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Simple থেকে Complex Sentence এ Transformation:

Simple, Complex, এবং Compound sentence - transformation এর নিয়মগুক ো বুঝোর জকিে clause
এবং phrase সম্পকেে ধোরণো েোেো গুরুত্বপূণ।ে
Clause এবং phrase এর মকধে প্রধোি পোেেে ে হকে - এেটি clause এ এেটি verb েোকে আর এেটি
phrase এ থেোি verb েোকে িো. phrase এ participle, gerund, infinitive, ইত্েোনি েোেক ও থেোি verb
েোকে িো. simple sentence এ সোধোরণত্ এেটি clause এবং এেটি phrase েোকে।
নেন্তু complex এবং compound sentence এর থেকে সোধোরণত্ িুইটি clause েোকে অেেোৎ ে িুইটি
verb েোকে। থসকেকে simple sentence এ শুধুমোে এেটি verb েোকে।
Complex - If you study well, you will pass. (Two clauses, two verbs)
Simple – By studying hard, you will pass. (One phrase, one clause, and one verb. এখোকি study থে
present participle বোনিকয় থিয়ো হকয়কে যোকত্ প্রেম clause িো থেকে এেিো phrase বোিোকিো যোয়,
েোরণ simple sentence এ এেিো clause ত্েো এেিোই verb েোেকত্ পোরকব।)
Complex sentences have some particular connectors which connect the two clauses. The
connectors for complex sentences are: -
Before, after, till, until, when, where, which, who, whom, why, what, that, since, as, because, if,
unless, as if, as though, although, even though, as soon as, so that, on condition that, and
provided that.
Note: Complex to simple এবং simple to complex েরোর জকিে complex sentence এর connectors

গুন র functions সম্পকেে নবস্তোনরত্ ধোরণো েোেো প্রকয়োজি।

Simple sentence থে complex sentence এ পনরবত্েকির জকিে simple sentence এর এেিো clause
থে থেকে অেবো িত্ু ি শব্দ থযোগ েকর িুইিো clause তত্নর েরকত্ হকব। থসই িুইটি clause থে থযোগ
েরকত্ হকব উপকরোক্ত connectors গুক ো বেবহোর েকর। এর জকিে নিনিে ষ্ট নিয়মগুক োর বোইকরও
অকিেেোকব simple sentence থে complex sentence এ রূপোন্তর েরো যোয় এবং সবগুক ো নিয়কমরই
বেনত্ক্রম নিয়ম আকে।
নিকনোক্ত নিয়মগুক ো সব থেকেই বেবহোর েরো যোকব :
Rule 1:
If there is an extra phrase in the simple sentence, expand that phrase to make a clause. Then
choose a suitable connectors to connect the clauses.
Phrase টিকে clause এ রূপোন্তর েরোর জকিে এেটি verb আিকত্ হকব এবং যনি subject িো েোকে
ত্োহক এেিো subject ও আিকত্ হকব।
Example:
Simple: Seeing the teacher, the student stopped making noise.
এই sentence টিকত্ phrase হকে ‘Seeing the teacher’। এই phrase এ seeing থে সহকজই verb
বোিোকিো যোয়। আর থযকহত্ু এই sentence এর subject এেিোই থসকহত্ু আমরো এেই subject বেবহোর
েরকবো।
So, the two clauses we can get from this sentence are:
*The students saw the teacher ---- *The students stopped making noise.
Transformation এ tense পনরবনত্েত্ হয় িো। ত্োই আমরো seeing থে saw বোনিকয়নে। িুটি clause এ
subject থযকহত্ু এেই, ত্োই এেটিকত্ pronoun বেবহোর েরকত্ হকব। ত্োরপর উপযুক্ত এেটি
connector বোেোই েরকত্ হকব। এ ধরকির sentence এর থেকে একের অনধে connector ও েোেকত্
পোকর এবং সব গুক োই সটিে।
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The complex sentence could be:

As the student saw the teacher, they stopped making noise.
Since the student saw the teacher, they stopped making noise.
The students stopped making noises when they saw the teacher.
যনি clause এবং phrase এর subject নেন্ন নেন্ন হয়, ত্োহক িুই clause এর জকিে িুই subject েোেকব।
Example:
Simple: Alex could not go to school due to his mother’s illness.
Complex: Alex could not go to school because his mother was ill.
Or, Alex could not go to school since his mother was ill.
Rule 2:
If there is no extra phrase in the simple sentence, you have to find a word which you can expand
into a clause. The word can be an adjective, noun, or adverb.
Example:
Simple: He pleaded for his innocence.
Complex: He pleaded that he was innocence.
এখোকি আমরো innocence শব্দটিকে নসক ক্ট েকর এেটি verb একি আকরেটি clause তত্নর েকরনে।
innocence এেটি noun, ত্োই এই clause টি এেটি noun clause .
More Examples of noun clauses in complex sentences:
Simple: Murphy knows Mr. Rashid.
Complex: Murphy knows who Mr. Rashid is.
Simple: I prayed for your job.
Complex: I prayed so that you could get the job. (Connector – ‘so that’ requires the modal –
‘can/could’ in the following clause.)
(Note: Complex েরোর থেকে extra এেটি verb আিো যোকব।)
Simple: He admitted his guilt.
Complex: He admitted that he was guilty.
For words that are adjectives, you have to make an adjective clause.
Example:
Simple: He was an outstanding actor.
Complex: He was an actor who was outstanding.
এখোকি outstanding শব্দটি এেটি adjective এবং এই শব্দ থে থেন্দ্র েকরই এেিো clause তত্নর েরো
হকয়কে।
More Examples of adjective clauses in complex sentences:
Simple: I lost the most beautiful pen yesterday.
Complex: I lost the pen which was most beautiful.
Simple: He was a remarkable man.
Complex: He was a man who was remarkable.
Simple: I want an extensive encyclopedia.
Complex: I want an encyclopedia which is extensive.
For words that are adverbs, you have to make an adverb clause.
Example:
Simple: He is too weak to carry this heavy bag.
Complex: He is so weak that he cannot carry that heavy bag.
Simple: He is working relentlessly to finish the work.
Complex: He is relentlessly working so that he can finish the work.
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Simple: He was born in the year of liberation war.

