Mathematics G r a d e 7 student text book

Unit 5
Perimeter and Area of Plane figures
Unit Outcomes:

At the end of this unit, students will able to:

 Classifies the different kinds of triangles.

 Constructs and describe properties of four- sided figures
 Find the perimeter of triangle, parallelograms, trapezium, rhombus and
composite shapes
 Derive formula for area of triangle, parallelograms, trapezium and rhombus.
 Calculate areas of triangle, parallelograms, trapezium, rhombus and
composite shapes
 Apply the concept of area and perimeter of Plane figures in solving real life
problems

Introduction

In this unit you will learn the different kinds of geometric figures and their
properties such as triangle, rectangle, square, rhombus, and trapezium. In addition
to their properties you will learn, how to calculate the area and perimeter of these
geometric figures.

The unit has five sections. The first section deals with revision of triangles, second
section deals with four - sided figures, the third section deals with Perimeter and
Area of four-sided figures, the fourth section deals with Perimeters and Areas of

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triangles and the last section deals about application of the concept of area and
perimeter of Plane figures in solving real life problems.

[Link] of triangles
At the end of this section you should be able to:

• classify the different kinds of triangles

Activity 5.1.1

Discuss with your friends/partners

1. Define triangle
A
2. Name triangle below.

B C

3. Classify the following triangles based on their sides.

a. b. c.

5cm 5cm 3cm 3cm 3cm 4cm

5cm

3cm 3cm
4. Classify the following triangle based on their angles

a. b. c.

600

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5. Draw a triangle and measure the interior angle of this triangle by using
protractor. Find the sum of all interior angles?
Definition 5.1: A triangle is a simple closed plane figure made of three-line
segments.

 The line segments forming the triangle are sides of the triangle.

are the sides of the triangle.

 The point where the sides of the triangle meet is called vertex (plural form
vertices)
are the vertices of the triangle.
 Angles of a triangle are formed by two sides of the triangle meeting at a point
(vertex).
 The interior angles of the above triangle are:
i. The angle at vertex A,
ii. The angle at vertex B,
iii. The angle at vertex C,
 The sum of interior angles of a triangle is .

 A triangle is named by using its vertices.

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The above triangle is named as triangle ABC, symbolically, . It can also be
named using any other sequence of vertices like triangle BCA, symbolically,
.

Note:

1. A triangle has three sides, three angles, and three vertices.

2. The sum of all interior angles of a triangle is always equal to 180°.

Types of triangles

Triangles can be classified in 2 different ways:

 Classification of triangle according to interior angles

 Classification of triangle based on side length

Classification of triangle based on side length

Based on side length, triangles are classified in to three:

1. Scalene Triangle
2. Isosceles Triangle
3. Equilateral Triangle
1. Scalene Triangle

A triangle in which all the three sides are unequal in length is called a scalene
triangle.

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All sides are different in length, so scalene triangle

2. Isosceles Triangle:
A triangle in which two of its sides are equal is called isosceles triangle.

In triangle PQR, PQ = PR = 6 cm, then PQR is an isosceles

triangle
3. Equilateral Triangle:
A triangle in which all its three sides are equal in length is called an equilateral
triangle.

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In triangle given above LM=MN=NL=5.5cm, then LMN is equilateral triangle.

Classification of a triangle according to interior angles

Based on the measure of interior angles, triangles are classified in to three:

1. Acute Angled Triangle
2. Right-Angled Triangle
3. Obtuse Angled Triangle
1. Acute Angle Triangle
A triangle with all three angles less than 90° is an acute angle triangle.

Figure 5.1.3 acute angle triangle

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In the above triangle ABC, measure of all angles are less than 90 0 (acute angle), so
triangle ABC is acute angle triangle

2. Right-Angle Triangle

A triangle with one angle measuring exactly 90° is a right- angle triangle.
 The other two angles of a right-angle triangle are acute angles.
 The side opposite to the right angle is the largest side of the triangle and is
called the hypotenuse.

Example:

Figure 4.1.2 right angle triangle

In triangle ABC, <ACB= 900 is right angle, so triangle ABC is right angle triangle.

