NBC A 103

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BnsTCS OF TNFOR MAION SSTEM

Unit I Tihoduction to Tofoumation Syste n(1s)

INTRoDUCTION
"The combnatfon of bode data - people ,and
pHoeduNe S thet 'oganigatione Use -o collet Pocess,stesu 1

and dicninte Rnte s refeoed to cn iofo syste m.

Ara in deision -naking, co6ndination, and contuol,

Assist omganigatons in achieving thein obyectives.

ExampksSimpe manual system S

-Complex compte -bsed Systens

|YPES eF INFOR MATION External

info

Tntenal Info
-
Muate
-ExteHnal Tnfo In tema
|Tunior
Tnfo

- TntHnal Into - Detfned as înfo genenated by the Osqantton' s

o pes ations ot vaous m ana gement evels în

vaious functional ateaS .

is summaised and
pauagsset phocessed.
-Also poqresse s f'uon the lowest to highest level of
man genent.

Ezanples - Pdycfon f

'ennel
# ten Tnfo - Tofo that is businr
nere t'ern the
OqantgatHon's sureoundings.

Comgs from outlee tu organ'atton and hoy cn mpnrt cn.

pertommance.

-[Link] by top management ead ves.

-Usefal Ra deu eloping long-fem polley plans 4o
oganiso4v,
Ecamples Govumment polrres
Compeion
Cionomle Btatus
Trteunalional maket cond4ons

DIMENSIONS IS
- Oqan zattonal Dtmension)
man agemert Dfmenion

Technolog y Dfnen sion

Stateae DfmensRon
Ujey Dlmen sion

AOganizatonal Simenšion

Sandad opeuting procedsie and cltwu e an

Ogantgaton

and
Funcional specTatities , business processes
polffeal goups.
-lse, how th Means how tthe infe sys lern îs
used ant managed.
the orgonatfon l stctse,
and how it SuppoHte thei

qoals aud objecves.

 mancqenert 1mention
elyto Polfíes, pueceduus, and sules hat gaueun hu wE et
Is.
Pnovids manayers ftth tools and io fo -that they ned te
qllocte condin ote and nonitou thel work mabe
dsctsions,

- Incucls, thiogs ire' poss wOMds, backup prccaduss, ond

data secwthy potffes.

Technolog. Dinnenslon
- Computer heolscse scttwasu , dota managenent technolet
and netwouking /telecom technology

and
computer ,and dtabase scfte
othet technical inta stuctue f IS.

HEScteq tínenton
Aligning Is wlth an Oganizatont oveal qols an d
Skvdegies.

Decsfon-rnaking puocesses as well athe Rmpact of Is on

Cornpefuenese and euccess of the organgaon.
WLe Dimense

Ths refeus -te the fafo systen's end usens and h Ow

they recct with t.
 OPERATING ELEMENTs oF IS
*Dpucting elements = Components that allew an TŠ to

funetion eftectivety and effieiently

Had we - Physieal compon ents o Compute Eqpmenls

Pemipheal Deuites
-oten Suppontfhgy en.
.Sftwa- Stt of istuctrons that Tostructs handwae hot
to do. neludes yten softwan and applieatHon coftoa
! ksuch as t opevating yetem
-Data - nfo mation thart systm stoges and protesses.
Tncudes both stuctuyed,and
unstructured, data.
1fhe a dataoase
text document

Ysoceduses - Stps and proces5e to conplota speife tasks.

-Dota ety
Tnfo. Poins"
- Repent Gewati'on

People - Who use the system.

who suppot and maindain ttoo.
-Netw0Hk Communication channels tha Lonnec
system cempont
gnd allow then to wonk
togethey.
-Policies and seurity neasures - Cuidelines and measmes that
anse the ags tems information's confidenhalit integ
and avaal abilfty
*Majox Psuocessing functions în IS -

LBusness transaction processina

Coptusu, collect;ecord
,store and process events of
business mterest go that theis fmpact is
seflected n
organiationl pesfomance yecords.
mastex -fle updates-Effect of these tansactons s casiect
ou to goni3atonal
maste
peformance stutsfles.
ffles mu st reflect the status of ny entity
in corpor ating the offer
impact of cuent ttanscactons.
Infor mation report 'qeneration