Complex: He was born when it was the year of liberation war.
Rule 3:
নেেু নেেু phrase থে clause এ রূপোন্তর েকর complex sentence তত্নর েরোর জকিে নেেু নিনিে ষ্ট নিয়ম
রকয়কে। থসগুক ো হ –
Because of = clause + because/as/since + clause.
Example:
Simple: I could not do it because of my illness.
Complex: I could not do it because I was ill.
Or, I could not do it as I was ill.
Or, I could not do it since I was ill.
At the time of (indcation of time)= when + clause + clause / clause + When + clause.
Example:
Simple: At the time of my birth, my father was abroad.
Complex: When I was born, my father was abroad.
In spite of/ despite = though/although + clause + clause.
Example:
Simple: In spite of being a good student, he could not do well on the exam.
Complex: Although he is a good student, he could not do well on the exam.
Simple: Despite being sick, Robin went to school.
Complex: Though Robin was sick, he went to school.
Without + v1(ing) = if + clause + clause. / clause + unless + clause.
Example:
Simple: Without playing well, we cannot win this match.
Complex: If we do not play well, we cannot win this match.
Or, We cannot win this match unless we play well.
Simple: Without being there myself, I cannot do it.
Complex: If I am not there myself, I cannot do it.
Or, I cannot do it unless I’m there myself.
Too . . (an adjective) . . too = clause + so . .(the adjective). . that + clause.
Example:
Simple: He is too weak to continue walking.
Complex: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Simple: They are too strong to lose.
Complex: They are so strong that they cannot lose.
Note: (Connector – ‘so that’ requires the modal – ‘can/could’ in the following clause.)
Simple থেকে Compound Sentence এ Transformation:
এেটি simple sentence এ এেটি মোে independent clause েোকে এবং থেোকিো dependent clause
েোকে িো ।
A simple sentence is characterized by only one independent clause and no dependent clause.
Such as: Listening to music is my hobby.
পেোন্তকর এেটি compound sentence এ েমপকে িুটি independent clause েোকে যোরো পৃেে
sentence নহকসকব বেবহৃত্ হকত্ পোকর এবং coordinating conjunction নিকয় যুক্ত েোকে ।
On the other hand, a compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses
which can be used as separate sentences and are connected with a coordinating conjunction.
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Such as: Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies.

Simple sentence থে compound sentence এ রূপোন্তনরত্ েরোর নিয়ম িীকে বনণত্ে হক ো ।

The rules for transforming simple sentence to compound sentence are discussed below.
Rule 1:
যনি simple sentence এ থবোঝোকিো হয় থয থেউ িুকিো েোজ েরকে, এেটি আকগ ও আকরেটি পকর
ত্কব Compound sentence এ প্রেম েোজটিকে নিত্ীয় েোকজর আকগ উকেখ েকর ত্োকিরকে
“and” conjunction নিকয় যুক্ত েরকত্ হকব। Sentence এ নিত্ীয় েোকজর tense বেবহোর েরো হকব।
If the simple sentence is stating that a person is doing two things one after another, the compound
sentence will mention the first thing before the second thing and join them with a conjunction-
“and” and the tense will be same as of doing the second thing.
Example:
Simple: Coming home she had lunch.
Compound: She came home and had lunch.
Simple: Going to the office I will write the article.
Compound: I will go to the office and will write the article.
Simple: Going to the varsity she will do the class.
Compound: She will go to the varsity and will do the class.
Rule 2:
Simple sentence এ “besides being” েোেক compound sentence এ “not only..….but also” structure
বেবহোর েরো হকব।
If the simple sentence has “besides being,” the compound sentence will use “not only..….but also.”
Simple: Besides being beautiful the girl is intelligent.
Compound: The girl is not only beautiful but also intelligent.
Simple: Besides being a brilliant student she is a good singer.
Compound: She is not only a brilliant student but also a good singer.
Simple: Besides being a good writer he is an outstanding lecturer.
Compound: He is not only a good writer but also an outstanding lecturer.
Rule 3:
যনি simple sentence এ “in spite of” েোকে ত্কব compound sentence এ conjunction “but” নিকয় নেন্ন
clause িুকিো যুক্ত েরকত্ হকব।
If the simple sentence has “in spite of,” the compound sentence will use the conjunction “but”
joining the two different clauses.
Simple: In spite of his poverty the postman never shirks his duty.
Compound: The postman is poor, but he never shirks his duty.
Simple: In spite of his illness he sat for the exam.
Compound: He was ill, but he sat for the exam.
Rule 4:
যনি simple sentence এ ব ো হয় থয এেজি person থে থেোিনেেু অজেি েরকত্ must নেেু েরকত্
হকব ত্কব compound sentence এই structure follow েরকব, ”person must do….or/otherwise the
person will not…..”
If the simple sentence tells that a person must do something to achieve a certain thing, the
compound sentence will follow this structure, ”person must do….or/otherwise the person will
not…..”
Simple: You must study hard to get good marks in the exam.
Compound: You must study hard or/otherwise, you will not get good marks in the exam.
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Simple: He must run fast to win the race.
Compound: He must run fast or/otherwise, he will not win the race.