3. Obtuse angle triangle

An obtuse angle triangle is a triangle with one obtuse angle (greater than 90°) and
two acute angles.

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Example:

Figure 4.1.3 obtuse angle triangle

In triangle ABC, 960 is obtuse angle, then Triangle ABC is obtuse angle
triangle.

Exercise 5.1.1
1. Fill in the blanks:

a. The triangle in which all its sides are equal is called______________.

b.____________ is a triangle in which all its sides are different length.

c. Each angle of equilateral triangle is ___________.

d. ____________ is a triangle with two equal sides.

e. In obtuse angled triangle one angle is _______than 90°.

f. Each angle of an acute triangle is _________than 90°.

g. The sum of interior angles of a triangle is equal to________.

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2. Consider the following triangle.

a. List the sides, angles and vertices of the triangle

b. Name the triangle

3. Classify the following triangle:

a. Sides of triangle are 4 cm, 4 cm and 7 cm

b. Angles of triangle is 90°, 60° and 30°
c. Angles of triangle is 110°, 40° and 30°
d. Sides of triangle are 5 cm, 13 cm and 12 cm
e. Angles of triangle is 60°, 60° and 60°

[Link] - sided Figures

At the end of this section you should be able to:

 construct and describe properties of four-sided figures

Activity 5.2.1
Discuss with your friends/partners:

1. considering the geometric figure below and answer the following question

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a. The geometric figure has ______ sides

b. Name all its sides.
c. Name all its vertices.
d. Name all its interior angles.
e. The geometric figure is called______.
f. Name the geometric figure using the four vertices.
g. The vertex opposite to D is _____
h. Name the adjacent vertex to D.
i. Name the opposite side to .
j. Name the adjacent side to .
Definition: A quadrilateral is a four-sided geometric figure bounded by line
segments.
A B

C
D

 A quadrilateral is named by using its four vertices in clock wise or anti clock
wise direction.
 The above quadrilateral is named as quadrilateral ACDB or BACD or CDBA
and so on, but it cannot be named as ABCD or ADCB.
 The sides of the quadrilateral ABDC above are
i. Opposite side to is

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ii. Opposite side to is
iii. The adjacent sides to are
 The point where the sides of a quadrilateral meet is called Vertex (plural form
vertices). The vertices of the quadrilateral ABDC above are
i. The opposite vertex to A is D.
ii. The vertexes adjacent to A are C and B.
 The angles formed by adjacent side of the quadrilateral are interior angles of the
quadrilateral. The interior angles of quadrilateral ABDC above are

i. The opposite angle to is .

ii. The angle adjacent to are and .
 A line segment that connects two opposite vertices of the quadrilateral is called
diagonal. The diagonals of quadrilateral ABDC above are .
Construction and properties of trapezium

Activity 5.2.1
Discuss with your friends/partners:

Consider the quadrilateral below and answer the following questions

D C

A B
1. Which sides of this quadrilateral are parallel?
2. What do we call such type of quadrilateral?
3. Measure and calculate
i. iii.
ii.

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Definition:
A trapezium is a special type of quadrilateral in which exactly one pair of opposite
sides are parallel.

 The parallel sides of trapezium are called the bases of trapezium. In the above
trapezium, the parallel sides and are bases.
 The distance between the bases is called the height (or altitude) of the
trapezium. is the height.
 The non-parallel sides of the trapezium are called legs of the trapezium. The
non-parallel sides and are legs.
 If the legs of trapezium are congruent, then trapezium is called isosceles
trapezium.

Isosceles trapezium
Construction of trapezium

 To perform geometric construction, you need tools like:

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- Ruler
- Compass
- Protractor
Ruler is used to construct line or line segments.

Compass is used to construct circles or arcs.

Protractor is used to measure or construct angles.

Example: construct a trapezium ABCD using the information given below.

Given: ,

Solution:

Step 1: draw a line segment

A 8cm B

Step 2: construct with the given measures.

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B
A

Step 3: Mark point C on the side of such that

D
C
5cm
600 850
A B
Step 4: Draw a line through C parallel to AB, intersecting the side of at D
D C
5cm

A B
Exercise 5.2.1

1. Fill in the blank space with the correct answer.

a. Four-sided geometric figure is called______
b. A line segment that joins opposite vertex of a quadrilateral is
_______
c. The point where the sides of a quadrilateral meet is called______
d. The tools used for geometric construction are ______, _____ and____
2. Which one of the following is not a trapezium?
A. C.