AfHer processing transactons and updating master fi les,

info e portsare genesatecd -to assist ynanaqers in
making desions.
Processing of înteyactive, iniries -
Online info. processing sytens alle managess to espon
to business oneries satsed on dta les, bth master
and tansactions ffles.
bPooviding inteactive analy hcal -
support
Deusion makes necd tools to etract data and wse
moclelsfos analiysis. -A acclon Support Syctemn e made
when ît can ata fuom t2s and apply it to modols
pully
chosen by the uset to an aly3e possible actons.
 TypES oF IS
Can be classifi'ed into seveyal ty pes based on their

-functions ,organi zational level, and notue of dsta

protessed: -

.Tansaction Peocessing Systems TPs)

Management Into. Systems (MIS)
- Deision support syetes (DsSs)
•Seutive Info. Syctems (EIS )
•Expert Systems (ES)
•Ariticial Irtelligent [Link])
Enterprise Resouce Planning Syskms (ERP
•Suprly Chain management Syetems (ScM)
•Customer Relatonship management Sycttms(CRm)
.Knowledge management Systems (KMS)
ransactien ?eocessing Syskm (TPs)
for business tsansactions
provide tsansactons So thot ecords can be upd5t:d
and eports can be' qentid,
- to pesform stoIe kaeping
tunchins.
Tsansactons as caued în two stages,

btch onli tiasechi

procening procening
Examples -Bil syse, payrell <yskms
Stock contrel system.
management ofo. Systen (MISs)
-Takes etativey sauw clata uom Tps
Juom Tps and sum maouze for
the man agt(middle mauag cunent)
-
,
Cenercates

ad-hoc
vauieus supot tya
and excepfon uponts.
ke oun masy g on-doman

Exayples -,8ales manaqment ystems, ttu vnan esotca

mauagament ystems.
Decision Support System, (bcs)-.
- Irteachve system prouiding mnodels and data tool, to
sbibt n decision -making
-Tvolves gathuuwing aud unalying info. tor
Semi stuctud decisions.
Escamples- Finanal planning systems,
Bank oan managevnent Systems

Ecpert Systerm Es)-g

Uses astifreial BafteminetlTqence to hetp manageus dingose
and selve poblems.
Ats Qike a cons ltaut , using a knowledqe base ad sefhta
seftue do pouide auswes.
Ecomples -- ysfems based on AI for expert deciston-making

0-ffce utomatibn System -

TAutomates adminisfsative taska QEke documenf
puocesing
data suconding y nd effeatdausacions.
- Incudes toets eihe mail, uoite mil, and wOd
puocesingto enhonte elfteiney.
-Sepeuales cleeicol uom administratue wostk.

F Executve Support Syste m

- ftssists top executfues planninq, deisicn-making wokftoi

control.
- Povices statt eposts,gcphs, and [Link] nto
Helps tack perfomance ,compctitive otategie¢ fiw,
 Com PONP NTS OF TS
+Computer Hancwau-physical, component used for i

outpt and process ing tqsks.

# Computer Softe- Pregrqms -that contro| hadew au
and pecess tlata, inluding ysttm and appe tion
Softwase
Telecommunicati'on Netwoy Rs - NetwOHks that connect
people nd devtes to'exchauqedota.

These components work togethe to collect,.

ceate and distîbute usetul nfo iAfn an
orgauigatr
Computer
Softu

Runau
nfo Carnputer
ResouCes
HadwALe
Syetem s

Database Networks

MAJOR PROCESS ING FUNCRIONS IN TS

# Data Input and Captue Eteinig data înto the systen

sthnough. methods Like manuale enty scaining
#Data Stogge and Reteval
Satins deta for fetuu, use
databases ,fle systems, or the doud.
in

Data Processina and fnalysis- eonver Haw' clata înto

useful info by pesforming tasks tike

skuing and
talculatons.
 FDeáston making and Paoblem Soluing- Using infr to chrrs
the best optc n oy solve issuts.
#nfo Output nd Disseminat'on- Pre Senting prccesserl
data through reper ts or visuali3tions.
+Dta Maintenance- Updating and managing dta
Rncluding
backups and anchiving.
+Dat Secwity and Protection-
Safequanding data
-from nauthori3ed access
using enty pons
authentication, und access contols.

How TO- APPLY TS TN Bus IN Ess 9

#Entexpíse Resour(e Planninq (eRe- oftuass that

iteqatesvaics fun cttens like finance, HR,
business
and supply chain to steamline process es and
impreve
dectsion-makíng
tSupply chain (sCM
Management manaqing the ftow of
materíals
ustomers
, nfoimátion, and financesfrom suppliess tto
improving efffeie ney and cwstomey experiena
# Gusto mey Relationshp manaqement (CRM)- menaging
customer interations cnd dota to buld stong telaton
chips cnd fmpove sales , mastkuling,and cutomu Aenuî ce.