Rule 5:
যনি simple sentence এ ব ো হয় থয এেজি person থে must নেেু েরকত্ হকব থেোিনেেু
escape/avoid েরকত্ ত্কব compound sentence এই structure follow েরকব ”person must
do….or/otherwise person will + verb’s simple form…..” or , ”person must do…...or/otherwise
person will be + verb’s past participle form
If the simple sentence dictates that a person must do something to escape/avoid a certain thing,
the compound sentence will follow one of the following structures:
”person must do….or/otherwise the person will + verb’s simple form…..”
”person must do…...or/otherwise the person will be + verb’s past participle form.”
Simple: You must study hard to escape failure in the exam.
Compound: You must study hard or/otherwise you will fail the exam.
Simple: He must run fast to avoid losing in the race.
Compound: He must run fast or/otherwise, he will lose the race.
Simple: The culprit must run away to avoid his arrest.
Compound: The culprit must run away or/otherwise, he will be arrested.
Rule 6:
যনি simple sentence এ এেজি person এর থেোি েোজ েরোর েোরণ ব ো হয়, ত্কব compound
sentence এ প্রেকম েোরণ উকেখ েকর result বো ফ োফ কে conjunction “and” নিকয় যুক্ত েরো হয়।
If the simple sentence states any cause of a person’s doing something, the compound sentence
will first state the cause, then join the result or outcome with a conjunction “and.”
Simple: Being guilty he ran away.
Compound: He was guilty, and he ran away.
Simple: Being so happy he started to dance.
Compound: He was very happy, and he started to dance.
Rule 7:
যনি simple sentence এ “for” েোকে এবং এর আকগ থেোি েোজ েরোর ফ োফ েোকে ও পকর েোরণ
েোকে ত্কব compound sentence এ “so”/”therefore” েোেকব এবংএর আকগ েোরণ ও পকর েোজ
েরোর ফ োফ েোেকব।
If the simple sentence has “for” having the result before it and cause after it, the compound
sentence will contain the conjunction “so”/”therefore” having the cause before it and the result
after it.
Simple: The boss praised him for his hard work.
Compound: He worked hard, so the boss praised him.
Compound: He worked hard, and therefore, the boss praised him.
In the above sentence, the result is “the praise of the boss, ” and the cause is “his(a person’s) hard
work.”
Simple: The singer is very popular among people for her sweet voice.
Compound: The singer’s voice is sweet, so she is very popular among people.
Compound: The singer’s voice is sweet therefore she is very popular among people.
Rule 8:
যনি simple sentence এ “to” েোকে এবং এর আকগ থেোি েোজ েরোর ফ োফ েোকে ও পকর েোরণ
েোকে ত্কব compound sentence এ conjunction “and” বেবহোর হকব ও বোনে সবনেেু এেই েোেকব।
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If the simple sentence has “to” having the result/outcome before it and the cause/reason after it,
the compound sentence will have the conjunction “and” all other things being the same.
Simple: She came here to meet me.
Compound: She came here and met me.

Simple: She studied hard to get good marks.

Compound: She studied hard and got good marks.
Rule 9:
যনি simple sentence এ “In the event of being” েোকে ত্কব compound sentence এই structure
follow েরকব, “person must not be+ adjective + or/otherwise + person will not be…….”।
If the simple sentence has “In the event of being,” the compound sentence will follow this
structure “person must not be+ adjective + or/otherwise + person will not be…….”
Simple: In the event of being late you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting.
Compound: You must not be late or/ otherwise you will not be allowed to participate in the
meeting.
Simple: In the event of being lazy you will not be allowed on the team.
Compound: You must not be lazy or/ otherwise you will not be allowed on the team.
Transformation: Complex থেকে Simple Sentence
A sentence characterized by one independent clause and at least one dependent clause is called a
Complex sentence.
এেটি Complex sentence এ এেটি independent clause এবং েমপকে এেটি dependent clause
েোকে ।
Such as, Although I was ill, I attended the meeting.
On the other hand, a sentence characterized by only one independent clause and no dependent
clause is called a Simple sentence.
পেোন্তকর এেটি Simple sentence এ এেটি মোে independent clause এবং থেোকিো dependent clause
েোকে িো।
Such as, In spite of my illness I attended the meeting.
The rules for transforming complex sentence to simple sentence are discussed below.
Complex sentence কে simple sentence এ রূপান্তরিত েিাি রিয়ম রিচে বরণত ি হচ া ।
Rule 1:
When the subject of two clauses of a complex sentence including since/as/when is same and both
clauses have the main verb, the simple sentence will follow this formula: Verb+ing of 1 st clause +
the rest of the verb + comma + subject of 1st clause + the rest.
যখি since/as/when সহ complex sentence এর িুটি clause এর subject এেই হয় এবং উেয় clause
এর main verb েোকে, ত্কব simple sentence এই formula follow েরকব: 1st clause এর Verb+ ing +
verb এর বোনে অংশ + comma + 1st clause এর subject + বোনে অংশ ।
Example:
Complex: Since I was ill, I could not attend the meeting.
Simple: Being ill, I could not attend the meeting.
Complex: As I performed very well, I got the first prize.
Simple: Performing very well, I got the first prize.
Complex: When the criminal saw the police, he ran away.
Simple: Seeing the police, the criminal ran away.
Exception:
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Complex: When the chicken curry arrived, we started having lunch.
Simple: On the arrival of the chicken curry, we started having lunch.
Rule 2:
When the subjects of two clauses of a complex sentence are different and have
am/is/are/was/were/has/have/had, the simple sentence will follow this rule: Eliminate the

since/as/when + replacing am/is/are/was/were use being or in place of has/have/had use having +