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B. D.

3. Considering the quadrilateral below answer the following questions

E a. the opposite side to FG is _____

F b. the adjacent sides to HG are___, ____

H G
c. the opposite angle to is ____

d. The quadrilateral is named as _________

e. the diagonal of the quadrilateral are line segments joining ___ and___ or
___and _____

4. construct a trapezium EFGH using the information given below.

Given: ,

Construction and properties of parallelogram

Definition: A parallelogram is a quadrilateral in which both pair of opposite sides

are parallel.

In the figure , thus ABCD is a parallelogram.

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Construction of parallelogram

 Construct a parallelogram ABCD using the information given below

Given:

Solution:

Step 1: Draw a line segment

A 6cm B

Step 2: construct so that

A B
6cm
Step 3: mark point C on side of such that . And draw a line through
C parallel to AB so that it meets the side of at point D.

D C
4cm

A B
6cm

Finally, the parallelogram ABCD satisfying the given condition is

D C
O 4cm

A 6cm B

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Using the constructed parallelogram above answer the following questions.

1. Measure and . compare , and

From the result in 1:
 Opposite angles of a parallelogram are __________
2. Find the value of
i. iii.
ii. iv.
From the result in 2:
 Consecutive (or adjacent) angles of a parallelogram are __________
3. Measure side AD and DC. Compare AD with BC and AB with DC.
From the result in 3:
 Opposite sides of a parallelogram are __________
4. Construct diagonals AC and DB, so that they intersect at O. Compare the
length of DO with OB and AO with OC.
From the result in 4:
 The diagonals of parallelogram __________ each other.
From the activity above the properties of parallelogram is summarized as follows:

D C

A B

1. Opposite sides of parallelogram are congruent.

2. Opposite angles of a parallelogram are congruent.

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3. Consecutive (or adjacent) angles of a parallelogram are supplementary.

4. The diagonals of parallelogram bisect each other.

Note:
Bisect means “divides exactly in to two equal parts
Supplementary angles are angles whose sum is
Congruent means equal in length.

Construction and properties of special parallelograms

Rectangle, Rhombus and square are special parallelograms. They all satisfy the
properties of parallelogram.
A. Rectangle
Definition: rectangle is a parallelogram with all its angles are right angle.

Fig. rectangle

Construction of Rectangle

 Construct a rectangle PQRS using the information given below

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Given:

Solution:

Step 1: construct a line segment PQ with length 6 cm.

P 6 cm Q

Step 2: construct

P 6 cm Q
Step 3: mark point R and S, such that and connect RS parallel to
PQ S R

7cm

P 6cm Q

Using the constructed rectangle above answer the following questions.

1. Does it satisfy all properties of parallelogram?

2. Compare the diagonals PR and SQ.
The properties of rectangle are summarized as follows:

1. Rectangle satisfies all properties of parallelogram.

2. The diagonals of rectangle are equal in length and bisect each other.
3. All angles of rectangle are right angle.

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Note:
1. Right angle is an angle that measures
2. All rectangles are parallelogram, but all parallelograms are not rectangles
3. A quadrilateral with congruent diagonals is not necessarily rectangle
4. A parallelogram with congruent diagonals is rectangle.

B. Rhombus
Definition: A rhombus is a parallelogram in which all its sides are congruent.

Properties of rhombus

i. All properties of parallelogram are properties of rhombus.

ii. All sides of rhombus are congruent
iii. The diagonals of rhombus are perpendicular to each other (i.e.
iv. The diagonal of rhombus bisects the angles at the vertices. For example, in
the above rhombus is bisected by the diagonal DB, so that
.

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Note:

1. All rhombs are parallelogram, but all parallelograms are not

rhombus.
2. The diagonals of rhombus are perpendicular and bisect each other.

