Development

By which organization is the Human Development Report

published ?
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(A) World Trade Organisation
(B) Amnesty International
(C) United Nations Development Programme
(D) World Health Organisation
(a) “Recent evidence suggests that the overuse of
groundwater is
becoming a serious threat in many parts of the country.”
Evaluate
the statement in the context of sustainability of
development.
(i) Sustainability refers to that kind of economic development that
should take place without damaging the environment and
development in the present should not compromise with the need
of the future generations.
(ii) Ground water is an example of renewable resources. These
resources are replenished by nature.
(iii) The over use ground water is becoming a serious threat in many
parts of the country due to population growth and agricultural
practices.
(iv) Excessive use of ground water for irrigation can deplete ground
water level.
(v) A lack of effective policies and regulation can lead to unsustainable
ground water use.
(vi) About 300 districts have reported a water level decline of over 4
meters during the past 20 years.
(vii) Nearly one third of the country is over using their ground water
reserves.
(viii) In another 25 years, 60 percent of the country would be doing the
same if the present way of using this resource continues.
(ix) Ground water overuse is particularly found in the agriculturally
prosperous regions of Punjab and Western Uttar Pradesh etc.
(x) Judicious use of water resources.
(xi) Control over dumping of excessive and toxic waste on land to
prevent pollution of ground water.
(xii) Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be evaluated.
OR
(b) “The development goals of different categories of people
may
differ.” Evaluate the statement.
(i)
Each one of us seeks different things in our life.
(ii)
People seek things that are most important for them, which can
fulfill their aspirations or desires.
(iii) At times, two persons or group of persons may seek things which
are conflicting.
(iv) For example, a girl expects as much freedom and opportunities as
her brother and that he also shares in the household work.
(v)
What may be the development for one may not be the
development of others.
(vi) For example, an industrialist may want more dams for electricity
but for the people who are displaced might resent this.
(vii) Any other relevant point.

(a) How is income an important factor in assessing the

development of a
country? Mention the classification done by the World Bank.
(i) For comparing countries, their income is considered to be one of the
most
important attributes.
(ii) Countries with higher income are more developed than others with
less
income.
(iii) This is based on the understanding that more income means more
of all
things that human beings need.
(iv) Whatever people like, and should have, they will be able to get with
greater
income. So, greater income itself is considered to be one important
goal.
(v) Any other relevant point.
(Any two points to be explained.)
Classification done by the World Bank
According to the World Development Reports, brought out by the World
Bank (in 2019),
(i) Countries with per capita income of US$ 49,300 per annum and
above, are
called high income or rich countries.
(ii) Countries with per capita income between US$ 2500 and US$
49,300 are
called middle-income countries.
(iii) Countries with per capita income of US$ 2500 or less are called
low-income
countries.
(iv) India comes in the category of middle-income countries because its
per
capita income in 2019 was just US$ 6700 per annum.
(v) Any other relevant point.
(Any three points to be mentioned.)
OR
(b) How has the overuse of underground water created a
serious crisis in many
parts of India? Explain with examples in the context of
sustainable
development.
(i) Groundwater is an example of renewable resource. This resource is
replenished by nature.
(ii) Even this resource may be overused by excessive irrigation,
industries etc.
(iii) In the case of groundwater, if we use more than what is being
replenished
by rain then we would be overusing this resource.
(iv) Any other relevant point
(Any two points to be explained.)
Examples in the context of sustainability:
(i) Recent evidence suggests that the groundwater is under serious
threat of
overuse in many parts of the country.
(ii) Many districts have reported steep decline in water level.
(iii) Nearly one-third of the country is overusing their groundwater
reserves.
(iv) In the coming years, if the present way of using this resource
continues,
most parts of the country will face a serious water crisis.
(v) Groundwater overuse is particularly found in the agriculturally
prosperous
regions of Punjab and Western U.P., hard rock plateau areas of central
and
south India, some coastal areas and the rapidly growing urban
settlements.

Explain the role of public facilities for quality of life.

(i)
Public facilities are provided by the government.
(ii) Increased investment by the government in health will improve
the wellbeing of the citizens.
(iii) Providing quality education, (particularly elementary
education) will help to develop human resources.
(iv) Providing safe drinking water will provide good health.
(v) Housing facilities for the poor will improve basic living
conditions.
(vi) Providing safe and good transport facilities will contribute to
improved economic activities.