2nd clause. যখি complex sentence এর িুটি clause এর subject নেন্ন হয় এবং
am/is/are/was/were/has/have/had েোকে, ত্কব simple sentence এই নিয়ম follow েরকব:
since/as/when উটিকয় থিকব + am/is/are/was/were এর পনরবকত্ে being অেবো has/have/had এর
পনরবকত্ে having বেবহোর েরকব + ২য় clause ।
Example:
Complex: Since the weather was very bad, we did not start the journey.
Simple: The weather being very bad, we did not start the journey.
Complex: When the show was over, we came back home.
Simple: The show being over, we came back home.
Rule 3:
When the subject of the two clauses is same, and the subordinate clause has be verb (am/ is/ are/
was/ were/ have/ has/ had), the simple sentence will follow this rule: Because of in the place of
since/as + the possessive form of subject of 1st clause + being in the place of
(am/is/are/was/were) or having in the place of (has/have/had) + the rest + comma + 2nd clause.
যখি িুটি clause এর subject এেই হয় এবং subordinate clause এর be verb
(am/is/are/was/were/has/have/had) েোকে, ত্কব simple sentence এই নিয়ম follow েরকব:
since/as এর পনরবকত্ে because of+ ১ম clause এর subject এর possessive form +
(am/is/are/was/were) এর পনরবকত্ে being অেবো (has/have/had) এর পনরবকত্ে having বেবহোর েরকব
+ comma+ ২য় clause ।
Example:
Complex: Since he was ill, he could not come.
Simple: Because being ill, he could not come.
Complex: He was loved by all, as he had honesty.
Simple: He was loved by all, because of his having honesty.
Rule 4:
When a complex sentence has relative pronoun, the simple sentence will follow this rule: From the
beginning up to the relative pronoun will be written + the relative pronoun will be omitted+ the be
verb will be omitted + the main verb + ing + the rest.
যখি complex sentence এ relative pronoun েোকে, ত্খি simple sentence এই নিয়ম follow েরকব:
প্রেম থেকে relative pronoun পযন্ত ে ন খকত্ হকব + relative pronoun উকি যোকব + be verb উকি যোকব +
the main verb + ing + বোনে অংশ ।
Example:
Complex: The doctor lived in a quarter that belonged to the hospital.
Simple: The doctor lived in a quarter belonging to the hospital.
Complex: A cow that is very strong can plow this land.
Simple: A cow being very strong can plow his land.
Complex: The students who study seriously can get good marks.
Simple: The students studying seriously can get good marks.
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Rule 5:
If the complex sentence has “when” which indicates estimate while transforming it into simple,
when will be omitted + subject and verb after when will be omitted + little time at/in+ season (if
mentioned) + (if age is mentioned) at the age of+ the rest.

যনি complex sentence এ “when” েোকে যো সমকয়র পনরমোপ থবোঝোয় ত্কব একে simple েরোর সময়,
when উকি যোকব+ when এর পকরর subject ও verb উকি যোকব + থেোি সময় at/in + season (যনি
উকেখ েোকে) + age েোেক at the age of + বোনে অংশ।
Example:
Complex: When it was midnight, I was awakened by the sound of construction.
Simple: At midnight I was awakened by the sound of construction.
Complex: When it is summer, we can eat different kinds of mango.
Simple: In summer, we can eat different kinds of mango.
Complex: When he was six, he left the country.
Simple: At the age of six, he left the country.
But if the when doesn’t mean time rather it means that something is going on, then At the time of
+ Verb+ ing + the rest.
নেন্তু যনি when সময় িো বুঝঝকয় থেোি নেেু ঘিকে ত্ো থবোঝোয় ত্কব, At the time of + Verb+ ing + বোনে
অংশ, এই নিয়ম বেবহোর হকব ।
Example:
Complex: When it was raining, we were sitting in the coffee shop.
Simple: At the time of raining, we were sitting in the coffee shop.
When the personal subject is used in the subordinate clause, the simple sentence will use a
possessive pronoun.
যখি subordinate clause এ personal subject বেবহৃত্ হয়, ত্খি simple sentence, possessive
pronoun বেবহোর েকর ।
Example:
Complex: When they were studying, the teacher came.
Simple: At the time of their studying, the teacher came.
Complex: When I was having tea, she came.
Simple: At the time of my having tea, she came.
Rule 6:
To transform negative conditional complex sentence having if, into a simple form, this rule is
followed: Without+ Verb+ ing + 2nd clause.
Negative conditional complex sentence যোকত্ if েোকে, ত্ো simple েরকত্ এই নিয়ম বেবহোর েরো হয়:
Without+ Verb+ ing + ২য় clause ।
Example:
Complex: If you do not struggle in life, you cannot achieve your goal.
Simple: Without struggling in life, you cannot achieve your goal.
Complex: If you do not study hard, you will not get good marks in the exam.
Simple: Without studying hard, you will not get good marks in the exam.
If the clause is affirmative then by is used replacing without.
যনি clause টি affirmative হয়, without এর পনরবকত্ে by বেবহৃত্ হয় ।
Example:
\
Complex: If you work hard, you will get promotion quickly.
Simple: By working hard, you will get promotion quickly.
Rule 7:
If the complex sentence has “so that”, the simple sentence will follow this rule:
From beginning up to so will be written + from “so that “up to may/might/can/could will be
eliminated + to + the rest of the sentence.

যনি complex sentence এ “so that” েোকে ত্কব, simple sentence এই নিয়ম follow েরকব: শুরু থেকে
so পযন্ত
ে ন খকত্ হকব + “so that “থেকে may/might/can/could পযন্ত ে উকি যোকব + to + sentence এর
বোনে অংশ ।
Example:
Complex: The student studied hard so that he could get good marks on the exam.
Simple: The student studied hard to get good marks on the exam.
Complex: The singer is trying hard so that she can get the national award.
Simple: The singer is trying hard to get the national award.
Rule 8:
If the complex sentence has “so……that” form, the simple sentence will follow this rule: too will be
used in the place of so + the same thing will be placed up to that + from that up to not will be
eliminated + to + the rest.
যনি complex sentence এ “so……that” form েোকে ত্কব, simple sentence এই নিয়ম follow েরকব:
so এর জোয়গোয় too বসকব + that এর আকগ পযন্ত ে এেই ঝজনিস বসকব + that থেকে not পযন্ত ে অংশ
উকি যোকব + to + বোনে অংশ।
Example:
Complex: He is so sick that he cannot come.
Simple: He is too weak to come.
Rule 9:
When the complex sentence has though/although, to transform it into simple form this rule will be
followed: In spite of will be used in the place of though /although + subject’s possessive form +
being in the place of am/is/are/was/were or having in the place of has/have/had or verb+ ing + the
rest + the 2nd clause.
যখি complex sentence এ though/although েোকে, একে simple form এ নিকত্ এই নিয়ম follow
েরকত্ হয়:
Though/although এর স্থোকি In spite of বেবহোর হকব + subject এর possessive form +
am/is/are/was/were এর স্থোকি being অেবো has/have/had এর স্থোকি having অেবো verb+ ing বেবহোর
হকব + বোনে অংশ + ২য় clause ।
Example:
Complex: Though she was sick, she worked very hard.
Simple: In spite of her being sick, she worked very hard.
Complex: Although he has a lot of books, he wants to buy more.
Simple: In spite of his having a lot of books, he wants to buy more.
Transformation: Complex থেকে Compound Sentence
A complex sentence is characterized by one independent clause and at least one dependent
clause.
\
এেটি Complex sentence এ এেটি independent clause এবং েমপকে এেটি dependent clause
েোকে।
Such as, I will wait here until you come.
On the other hand, a compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses
which can be used as separate sentences and are connected with coordinating conjunctions.
পেোন্তকর এেটি compound sentence এ েমপকে িুটি independent clause েোকে যোরো পৃেে
sentence নহকসকব বেবহৃত্ হকত্ পোকর এবং coordinating conjunction নিকয় যুক্ত েোকে ।