C. Square
Definition: square is a parallelogram with four congruent sides and four right
angles.

Properties of square

1. Square satisfies all properties of parallelogram, rectangle and rhombus.

2. The diagonals of square are:
 Perpendicular to each other
 Bisect each other and
 Congruent
3. The diagonals bisect the angles at the vertices. Hence, the diagonal forms
with its side.

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D. Kite
Definition: Kite is a quadrilateral that has two pairs of consecutive congruent
sides, but opposite sides are not congruent.

Properties of kite

1. The diagonals of kite are perpendicular to each other. But they do not bisect
each other.

2. One pair of opposite angles of kite are congruent.

Exercise 5.2.2
1. Write true if the statement is correct and write false if the statement is
wrong.
a. All rectangles are parallelogram.
b. The diagonals of rhombus are congruent
c. The opposite sides of kite are congruent
d. All squares are rhombus
e. A quadrilateral with congruent diagonals is necessarily rectangle

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f. All trapeziums are quadrilateral
2. Fill in the blank space with the correct answer
a. A quadrilateral with both pair of opposite sides are parallel is_______
b. A quadrilateral with adjacent sides congruent, but opposite sides are not
congruent is______
c. A rhombus with congruent diagonals is ________
d. A quadrilateral with exactly one pair of opposite sides parallel is_______
e. A parallelogram with all four angles are right angle, but the diagonals are
not perpendicular is _________
f. A parallelogram in which its diagonals are congruent, perpendicular and
bisect each other is_________
3. Answer the following questions
a. Describe similarity and difference of rhombus and kite.
b. Describe similarity and difference of square and rectangle.

[Link] and perimeter of triangle

 solve routine and non-routine problems invoving Perimetre and
area of triangle.
a. Area of right angled triangle
he formula of area of right angled triangle is derived from area of rectangle. The
diagonal of a rectangle divides the rectangle in to two equal right-angled triangles.

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the area of triangle is half of the area

of Rectangle, so the area of triangle is:

b. Area of acute angled triangle

A
to calculate area of such triangle, draw perpendicular
Line from one of the vertices to the opposite side.

B C

The perpendicular line segment from the vertex to the opposite side is called
altitude or height(h) and the opposite side is the base(b).

A AD is height(h) and BC is base(b). The area of

Is the sum of area of

B C

Area of

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c. Area of obtuse angled triangle

A
to calculate area of obtuse angled

Draw height from vertex A to side

B Extension of base BC
C
A Area of is equal to area of

minus area of

B C D

Area of

Note:

The area of triangle whose base b and altitude(height) to this base h is given by

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Example 1: Calculate the area of the following triangles.

a. b. c.
9cm
5cm
7cm
9cm 10cm
4cm

Solution:

a. b. c.

Example 2: Using the figure below, calculate

a. the area of rectangle

20cm
b. the area of shaded region
c. the area of unshaded region 60cm

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Solution:

a. Area of rectangle c. Area of unshaded part= area of rectangle

minus area of shaded part

b. Area of shaded part

Example 3: what is the area and perimeter of the triangle below

Solution:

8cm 10cm

6cm

Perimeter of the triangle is sum of each side:

Example 4: the area of a triangle is 64 . If the base is 16 cm long, then

calculate the height of the triangle.

Solution:

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Example 5: based on the triangle below answer the following questions.

A If

E , then calculate

a. Area of
b. the length BE

B D C

Solution:

a.

Using base BC and height AD

b. Using the other base and height, area of is

Using base AC and height BE

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Exercise 5.3.1:

1. Calculate the area and perimeter of the following triangles.

a. b.
16cm 10cm
10cm 7cm
6cm

5cm
10cm
2. The area of a triangle is 63 . If its height is 9cm long, then calculate the
length of its base.
3. The figure below represents a wall of a certain building. Find the area and
perimeter of the wall

3m 1m 3m

3.7m 5m

4. Based on the figure below, answer the following questions

6cm E
D C

6cm

A B
12cm

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a. Calculate the area of shaded region
b. Calculate the area of unshaded part

[Link] and Areas of four sided figures

At the end of this section you should be able to:

 solve routine and non-routine problems invoving Perimetre and area of four
sided figures.
 Solves routine and non-routine problems involving area of composite figures
formed by any two or more figures such as triangle, square, and rectangles.
Introduction
In grade 6 you have learnt about perimeter and area of different closed
figures. In this section you will also learn how to calculate, the area and perimeter
of rectangle,square,parallelogram, trapezium, rhombus and kite. In ordre to have an
obiviuos understang about the topics you need to follow the fowing activities.
Activity 5.4.1

Discuss with your friends/partners

1. Take a metre scale and measure the length of all corners of your classroom.
Tell your classmates the value you get.
2. Multiply only the value of length and width. What do you think about the
value you get?
3. Considering the following rectangle answer the following questions?

a. What is the area of the rectangle above in square units?