FAcTS OF IS
4Necessay fos Business GvothTS
Gvoth au caitfcl fos
Tunning computev - yelated opesctfons thot help bs inesse s

achieve theis goals.

#Bette Data štoyage Access-They toe operalo.n
,
&

data CMgan3ed ag making it easien to fincl aud use.

 * TmpIDUed Decisien - Maeing IS help businesses
make betes dections proidig ick acc es to

essentfal dat aud impreving cemmunicallon

DATA AND TNFORMATION

TNPUT
Processiag OUTP0T
DATA
DATA DATA
Ihfos matiou
PROCESSLN

#DATA
-Refess to aboutcny event and fqets.
oletails,

•Disinteqrated and Disorgaused inthe

form.

-Cant be undstood or usecl by. USeS.

-Does not depend ddpon nfo.
* TNFO
-Refesto only those events whi'eh concenedi t

entty
Prepery, Qoanged, classited 4 orgauíget,
- In fished fm,
- Undestood ¢ sed by the users.
-Based upon and olesiyed from dat

CLASSIFICATION OF INFO
# cthon vg Nor action -

Action- No stock"
Tiggers arespenst
prcmphg
a puschase.
No-atton-Tofoy natocdy eg. A stock (edge
 VS on- 1ecwong=
|#Reuoina
Recusung- Regula epots lrke monthlyy salesdata
, Non cung-One- tfme supots Qike fnanial
analysis O4 mastket use qsch.
Ttenalvš ExtoMn al
Tntenal- Ceneted frem ithin the oqanizatton,

Exten al- Catheeodfom otsfi the ogcuigathon,

g govenmenl yapols

CLASSIFICATION OF INFo (TNTERNS OF APPLICATIONS

#Planning Tnfor maton- Used for planning

eg- tfme oH deignstandards
Cortol Infb- monitos status,
gactfoity pregress uponts.

# Knooledge Info - Stoses experttse

eg. knowledqe bases,

Oxgai zational Info - Shaecd acnoss teongauizaon.

#Database Iofo- Too stosed fer multrp le uses.

#Fnétonal/Opevat'onal TInfo - Directly related to bsiness

operattens.
 # Tmneliness- Tofo shold be avaflable ohen nccded

t Dcwacy - must be free foem essers.

tt Relevan ce must be yleauttothe usex's neads

# ndeauacy- Seffreient in qunutiy

# Com pleteness- Bhold paouid all mec essoy details,
#Explieitness - houd aulmot
be clea suas'
-futtheu ?nteputton.
+[Link] ony on crfc al
ponts vele
to mawgens.

UTILIIIEC oF LNFO
+ Fom vttlty- Tofo shold tbe in the format Segeiud by
uset.
#Tme UtCt- Ahailabl hen necdec.
#Place UfITty- Casily açeessible
+ Posse ssien U4:1fty Tnfo vale cepeuy on who possesses
?t.
CHARECTERIs TICS OF IS
# management- Oientecl- Sevs ll lucts ef an oMqauization,
#Business - Duven- Should align wth the buines's stsataaic
plon.
# Totqated- Bubsystems mst be tonecttd to allow eommon
dk flow.
Heavy Planning Element - Reqines sisnifcaut Ouey
planving
3-S yeays.
## Sabsysten Concept- Each dipatment supesents a
subgyetem.
FlexibTlfty ad Easy to Use- Shold be easy to modi&
aud
wseeudly
Database Focused-
Centaliged cdata stoage is
+Dstfbutiue Systems- Bpuad acuoSs v
auious locatons,
eg- banbing
systems.

LEVELs oF MANAGE MENT

#op Managlitategie Planning Foc uses on longtem
dectsfons.
t micdie manaq (mangenent Contbol)-Hand lec oministati
and decísion - making
activittes.

Opeattonal mo cOpeatonal Contol)- monitos daily

opeuatfons,

FoNDAMENTAL foEs OF Is
#Buppost Business Opexatong- Failitts clay to -day opeatio

Suppot mauageias Dectston-Making- fssistsîn ma king

Gnformed dectrsfons.

F Suppont &trateate Competitve Aduautag- Helps the onqaua

tion stay compett4ve

Com PeTIVIVE AbuANTACE

#Cost Styateqies- Use IT to sucuce opactional
ests.

#DiffeHen tfaton Stateqies Use IT to Ceate centqu pyoducts o

SeMuices.
Toation Strotugis - Use IT tc defve finnovation.