Such as, Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies.

The rules for transforming complex sentence to compound sentence are discussed below.
Complex sentence থে compound sentence এ রূপোন্তনরত্ েরোর নিয়ম িীকে বনণত্ে হক ো ।
Rule 1:
If the complex sentence has “though”/”Although” in the beginning, the compound sentence will
use the conjunction “but”/”yet” to connect the different clauses.
Complex sentence এর শুরুকত্ “though”/”Although” েোেক , compound sentence “but”/”yet”
conjunction নিকয় পৃেে clause গুক োকে যুক্ত েকর ।
Complex: Though he is poor, he is happy.
Compound: He is poor, but he is happy.
Complex: Although she is ill, she worked very hard.
Compound: She is ill, yet she worked very hard.
Complex: Though the class was lengthy, the class was enjoyable.
Compound: The class was lengthy, but it was enjoyable.
Rule 2:
If the complex sentence has “lest” in the middle having “should” after the person, the compound
sentence will use the conjunction “or”/”otherwise” to connect the different clauses, and future
tense will be used in the second clause.
Complex sentence এর মোকঝ যনি “lest” েোকে এবং person এর পকর “should” েোকে ত্কব compound
sentence এ conjunction “or”/”otherwise” বেবহোর েকর পৃেে clause গুক োকে যুক্ত েরো হয় এবং
নিত্ীয় clause এ future tense হয় ।
Complex: Study hard lest you should fail.
Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.
Complex: Practice hard lest you should be out of the cricket team.
Compound: Practice hard otherwise you will be out of the cricket team.
Rule 3:
If the complex sentence has “As soon as” in the beginning, the compound sentence will use the
conjunction “and” to join the different clauses.
Complex sentence এর শুরুকত্ “As soon as” েোেক , compound sentence “and” conjunction নিকয়
পৃেে clause গুক োকে যুক্ত েকর ।
Complex: As soon as the rain stopped, we started the journey.
Compound: The rain stopped, and we started the journey.
Complex: As soon as the crowd saw the hero, they started shouting.
Compound: The crowd saw the hero and started shouting.
Rule 4:
\
If the complex sentence has “since”/”as”/”when” in the beginning, the compound sentence will
use “and”/”so”/”hence”/”therefore” to connect the different clauses.
Complex sentence এর শুরুকত্ “since”/”as”/”when” েোেক , compound sentence
“and”/”so”/”hence”/”therefore” নিকয় পৃেে clause গুক োকে যুক্ত েকর ।
Complex: Since the weather was bad, the match did not take place.
Compound: The weather was bad, and the match did not take place.
Complex: As she was ill, she did not come.
Compound: She was ill, so she did not come.
Complex: When it is evening, the sun has set to the west.
Compound: The sun has set to the west, and therefore it is evening.
Rule 5:
If the complex sentence has relative pronoun “who”, the compound sentence will use “and” in
that place and object of the first clause will be the subject of the second clause.
Complex sentence এ relative pronoun “who” েোেক , compound sentence থস স্থোকি “and” বেবহোর
েকর এবং প্রেম clause এর object নিত্ীয় clause এর subject হকয় যোয় ।
Complex: I saw a girl who was singing.
Compound: I saw a girl, and she was singing.
Complex: I have a friend who is a writer.
Compound: I have a friend, and she is a writer.
Rule 6:
If the complex sentence starts with “if” having first or third person after it and it bears a negative
meaning while transforming it to compound this structure will be followed, “Let+ object form of
pronoun+ affirmative form of subordinate clause+ or/otherwise+ main clause”.
Complex sentence এর শুরুকত্ “if” ও এর পকর first or third person েোেক এবং ত্ো যনি negative
অে ে প্রেোশ েকর ত্কব compound েরোর সময় এই structure follow েরো হয় “Let+ pronoun এর
object form + subordinate clause এর affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause” ।
Complex: If I do not go there I will be unable to learn it.
Compound: let me go there or/otherwise I will be unable to learn it.
Complex: if I do not study hard I will be unable to get good marks.
Compound: Let me study hard or/otherwise I will be unable to get good marks.
Rule 7:
If the complex sentence starts with “if” having first or third person after it and it is in affirmative
form while transforming it to compound this structure will be followed, “Let+ object form of
pronoun+ “and” between two clauses+ main clause”.
Complex sentence এর শুরুকত্ “if” ও এর পকর first or third person েোেক এবং ত্ো যনি affirmative
form এ েোকে ত্কব compound েরোর সময় এই structure follow েরো হয়, “Let+ pronoun এর object
form + িুই clauses এর মোকঝ “and” + main clause” ।
Complex: If I go there, I will be able to learn it.
Compound: let me go there, and I will be able to learn it.
Complex: if I study hard, I will be able to get good marks.
Compound: Let me study hard, and I will be able to get good marks.
Rule 8:
When the complex sentence starts with “if” having the second person after it and expressing a
negative meaning, the compound sentence will omit “If you do not” and use an affirmative form of
verb+ or/otherwise + the main clause.
\
Complex sentence এর শুরুকত্ “if” ও এর পকর second person েোেক এবং ত্ো যনি negative অে ে
প্রেোশ েকর ত্কব compound েরোর সময় “If you do not” উকি নগকয় verb এর affirmative form +
or/otherwise + main clause হয় ।
Complex: If you do not study hard, you will fail.
Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.
Complex: If you do not practice more, you cannot become a good singer.
Compound: Practice more, or you cannot become a good singer.