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b. What is the perimeter of the rectangle?
4. What is area of a closed region?
5. What is perimeter of a closed region?
6. How do you calculate area and perimeter of a rectangle?
1. Area and perimeter of rectangle

 Area of rectangle is the product of its base and height.

 The perimeter of rectangle is calculated as:

2. Area and perimeter of square

 Square is a rectangle whose base and height are equal.
 The area of square whose side length is and its perimeter is

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Example: calculate the area and perimeter of the rectangle given below

Example: calculate the area and perimeter of square whose side length is

Solution:

3. Perimeter and area of parallelogram

Activity 5.4.2
Discuss with your friends/partners
1. What is parallelogram?
2. list its properties of parallelogram
3. Consider the parallelogram below, where PQ is base(b) and the altitude(h)
from S to PQ

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S R S R
a. v v b. v v
v v v v
v v v v v v
v v v v v v
Q P v Q
P v
v v v v
v v v v
i. Construct v SQ as in bv above
Q to SR,v and diagonal v
v altitude from
v
v v v v
ii. What isvthe area ofv in terms of and
v v v v
iii. What is the area of in terms of and
iv. How do you find the area parallelogram using areas of and
v. From a, b, c, the formula to calculate area of parallelogram is_____.
As you have done in the above activity the formula to calculate area of
parallelogram is derived as follows:

S R
v v
v v
v v v
v v v
P v Q
v v v v
v v v
v v v
v v

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Note: S R
v v
1. The area of parallelogram with
v v
base and altitude is given v v v
v v v
by the formula: Q
P v
v v v v
v v v
v v v
v by adding
2. The perimeter of parallelogram is calculated v all its sides

Example 1: In the figure given below,AP, AQ are altitude of the paralellogram

[Link] AQ = 4cm CD = 5cm and AP = 8cm,then calculate

a. Area of the parallelogram

A B
b. Length of BC v v
v Pv
c. Perimetre of the paralelogram v vv
DvQ C vv
Solution: v
v
a.
…. using base DC
And height AQ

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b.
…. using base BC
And height AP

c. perimeter of the parallelogram is:

Example 2: The area of parallelogram is .If the base of the trapezium is

, then find the corresponding altitude.

Solution:

Exercise 5.4.1

1. Calculate the area of the following parallelogram

S R
v v
v v
v vvv v
v v v
P Q
v v
2. ABCD
v is a parallelogram of
varea . Find the length of the
v
corresponding altitudes, if v
v

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3. Calculate the area of the region , if PQRS is parallelogram
S R
v v
v v
v vvv v
v v v
P Q 6cm T
v v
v vvv
Example 1: Inv the figure given below,WQ,
v v
vWP are altitude of the paralellogram
v = 8cm,thenv
[Link] WPv= 6cm, XY = 5cm and WQ v calculate
v
a. Area of the parallelogram
v v
b. Length of ZY v v
v vv
c. Perimetre of the paralelogram v vv
v
v v v
4. Perimeter and area of trapezium v
v v v
Activity 5.4.3 v v v
v v
Discuss with your friends/partners
1. What is trapezium?
2. Consider the trapezium below
a. b.

i. Construct diagonal AC and altitude from c to base AB (its extension) as in

b above.
ii. What is the area of in terms of
iii. What is the area of in terms of
iv. The area of trapezium ABCD is the sum of the area of and

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v. From a, b, c the formula to calculate area of trapezium is _____.
As you have done in the above activity the formula to calculate area of trapezium
is derived as follows:
 The area of trapezium ABCD is the sum of
the area of and

Note:

[Link] of trapezium with base and and altitude h is given by the formula:

2.