)
Analyse the social and economic goals of development.
Social Goals
(i) Quality education and skill development for all.
(ii) Accessible and affordable healthcare for everyone.
(iii) Women empowerment through equal opportunities and leadership
roles.
(iv) Ensuring dignity, equity, and social justice for all individuals.
(v) Promoting social harmony in a diverse society.
(vi) Strengthening coordination and cooperation between majority and
minority communities.
(vii) Any other relevant point
Any two points to be analyzed.
Economic Goals
(i)
Increasing per capita income to improve the standard of living.
(ii) Enhancing sectoral development for balanced economic growth.
(iii) Driving industrial growth to boost employment and innovation.
(iv) Strengthening infrastructure to support economic expansion.
(v) Modernizing agriculture for higher productivity and sustainability.
(vi) Promoting renewable energy.
(vii) Encouraging self-reliance through local manufacturing.
(viii) Ensuring sustainable economic growth with environmental
responsibility.
(ix) Expanding global trade.
(x) Any other relevant point.
5-6E
2+3=5
2X1=2
3X1=314
Any three points to be analyzed.
OR
(b) Why is the question of sustainability of development
becoming
challenging in the present times? Analyse the appropriate
reasons.
(i)
Sustainable development refers to meeting the needs of the present
without compromising the needs of the future generations.
(ii) With growing population and growing demands for resources
sustainability is becoming challenging in the present time.
(iii) Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect
national or state boundaries. Sustainability is a global issue and
requires global co-operation.
(iv) Promoting sustainable industrialization can ensure resource
efficiency and long-term economic growth.
(v) Eco-friendly technologies drive economic growth while protecting
the environment. More government policy support can help ensure
sustainability.
(vi) Lifestyle changes are leading to overconsumption. Public
awareness and responsible consumption can contribute to long
term sustainability.
(vii) Advancing alternative energy like solar and wind power reduces
dependence on fossil fuels.
(viii) Strengthening environmental policies and regulations helps
control pollution and preserve ecosystems.
(ix) Encouraging afforestation and biodiversity conservation supports
ecological balance.
(x) Investing in sustainable agriculture ensures food security while
conserving natural resources.
(xi) Water conservation initiatives and efficient irrigation techniques
enhance water security.

“The consequences of environmental degradation do not

respect national and state boundaries.” Examine the
statement in context of sustainability of development.
(i) Since the second half of twentieth century several
scientists have been warning us about present type usage
of resources indiscriminately, and levels of development
are not sustainable.
(ii) Sustainable development refers to economic development
without any damage to the environment.
(iii) Underground water is an example of a renewable resource
which is overused.
(iv) It should be used judiciously to maintain the water levels.
(v) Urbanization and industrialization have depleted water
reserves in a major way.
(vi) We need to sustain development for future generations as
our future is linked together.
(vii) Non-renewable resources like coal, petroleum should be
used in a judicious manner so as to decrease environmental
degradation.
(viii) For example, the poor air quality in one town or country
will adversely affect the quality of air in the neighbouring
city or country.
(ix) Global warming and climate change are a consequence of
not maintaining our resources judiciously and is
experienced by people across national and state
boundaries.
(x) Any other relevant point.
Any Five points to be Examined.
OR
(b) “The question of sustainability of development is becoming
more and more complex day by day.” Examine the statement
in context of use of underground water in India.
(i) With passing days, we need to focus more on the issue of
sustainability on a serious note as our valuable resources
are depleting day by day at a faster pace.
(ii) Sustainable development refers to economic development
without any damage to the environment.
(iii) For example, Groundwater is an example of renewable
resource which is overused in India.
(iv) Recent evidences suggests that the groundwater in under
serious threat of overuse in many parts of the country.
(v) In recent years many districts have reported a decline in
water level.
(vi) Currently, about one-third of the country is over-extracting
from underground water reserves.
(vii) If the present way of using this resource continues it will
be overused by many parts of the country.
(viii) Non-renewable resources are also overused and some of
them are about to get exhausted.
(ix) Resources should be made available in decent quantity for
the upcoming generations.
(x) The question of development or progress is perennial.

2024

Choosethecorrectoptiontofilltheblank.
Literacy Rate measures the proportion of literatepopulation
inthe_____
yearsandaboveagegroup.
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(A) 10
(B) 7
(C) 5
(D) 8

Assumethere are four families ina locality. Ifthe incomes of

thesefour
families in a week are ` 2,000, ` 5,000, ` 3,000 and ` 6,000, then
the
weeklyaverageincomeofthelocalitywillbe–
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(A) ` 4,000
(B) ` 5,000
(C) ` 2,000
(D) ` 1,000

Choose the correct option regarding ‘Body Mass Index’ (BMI) from
the
following.
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(A) AssessmentofBloodPressure
(B) AssessmentofBloodSugarLevel
(C) Assessment of Body Composition
(D) Assessment of under Nutrition

How is the issue of sustainability important for the

development?
Explain.
i.
Sustainability is important for development because it results in
protecting the people against pollution ensuring their quality of life
and health.
ii.
Conserving the environment which is necessary for development.
iii.
Development can be sustained in any economy by using renewable
resources such as groundwater, wind energy and solar energy.
iv.
Groundwater is an example of renewable resource. These resources
are replenished by nature as in the case of crops and plants.
However,
even these resources may be overused. For example, in the case of
groundwater, if we use more than what is being replenished by rain
then we would be overusing this resource.
v.
Non-renewable resources are those which will get exhausted after a
few years of use. We have a fixed stock on earth which cannot be
replenished. Over usage of resources need to be checked
vi.
Conservation of resources for the future generations.
vii.
We do discover new resources that we did not know earlier. New
sources in this way add to the stock. However, over time, even this
will get depleted/used.
viii.
Any other relevant point

How can a nation achieve a balance between economic

growth and the environment sustainability? Explain by
giving any two arguments.
(i)
Sustainable development is environment friendly
economic development which advocates for
conserving resources for future generations.
(ii)
Development can be sustained in any economy by
using renewable resources such as hydel energy,
wind energy and solar energy.
(iii)
Non-renewable resources are those which get
exhausted after years of use. We have a fixed stock
of these on earth which cannot be replenished. So
their use should be reduced.
(iv)
Renewable resources are replenished by nature.
However, even these resources may be overused. For
example, in case of groundwater, if we use more than
what is being replenished by rain then we would be
overusing these resources. So they also should be
used wisely.
(v)
Use of public transport, conservation of resources,
reducing, recycling and reusing of resources.