Rule 9:
When the complex sentence starts with “if” having the second person after it and it’s in affirmative
form, the compound sentence will omit “If you do not” and use an affirmative form of verb+ and +
main clause.
Complex sentence এর শুরুকত্ “if” ও এর পকর second person েোেক এবং ত্ো যনি affirmative
form এ েোকে ত্কব compound েরোর সময় “If you do not” উকি নগকয় verb এর affirmative form +
and + main clause হয় ।
Complex: If you study hard, you will get good marks.
Compound: Study hard, and you will get good marks.
Complex: If you read more, your writing capability will increase.
Compound: Read more, and your writing capability will increase.
Rule 10:
If the complex sentence has “so…that” form, the compound sentence will follow this rule, “very “
in place of “so”; ”and” in place of “that” +so/hence/therefore+ main clause.
Complex sentence যনি “so…that” form এ েোকে ত্কব compound sentence এই নিয়ম follow েরকব,
“so” এর স্থোকি “very “; “that” এর স্থোকি ”and” +so/hence/therefore + main clause ।
Complex: I am so tired that I cannot work.
Compound: I am very tired, and so/hence/therefore I cannot work.
Complex: The place is so crowded that I cannot find a place to stand.
Compound: The place is very crowded, and so/hence/therefore I cannot find a place to stand.
Rule 11:
If the complex sentence starts with “Unless” following second person(you), the compound
sentence will follow this structure, “Unless and you will be omitted + ”or” between two clauses+
main clause.”
Complex sentence এর শুরুকত্ “Unless” ও এর পকর second person (you) েোেক , compound
sentence এই structure follow েরকব, “Unless ও you উকি যোকব + িুই clause এর মোকঝ ”or” + main
clause ।
Complex: Unless you say prayers, you cannot advise anyone to say prayers.
Compound: Say prayers, or you cannot advise anyone to say prayers.
Complex: Unless you practice hard, you cannot become a good singer.
Compound: Practice hard, or you cannot become a good singer.
Compound থেকে Simple Sentence এ রূপোন্তর:
A compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses which can be used as
separate sentences and are connected with coordinating conjunctions.
\
এেটি compound sentence এ েমপকে িুটি independent clause েোকে যোরো পৃেে sentence নহকসকব
বেবহৃত্ হকত্ পোকর এবং coordinating conjunction নিকয় যুক্ত েোকে ।
Such as: Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies.
On the other hand, a simple sentence is characterized by only one independent clause and no
dependent clause.
Such as: Listening to music is my hobby.
The rules for transforming compound sentence to simple sentence are discussed below.
Compound sentence থে simple sentence এ রূপোন্তনরত্ েরোর নিয়ম িীকে বনণত্ে হক ো ।
Rule 1:
If the compound sentence is stating that a person is doing two things one after another and join
them with a conjunction-“and”; then while transforming it into simple, “ing” will be added to the
first verb; thus the first clause will be shortened and tense will be same as the second clause.

যনি compound sentence এ থবোঝোকিো হয় থয থেউ িুকিো েোজ েরকে, এেটি আকগ ও আকরেটি
পকর এবং “and” conjunction নিকয় যুক্ত েোকে, ত্কব simple sentence এ রূপান্তরিত েিাি সময়
প্রেম verb এর সোকে “ing” থযোগ েকর প্রেম clause টিকে সংনেপ্ত েরো হয় এবং নিত্ীয় clause এর
Tense বেবহৃত্ হয় ।
Compound: I went there and met her.
Simple: Going there I met her.
Compound: She will go to the office and will do the work.
Simple: Going to the office she will do the work.
Compound: She will go to the theatre and watch the play.
Simple: Going to the theatre she will watch the play.
Rule 2:
If the compound sentence has “not only..….but also”, the simple sentence will use “besides being.”
Compound sentence এ “not only..….but also” েোেক , simple sentence এ “besides being” বেবহোর
েরো হকব।
Compound: The girl is not only beautiful but also intelligent.
Simple: Besides being beautiful the girl is intelligent.
Compound: She is not only a brilliant student but also a good singer.
Simple: Besides being a brilliant student she is a good singer.
Compound: He is not only a good writer but also an outstanding lecturer.
Simple: Besides being a good writer he is an outstanding lecturer.
Rule 3:
If the compound sentence has the conjunction “but” joining the two different clauses, the simple
sentence will use “in spite of” at the beginning following my/his/her according to the person+
noun form of the adjective of the subordinate clause + main clause.
যনি compound sentence এ conjunction “but” নিকয় িুকিো নেন্ন clause যুক্ত েোকে, ত্কব simple
sentence এ শুরুকত্ “in spite of”, এর পকর person অিুযোয়ী my/his/her + subordinate clause এর
adjective এর noun form + main clause বেবহোর েরো হকব।
Compound: The book was long but interesting.
Simple: In spite of being long the book was interesting.
Compound: He was ill, but he came for rehearsal.
Simple: In spite of his illness he came for rehearsal.
Rule 4:
\
If the compound sentence has this structure, ”the person must do….or/otherwise, the person will
not…..”, the simple sentence will follow this structure, “ person must do….to + the result/outcome
of doing the work.
যনি compound sentence এই structure follow েকর, ”person must do….or/otherwise person will
not…..” , ত্কব simple sentence এই structure follow েরকব, “ person must do….to + েোজটি েরোর
ফ োফ ।
Compound: You must study hard or/otherwise, you will not get good marks in the exam.
Simple: You must study hard to get good marks in the exam.
Compound: He must run fast or/otherwise, he will not win the race.
Simple: He must run fast to win the race.