The perimeter of trapezium is the sum of the

two base and its legs:

Example 1: calculate the area and perimeter of the trapezium given below

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Solution:

Example 2: The area of trapezium is and its height is . If one of the

base is more than the other base, then calculate each base of the trapezium.

Solution: let the smaller base is , and the larger base is

Therefore, the bases of trapezium are

Smaller base and larger
base is

Exercise 5.4.2

1. Calculate the area and perimeter of the following trapezium

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2. The area of trapezium is . If its height and one of the bases are 17cm
and 12 cm respectively, then calculate the other base of the trapezium.
3. One of the bases of trapezium exceeds the other by . If the altitude and
area of trapezium are and respectively, then calculate the larger
base of the trapezium.
5. Perimeter and area of rhombus and kite
Activity 5.4.4
Discuss with your friends/partners
1. Define rhombus and list its properties.
2. Define kite and list its properties
3. Consider the following rhombus and kite
a. B b. X

A E C W N Y

D Z

i. Name the diagonals of the rhombus

ii. Name the diagonals of kite
iii. Calculate the area of rhombus by adding area of
iv. Calculate the area of kite by adding area of
v. Using the above result generalize the formula to calculate area of
rhombus and kite.
As you have done in the above activity the formula to calculate area of trapezium
is derived as follows

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B X

A E C W N Y

D Z

Area of rhombus is the sum of area Area of kite is the sum of area

… since , since

, where WY is
, where AC is diagonal diagonal1 and XZ is diagonal 2
1 and BD is diagonal 2

Note: The area of rhombus and kite is given by the formula , where

an are diagonals. The perimeter of rhombus and kite is calculated by adding the
length of all the four sides.
Example 1: Calculate the perimeter and area of the kite given below,

if
X

W N Y

Z
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Solution:

since
And

Exercise 5.4.3

1. Calculate the area and perimeter of the

following rhombus if

E
A C

2. Calculate the area of kite, whose diagonals are 12cm and 16cm.
3. Calculate the perimeter of kite, whose adjacent sides are 18mm and 10mm.
4. The area of rhombus is . If one of its diagonals is 18cm long, then
calculate the length of the other diagonal.

[Link] and Area of a crcle.

At the end of this section you should be able to:
 Define circumference and area of a circle
Calculate the circumference and area of a circle.

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Activity 5.5.1
1. Have you every observed circular object in your locality? If
yes, tell your classmates loudly.
2. Can you tell your classmates how to draw a circle?
3. What are the materials you use to draw a circle?
4. Draw a circle and indicate different parts of a circle.

5.5.1. Revision on the parts of a circle

In grade 6 you had learnt about parts of circles. It is necessary to note the following
parts of a circle to clearly remember what you learnt in your previous class.
1. A circle is the set of all points on a plane
that are at equal distance from the center
of a given point called . A

2. A chord of a circle is any line segment F

that joins two points on the circle.
0
3. A diameter (d) is a line segment that passing D
through the center and joining any two points C
B
on the circle.
4. A radius (r) of a circle is the distance
from the center to any point on the circle.
OA, OB and OF are radii of circle
5.5.2. Circumference of circle
As you have seen before, the distance all-round the plane figure is perimeter. The
analogy of perimeter for a circle is named as circumference of a circle.

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Activity 5.5.2
1. Materials needed: ruler, string, scissor and circular objects of various sizes.
a. Bring a circular object.
b. Use a ruler to measure the diameter of your circular object. Record your finding.
c. Wrap a string around the circular object once. Mark the string where it meets
itself.
d. Lay the string out straight, measure and then record the length of the string with
your ruler. Can you call the circumference of the circle?
e. Divide the measure of the circumference obtained in (d) by the measure of the
diameter obtained in (b). Record your answer.
f. Repeat this activity with circular objects of various sizes.
2. Compare
From the results
the activity above,you
youobtained in (e) and
can understand that(f).
theWhat
ratiodo
ofyou observe or find?
the circumference to
3.
theHow is theofcircumference
diameter the circles yourelated to theapproaches
considered diameter? to a number very closer 3.14
4. What is your conclusion?
called

Therefore, the circumference divided by the diameter of any circle is given as:
(where is Greek letter (read as pi)). Most of the time the rational numbers
we used for approximately are 3.14 or .

