fleming’s Left Hand Rule (Field into page, current to the left for
negative β-particles moving right), the β path must curve towards the bottom of
the page.

Question 9
(a) State the three regions of the electromagnetic spectrum in which the Sun emits the
most energy. [2]

1. ultraviolet ✓, 2. visible light ✓, 3. infra red ✓ 2/2

(b) Calculate the distance from the Sun to the Earth (3.0 × 108 m/s, 500 s). [2]
3.0 × 108 × 500 = 1.5 × 1011 ✓
distance = 1.5 × 1011 m✓ 2/2

(c)(i) Describe and explain what happens as an interstellar cloud of gas forms a protostar.
[2]
gas particle clump together due to gravitational attraction between gases ✓. When they
clump together their density increase and gravitational potential energy is converted to
thermal energy ✓which turns into a hot dense body of gas. 2/2

(c)(ii) Describe and explain what happens as a protostar becomes a stable star. [3]
nuclear fusion of hydrogen nuclei to form helium ✓under high temperature ✓exerts an
outward force that is equal to the force of gravitational attraction ✓. 3/3
IGCSE Examiner Report - Candidate: Ryan Studio Prime

Summary Table
Question Marks Achieved Total Marks
1 8 10
2 8 8
3 9 9
4 8 10
5 7 8
6 5 9
7 5 9
8 7 8
9 9 9
Total 66 80