Rule 5:
If the compound sentence follows this structure, ”person must (do)….or/otherwise person will +
verb’s simple form…..” or , ”person must do…...or/otherwise person will be + verb’s past participle
form, the simple sentence will follow this structure, ”person must (do)….to escape/avoid……”.
যনি compound sentence এই structure follow েকর, ”person must (do)….or/otherwise person will +
verb এর simple form…..” or , ”person must do…...or/otherwise person will be + verb এর past
participle form, simple sentence এই structure follow েরকব, ”person must (do)….to
escape/avoid……” ।
Compound: You must practice hard or/otherwise, you will lose the game.
Simple: You must practice hard to escape losing the game.
Compound: He must work hard or/otherwise, he will be suspended.
Simple: He must work hard to avoid suspension.
Compound: The thief must run away or/otherwise, he will be beaten.
Simple: The thief must run away to avoid being beaten.
Rule 6:
If the compound sentence first states a cause behind a work, then join the result or outcome with
a conjunction “and ”, the simple sentence will follow this structure, “ Being + adjective (cause)+
main clause.
যনি compound sentence প্রেকম থেোকিো েোজ েরোর েোরণ উকেখ েকর, েোজ েরোর ফ োফ কে
conjunction “and ” নিকয় যুক্ত েকর, ত্কব simple sentence এই structure follow েরকব, “ Being +
adjective (েোরণ)+ main clause।
Compound: He was guilty, and he ran away.
Simple: Being guilty he ran away.
Compound: He was very happy, and he started to dance.
Simple: Being so happy he started to dance.
Rule 7:
If the compound sentence contains the conjunction “so”/”therefore” having the cause before it
and the result after it, the simple sentence will have “for” having the result before it and cause
after it.
যনি compound sentence এ “so”/”therefore” েোকে এবংএর আকগ েোরণ ও পকর েোজ েরোর
ফ োফ েোকে, ত্কব simple sentence এ “for” েোেকব এবং এর আকগ থেোি েোজ েরোর ফ োফ ও
পকর েোরণ েোেকব।
\
Compound: He worked hard, so the boss praised him.
Compound: He worked hard, and therefore the boss praised him.
Simple: The boss praised him for his hard work.
In the above sentence, the result is “the praising of boss”, and the cause is “his(a person’s) hard
work”.
Compound: The singer’s voice is sweet, so she is very popular among people.
Compound: The singer’s voice is sweet therefore she is very popular among people.
Simple: The singer is very popular among people for her sweet voice.
Rule 8:
If the compound sentence has the conjunction “and” having the result/outcome before it and the
cause/reason after it, the simple sentence will use “to” all other things being the same.
যনি compound sentence এ conjunction “and” বেবহোর েকর এর আকগ থেোি েোজ েরোর ফ োফ
ও পকর েোরণ েোকে, ত্কব simple sentence এ “to” বেবহোর হকব ও বোনে সবনেেু এেই েোেকব।
Compound: She came here and met me.
Simple: She came here to meet me.
Simple: She studied hard to get good marks.
Compound: She studied hard and got good marks.
Rule 9:
If the compound sentence follows this structure, “person must not be+ adjective + or/otherwise +
person will not be…….”, the simple sentence will use “In the event of being” in the beginning +
adjective+ main clause.
যনি compound sentence এই structure follow েকর, “person must not be+ adjective + or/otherwise
+ person will not be…….”, simple sentence শুরুকত্ “In the event of being”+ adjective+ main clause
বেবহোর েরকব ।
Compound: You must not be late or/ otherwise you will not be allowed to participate in the
meeting.
Simple: In the event of being late you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting.
Compound: You must not be lazy or/ otherwise you will not be allowed on the team.
Simple: In the event of being lazy you will not be allowed on the team.
Transformation: Compound থেকে Complex Sentence
A compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses which can be used as
separate sentences and are connected with coordinating conjunctions.
এেটি compound sentence এ েমপকে িুটি independent clause েোকে যোরো পৃেে sentence নহকসকব
বেবহৃত্ হকত্ পোকর এবং coordinating conjunction নিকয় যুক্ত েোকে ।
Such as, Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies.
On the other hand, a complex sentence is characterized by one independent clause and at least
one dependent clause.
পেোন্তকর Complex sentence এ এেটি independent clause এবং েমপকে এেটি dependent clause
েোকে।
Such as, I will wait here until you come.
The rules for transforming compound sentence to complex sentence are discussed below.
Compound sentence থে complex sentence এ রূপোন্তনরত্ েরোর নিয়ম িীকে বনণত্ে হক ো ।
Rule 1:
If the compound sentence uses the conjunction “but”/”yet” to connect the different clauses, the
complex sentence will use “though”/”Although” in the beginning and “but”/”yet” will be removed.
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Compound sentence “but”/”yet” conjunction নিকয় পৃেে clause গুক োকে যুক্ত েরক , Complex
sentence এর শুরুকত্ “though”/”Although” বকস “but”/”yet” উকি যোকব ।
Compound: He is poor, but he is happy.
Complex: Though he is poor, he is happy.
Compound: She is ill, yet she worked very hard.
Complex: Although she is ill, she worked very hard.
Compound: The class was lengthy, but it was enjoyable.
Complex: Though the class was lengthy, the class was enjoyable.
Rule 2:
If the compound sentence uses the conjunction “or”/”otherwise” to connect different clauses and
future tense is used in the second clause, the complex sentence uses “lest” in the middle and
“should” after the person.
যনি Compound sentence এ conjunction “or”/”otherwise” বেবহোর েকর পৃেে clause গুক োকে যুক্ত
েরো হয় এবং নিত্ীয় clause এ future tense হয়, ত্কব complex sentence এর মোকঝ “lest” হকব এবং
person এর পকর “should” বসকব ।
Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.
Complex: Study hard lest you should fail.
Compound: Practice hard otherwise you will be out of the cricket team.
Complex: Practice hard lest you should be out of the cricket team.