Circumference of a Circle
For any circle with diameter d, or radius r, its circumference is given by:

Example: Find the circumference of a circle with diameter 12m.

Solution:
and
Then,
Therefore, the circumference of the circle is or approximately m.

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Example: The circumference of the circular basement of the building is 220m.
Find the radius of the basement. (Use )
Solution:
Given:

Therefore, the radius of the building is

Example: The figure below is formed a semicircle and a straight line.
What is its perimeter? (Use )
Solution:Diameter of circle,
Perimeter of a semicircle = Halve of the circumference of a circle

Perimeter of a semicircle = of the circumference of a circle + length diameter

=
5.5.3. Area of a Circle
From your previous grade lesson you could remember what to mean area of a
plane figure. It is the number of square units that cover the plane figure. We can
approximate the area of a circle by using square grid. That is, dividing a circle in to
small pieces of unit squares (a square of area ).
Number of squares covered by the
quadrant is 39.
Area of a quadrant =39 =39
Area of a circle =39 4 = 156

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The following activity will help you find the way of calculating the accurate area
of a circle.

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Activity 5.5.3
Materialsneeded:paper,compass,rulerorstraightedge,scissors,pencil.
1. Draw a circle and several radii that separate the
circle intoequal-sized sections. (Let r units
represent the length of the radius and C units
represent the circumference of the circle).
2. Cut out each section of the circle.

3. Reassemble the sections in the form of a parallelogram.

r h

4. Whatis the base length of this “parallelogram”?Howabout length of its height?

5. Find the area of the parallelogram. Remember area of a parallelogram is:A= bh.

6. How could you use this formula to find the area of acircle?
 The base of the parallelogram shown on the activity above is half
the circumference of the circle

 The height of the parallelogramis the length of the

[Link] this information into the formula for the area of a
parallelogram.
Area of acircle = area of the parallelogram =

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 Mathematics G r a d e 7 student text book
Exercise 5.5.1
1. Complete the following table(Use )
Radius Diameter Circumference Area
12cm
16cm

cm2

24cm

2. If the diameter of a circle is three times as long as the diameter of another

circle, explain how the circumference of two circles relates to each other.
3. Find the perimeter and area of the following figure. ( )

4. What happens to the area of a circle if the radius of the circle is doubled?
5. Calculate the perimeter and area of the figure given below.

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 Mathematics G r a d e 7 student text book
[Link] of Perimeter and Area of Plane Figures.
At the end of this section you should be able to:

 Apply the concept of perimeter and area of plane figures in real life
problems.
In this section you will learn some of the application of area and perimeter in our
real world.

The concept of area and perimeter is applied:

 In decorating the wall of a house, so that to estimate the cost of painting

 To estimate the fencing material required in fencing a garden.
 To estimate the area of roofing material.
 Making various furniture.
 To estimate carpet size for floor.
Example 1: the diagram below shows the floor plan of a hotel. Carpet costs Birr
100 per square meter. How much will it costs to carpet the hotel.

Solution: First calculate the area of the floor

Area of the floor is the sum of the areas of the two trapeziums.

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The cost of carpet is Birr 100, so the cost of is

Hence, it costs Birr 3000 to carpet the floor.

Example2: A farmer wants today fence a plot of land shown below

a. Calculate the length of

fencing material required
b. If the cost of 1m fencing
material is Birr 250, then
calculate the cost to fence
the plot of land

Solution:

a.
And

Therefore, 220m of fencing material is required.

b. The cost of 1m fencing material is Birr 250, so the cost of 220m fencing
material is

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 Mathematics G r a d e 7 student text book
Example 3: The following diagram shows the front part of a building

If you paint the wall of the

building, then
wi
nd a. calculate the area of the
ow building painted.
Door
b. If it costs Birr200 to paint
wall, then how much it
costs to paint the wall?
Solution:

a. Note that the area of window and door will not be painted, so the area of wall
painted is equal to the are of bigger rectangle minus the area of door and
window

b. it costs Birr200 to paint . So, to paint , it costs

Example 4: A class room has length of 9m and width of 6m. The flooring is to be
replaced by terazo tiles of size 30cm by 30cm. how many terazo tiles are needed to

cover the class room.

