THERMODYNAMICS-II
ASSIGNMENT 1: PRACTICE PROBLEMS
OTTO CYCLE
Q1. An air-standard Otto cycle operates with a compression ratio of 8. The pressure and temperature at the
beginning of compression are 100 kPa and 300 K, respectively. The heat supplied during the constant-
volume heat addition process is 800 kJ/kg.
Determine:
1. The temperature at all state points.
2. The pressure at all state points.
3. The net work output per kilogram of air.
4. The thermal efficiency of the cycle.
5. The maximum temperature attained in the cycle.
Q2. An air-standard Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 9. The initial pressure and temperature are 95
kPa and 290 K, respectively. The maximum temperature in the cycle is limited to 2200 K.
Determine:
1. The heat supplied per kilogram of air.
2. The net work output per kilogram of air.
3. The thermal efficiency.
4. The mean effective pressure.
Q3. A four-cylinder spark-ignition engine operates on the air-standard Otto cycle. The compression ratio is
10. The swept volume per cylinder is 500 cm³. The engine speed is 3000 rpm. The intake conditions are 1
bar and 300 K. The mechanical efficiency is 85%.
Determine:
1. The mass of air inducted per cycle per cylinder.
2. The indicated work per cycle.
3. The brake power output of the engine.
DIESEL CYCLE
Q4. An air-standard Diesel cycle operates with a compression ratio of 18 and a cut-off ratio of 2. The initial
pressure and temperature are 100 kPa and 300 K.
Determine:
1. The temperature and pressure at all state points.
2. The heat supplied and heat rejected per kilogram of air.
3. The net work output.
4. The thermal efficiency of the cycle.
Q5. An air-standard Diesel cycle and an air-standard Otto cycle operate with the same compression ratio of
16 and identical initial conditions of 100 kPa and 300 K. The heat supplied to both cycles is 900 kJ/kg. The
cut-off ratio of the Diesel cycle is 1.8.
Determine:
1. The thermal efficiency of both cycles.
2. The net work output of each cycle.
3. The percentage difference in efficiency between the two cycles.
4. A technical justification, based on calculations, of which cycle is more efficient under the given
conditions.
Q6. A single-cylinder compression-ignition engine operates on the air-standard Diesel cycle. The
compression ratio is 20 and the cut-off ratio is 1.9. The intake conditions are 95 kPa and 310 K. The engine
speed is 1500 rpm. The swept volume is 1.5 liters.
Determine:
1. The indicated mean effective pressure.
2. The indicated power output.
3. The thermal efficiency of the engine.
BRAYTON CYCLE
Q7. A simple ideal Brayton cycle operates with a pressure ratio of 6. The air enters the compressor at 300
K. The maximum cycle temperature is 1200 K.
Determine:
1. The temperature at all state points.
2. The compressor work per kilogram of air.
3. The turbine work per kilogram of air.
4. The net work output.
5. The thermal efficiency of the cycle.
Q8. A gas turbine plant operates on a Brayton cycle with a pressure ratio of 8. The compressor efficiency
is 80% and the turbine efficiency is 85%. The air enters the compressor at 290 K and the maximum
temperature in the cycle is 1300 K.
Determine:
1. The actual compressor exit temperature.
2. The actual turbine exit temperature.
3. The actual net work output per kilogram of air.
4. The thermal efficiency of the cycle.