Rule 3:
If the compound sentence uses the conjunction “and” to join the different clauses, the complex
sentence will use “As soon as” in the beginning removing the “and” from the middle.
যনি compound sentence “and” conjunction নিকয় পৃেে clause গুক োকে যুক্ত েকর, ত্কব complex
sentence এর শুরুকত্ “As soon as” বকস মোঝ থেকে “and” উকি যোকব ।
Compound: The rain stopped, and we started the journey.
Complex: As soon as the rain stopped, we started the journey.
Compound: The crowd saw the hero and started shouting.
Complex: As soon as the crowd saw the hero, they started shouting.
Rule 4:
If the compound sentence uses “and”/ ”so” /”hence” /”therefore” to connect the different
clauses, the complex sentence uses “since”/”as”/”when” in the beginning removing “and”/ ”so”/
”hence”/ ”therefore” from the middle.
যনি compound sentence “and”/ ”so”/ ”hence”/ ”therefore” নিকয় পৃেে clause গুক োকে যুক্ত েকর,
ত্কব complex sentence এর শুরুকত্ “since”/ ”as”/ ”when” বকস “and”/ ”so”/ ”hence”/ ”therefore”
উকি যোকব ।
Compound: The weather was bad, and the match did not take place.
Complex: Since the weather was bad, the match did not take place.
Compound: She was ill, so she did not come.
Complex: As she was ill, she did not come.
Compound: The sun has set to the west, and therefore it is evening.
Complex: When it is evening, the sun has set to the west.
Rule 5:
If the compound sentence uses “and” to connect two different clauses about the same person, the
complex sentence will use relative pronoun “who” in place of “and” removing the pronoun after it.
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যনি compound sentence এ “and” বেবহৃত্ হয় এেই বেঝক্ত সম্পকেে িুকিো নেন্ন clause যুক্ত
েরকত্, ত্কব complex sentence “and” এর স্থোকি relative pronoun “who” বেবহোর েকর এর পকরর
pronoun উটিকয় থিকব ।
Compound: I saw a girl, and she was singing.
Complex: I saw a girl who was singing.
Compound: I have a friend, and she is a writer.
Complex: I have a friend who is a writer.
Rule 6:
If the compound sentence follows this structure, “Let+ object form of pronoun+ affirmative form
of subordinate clause+ or/otherwise+ main clause”, the complex sentence starts with “if” having
first or third person after it and it bears a negative meaning.
যনি compound sentence এই structure follow েকর , “Let+ pronoun এর object form + subordinate
clause এর affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause”, ত্কব complex sentence এর শুরুকত্ “if”
ও এর পকর first or third person বেবহোর েকর negative অে প্রেোশ ে েকর ।
Compound: let me go there or/otherwise I will be unable to learn it.
Complex: If I do not go there I will be unable to learn it.
Compound: Let me study hard or/otherwise I will be unable to get good marks.
Complex: if I do not study hard I will be unable to get good marks.
Rule 7:
If the compound sentence follows this structure, “Let+ object form of pronoun+ “and” between
two clauses+ main clause”, the complex sentence starts with “if” having first or third person after
it and it is in affirmative form.
Compound sentence যনি এই structure follow েকর , “Let+ pronoun এর object form + িুই clauses
এর মোকঝ “and” + main clause”, ত্কব complex sentence এর শুরুকত্ “if” ও এর পকর first or third
person বেবহোর েকর affirmative form এ েোকে ।
Compound: Let me study hard, and I will be able to get good marks.
Complex: If I study hard, I will be able to get good marks.
Compound: Let me go there, and I will be able to learn it.
Compound: Let me go there, and I will be able to learn it.
Rule 8:
If the compound sentence uses an affirmative form of verb+ or/otherwise + main clause, the
complex sentence starts with “if” having the second person after it and expressing a negative
meaning.
Compound sentence যনি এই structure follow েকর , verb এর affirmative form + or/otherwise +
main clause, complex sentence এর শুরুকত্ “if” ও এর পকর second person বেবহোর েকর negative
অে প্রেোশ
ে েকর ।
Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.
Complex: If you do not study hard, you will fail.
Compound: Practice more, or you cannot become a good singer.
Complex: If you do not practice more, you cannot become a good singer.
Rule 9:
If the compound sentence uses an affirmative form of verb+ and + main clause, the complex
sentence starts with “if” having second person after it and it's in affirmative form.
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Compound sentence যনি এই structure follow েকর , verb এর affirmative form + and + main
clause, Complex sentence এর শুরুকত্ “if” ও এর পকর second person বেবহোর েকর affirmative form
এ েোকে ।
Compound: Study hard, and you will get good marks.
Complex: If you study hard, you will get good marks.
Compound: Read more, and your writing capability will increase.
Complex: If you read more, your writing capability will increase.
Rule 10:
If the compound sentence has this form, “very….and so/hence/therefore+ main clause”, the If the
complex sentence will use “so…that” form.
যনি compound sentence “very….and so/hence/therefore+ main clause” এই from এ েোকে, ত্কব
complex sentence “so…that” form বেবহোর েরকব ।
Compound: I am very tired, and so/hence/therefore I cannot work.
Complex: I am so tired that I cannot work.
Compound: The place is very crowded, and so/hence/therefore I cannot find a place to stand.
Complex: The place is so crowded that I cannot find a place to stand.
Rule 11:
If the compound sentence uses ”or” between two clauses stating an advice, the complex sentence
starts with “Unless” following second person(you).
যনি compound sentence িুই clause এর মোকঝ ”or” বেবহোর েকর উপকিশ থিয়ো থবোঝোয়, ত্কব
Complex sentence এর শুরুকত্ “Unless” ও এর পকর second person (you) েোকে ।
Compound: Say prayers, or you cannot advise anyone to say prayers.
Complex: Unless you say prayers, you cannot advise anyone to say prayers.
Compound: Practice hard, or you cannot become a good singer.
Complex: Unless you practice hard, you cannot become a good singer.