Solution: Area of class room,

Area of terazo tile,

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 Mathematics G r a d e 7 student text book

Number of terazo tiles

Therefore, 600 terazo tiles are required for flooring

Exercise 5.6.1

1. The length and width of rectangular football field are 100m and 80m
respectively. artificial grass costs Birr 500, then how much it costs to
cover the field by artificial grass.
2. The following diagram shows one side of a building. If this part will be
covered by HCB (hollow concrete block), then how many HCB is required?
(the size of HCB is 20cm by 40cm, and )

20cm
m 6m
40cm
m

8m
A farmer wants to fence the following plot of land. If no fencing material is not
required along river side, then calculate

a. The length of fencing material required

b. If the cost of fencing material is Birr 150, then calculate the
cost to fence the land.
3. A rectangular flower bed measures 10m by 6m. It has a path 2m wide
around it. Find the area of the path.

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65m 175m

Summary for unit 5

 Triangles based on their sides and angles classified as follows

Based on sides Based on angles

1. Scalen triangle 1. Acute angled triangle
2. Isosceles triangle 2. Right angled triangle
3. Equilateral triangle 3. Obtuse angled triangle

 A quadrilateral is a four-sided geometric figure bounded by line segments.

 A trapezium is a special type of quadrilateral in which exactly one pair of
opposite sides are parallel.
 A parallelogram is a quadrilateral in which both pair of opposite sides are
parallel.
 rectangle is a parallelogram with all its angles are right angle.
 square is a parallelogram with four congruent sides and four right angles.
 A rhombus is a parallelogram in which all its sides are congruent.
 Kite is a quadrilateral that has two pairs of consecutive congruent sides, but
opposite sides are not congruent.
 Formula to calculate area and perimeter of different geometric figures

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1. Triangle 4. Rhombus

2. Rectangle 5. Kite

3. Square 6. Trapezium

Review exercise for unit 5

I. Write True for the correct statements and False for the incorrect
statements.

1. If the adjacent sides of a parallelogram are congruent, then the parallelogram is

rhombus
2. If the adjacent sides of a parallelogram are congruent, then the parallelogram is
square.
3. The sides of rectangle make with its sides.
4. The diagonals of kite bisect each other.
5. If the diagonals of a parallelogram are perpendicular bisector of each other, then
the parallelogram is necessarily rhombus.
6. All squares are rhombus.
7. All rectangles are squares.

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II. Fill in the blank space with the correct answer

1. A triangle with all its sides are equal is called_________

2. A triangle with one right angle is called_______
3. A quadrilateral with adjacent sides congruent, but opposite sides are not
congruent is called______
4. A parallelogram with all four sides congruent is necessarily ______
5. A rhombus with four right angles is _________

III. Choose the correct answer

1. The area of triangle with base 4cm and height 3cm is _____
A. B. C. D.
2. The area of rhombus whose diagonals are 12cm and 18cm is____
A. B. C. D.
3. A toilet room has length of 2m and width of 2m. The flooring is to be tiled by
ceramic tiles of size 20cm by 20cm. how many ceramic tiles are needed to
cover the class room?
A. B. C. D.
4. The area of rectangular field is . If the length of base of the field is 12m,
then the perimeter of the field is ______
A. B. C. D.
5. The perimeter of kite with its opposite sides are 5cm and 12cm is _____
A. B. C. D.

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 Mathematics G r a d e 7 student text book
IV. Work out

1. Calculate the area and perimeter of the following figures.

10cm S R
a. b.
v v
8cm 10cm v v
v vvvv v
v v
P Q
v v
16cm v
v
v v
X
v
5c B
m 4
c
N Y
c. W m 8cm 24c
3cm 4
d. m
c
9cm A E C
m
Z 10cm

12cm
D
10c 13c 12c
10c
m 8cm m m
e. m f.

6cm 18cm
5cm

[Grade 7student book] Page 245