Python Data Analytics & Machine Learning Lab Record
Program 1: SciPy Mathematical Operations
Aim
To calculate factorial, square root, and exponential using SciPy.
Algorithm
Import [Link] and numpy libraries.
Input a number.
Calculate factorial using [Link].
Calculate square root and exponential using numpy.
Display results.
Stop.
Program
from scipy import special
import numpy as np
n=5
fact = [Link](n)
sqrt_val = [Link](n)
exp_val = [Link](n)
print("Factorial:", fact)
print("Square Root:", sqrt_val)
print("Exponential:", exp_val)
Output
Factorial: 120.0
Square Root: 2.236
Exponential: 148.41
Result
Thus, mathematical operations using SciPy were performed successfully.
Program 2: Find Minimum of a Function
Aim
To find the minimum value of a simple function using SciPy optimization.
Algorithm
Import [Link].
Define a mathematical function.
Apply minimize function.
Display minimum value and point.
Stop.
Program
from [Link] import minimize
def func(x):
return x**2 + 4*x + 4
result = minimize(func, 0)
print("Minimum Value:", [Link])
print("At x =", result.x)
Output
Minimum Value: 0.0
At x = [-2.]
Result
Thus, the minimum value of the function was found successfully.
Program 3: Linear Regression
Aim
To perform linear regression on sample data.
Algorithm
Import LinearRegression from sklearn.
Create sample input and output data.
Train regression model.
Predict output.
Display prediction.
Stop.
Program
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
import numpy as np
X = [Link]([[1], [2], [3], [4]])
y = [Link]([2, 4, 6, 8])
model = LinearRegression()
[Link](X, y)
prediction = [Link]([[5]])
print("Prediction for 5:", prediction)
Output
Prediction for 5: [10.]
Result
Thus, linear regression was implemented successfully.
Program 4: K-Nearest Neighbors Classification
Aim
To classify points using K-Nearest Neighbors algorithm.
Algorithm
Import KNeighborsClassifier.
Create sample dataset.
Train KNN model.
Predict class for new data.
Display result.
Stop.
Program
from [Link] import KNeighborsClassifier
import numpy as np
X = [Link]([[1,1],[2,2],[3,3],[6,6],[7,7]])
y = [Link]([0,0,0,1,1])
model = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=3)
[Link](X,y)
prediction = [Link]([[5,5]])
print("Class:", prediction)
Output
Class: [1]
Result
Thus, classification using KNN was performed successfully.
Program 5: K-Means Clustering
Aim
To perform K-Means clustering on 2D data.
Algorithm
Import KMeans from sklearn.
Create 2D dataset.
Apply KMeans clustering.
Display cluster labels.
Stop.
Program
from [Link] import KMeans
import numpy as np
X = [Link]([[1,2],[1,4],[1,0],[10,2],[10,4],[10,0]])
kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=2, random_state=0).fit(X)
print("Cluster Labels:", kmeans.labels_)
Output
Cluster Labels: [0 0 0 1 1 1]
Result
Thus, K-Means clustering was implemented successfully.
Program 6: Moving Average Forecasting
Aim
To forecast values using simple moving average.
Algorithm
Import pandas.
Create time-series data.
Apply rolling mean.
Display forecast values.
Stop.
Program
import pandas as pd
data = [10,12,14,16,18,20]
series = [Link](data)
forecast = [Link](window=3).mean()
print(forecast)
Output
0 NaN
1 NaN
2 12.0
3 14.0
4 16.0
5 18.0
Result
Thus, moving average forecasting was performed successfully.
Program 7: Assignment – E-Governance Dataset Analysis
Aim
To analyze E-Governance dataset using regression, clustering, and visualization.
Algorithm
Load dataset using pandas.
Explore dataset using head() and info().
Clean missing values.
Apply linear regression for prediction.
Perform clustering using KMeans.
Visualize results using plots.
Stop.
Program
import pandas as pd
import [Link] as plt
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
from [Link] import KMeans
df = pd.read_csv("[Link]")
print([Link]())
[Link](0, inplace=True)
X = df[['Year']]
y = df['Services_Used']
model = LinearRegression()
[Link](X,y)
kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=3)
df['Cluster'] = kmeans.fit_predict(df[['Services_Used']])
[Link](x='Year', y='Services_Used')
[Link]()
Output
Dataset loaded, cleaned, regression applied,
clusters created and visualization displayed.
Result
Thus, E-Governance dataset analysis was completed successfully.